U.S. patent number 3,922,867 [Application Number 05/520,310] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-02 for friction rock stabilizers.
Invention is credited to James J. Scott.
United States Patent |
3,922,867 |
Scott |
December 2, 1975 |
Friction rock stabilizers
Abstract
Friction rock stabilizers such as for example roof anchors,
comprising a generally annular body which from end-to-end has a
slot through its thickness and is circumferentially compressible
for installation into a bore of diameter substantially smaller than
the normal outer diameter of the body whereby, after such
installation, the resilience of the body causes the body outer
periphery to anchor by frictional engagement with the surrounding
wall of the bore. Also, an anchoring method employing a stabilizer
of this type.
Inventors: |
Scott; James J. (Rolla,
MO) |
Family
ID: |
27028705 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/520,310 |
Filed: |
November 4, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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430695 |
Jan 4, 1974 |
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330954 |
Feb 9, 1973 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
411/61;
405/259.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
13/00 (20130101); E21D 21/004 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21D
21/00 (20060101); F16B 13/00 (20060101); E21D
021/00 (); E21D 020/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/45B,45R,63
;85/84,32.1,80,8.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,443,392 |
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May 1966 |
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FR |
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825,003 |
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Dec 1959 |
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UK |
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1,028,664 |
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May 1966 |
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UK |
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Primary Examiner: Taylor; Dennis L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Paquin; Robert R.
Parent Case Text
This is a Continuation-in-Part of my U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No.
430,695 filed Jan. 4, 1974 which is a Continuation-in-Part of my
U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 330,954 filed Feb. 9, 1973, now
abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A friction stabilizer for insertion in a bore in a structure
such as a roof or side wall of a mine shaft or other underground
opening for anchoring the structure, said stabilizer comprising a
generally annular body from end-to-end having a slot through its
thickness, said body including edge portions extending along
opposite sides of said slot and relatively arranged to permit
substantial circumferential compression of said body, said body
being of outer diameter predetermined to be substantially larger
than the diameter of the bore in which it is to be inserted such
that insertion of said body in such bore causes substantial
circumferential compression of said body, said body being
dimensioned to be plastically deformed during its insertion in such
bore, the stabilizer being free of structure precluding said
substantial compression and plastic deformation of said body during
its said insertion, said body being of material permitting its said
substantial compression and plastic deformation during its said
insertion and, after such insertion, causing the body outer
periphery to frictionally engage the surrounding wall of the bore
for frictionally anchoring the structure, the ratio of the length
of said body to the outer diameter thereof being at least about 16
to 1, the ratio of the radial thickness of said body to the outer
diameter thereof being at a maximum about 1 to 5 and at a minimum
about 1 to 50, and the outer circumferential dimension of said body
being at least two inches.
2. A friction stabilizer according to claim 1, wherein the
circumferential width of said slot is at a maximum about 25 percent
of the outer circumferential dimension of said body.
3. A friction stabilizer according to claim 1, wherein the outer
periphery of said body is at least substantially imperforate.
4. A friction stabilizer according to claim 1, wherein said slot is
straight from end-to-end of said body.
5. A friction stabilizer according to claim 1, wherein the interior
of said body is open.
6. A friction stabilizer according to claim 1, further comprising
means for tensioning said body after its insertion in a bore.
7. A friction stabilizer according to claim 1, further comprising
wedge means movable internally of an end of said body.
Description
The present invention relates to the anchoring of a structure such
as a roof or side wall of a mine shaft or other underground
opening, and more specifically to the provision of new and improved
friction rock stabilizers and stabilizing methods particularly
adapted for such anchoring.
An object of the present invention is to provide new and improved
friction rock stabilizers which are highly efficient in operation
while relatively simple and economical in construction.
Another object of the invention is to provide new and improved
stabilizing methods particularly adapted to provide highly
efficient anchoring through the employment of a stabilizer which is
relatively simple and economical in construction.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from
the following description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings wherein, as will be understood, the preferred forms of the
invention have been given by way of illustration only.
In accordance with the invention, a friction rock stabilizer may
comprise a generally annular body from end-to-end having a slot
through its thickness, the body including edge portions extending
along opposite sides of such slot and the width of the slot being
sufficiently great to space apart such edge portions a distance
permitting substantial circumferential compression of the body for
insertion thereof in a bore of diameter smaller than the outer
diameter of the body in uncompressed condition, the anchor being
free of structure precluding such substantial circumferential
compression of the body, and the body being of material permitting
its said substantial circumferential compression for insertion in
such a bore and, after such insertion, causing the body outer
periphery to frictionally engage the surrounding wall of the bore
for anchoring a roof.
Also, in accordance with the invention, a structure such as a roof
or side wall of a mine shaft or other underground tunnel may be
anchored by a method which may comprise the steps of forming a bore
in the structure to be anchored, providing a circumferentially
compressible stabilizer having an outer periphery of a diameter
larger than that of the formed bore, and inserting the stabilizer
into the bore whereby the stabilizer is circumferentially
compressed and the outer periphery of the circumferentially
compressed stabilizer frictionally engages the wall of the
bore.
Referring to the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an elevational side view of one stabilizer constructed in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top or plan view of the stabilizer illustrated in FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is an elevational side view showing the stabilizer of FIG. 1
in operative position in a bore formed in the roof of a mine shaft
or other underground opening;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the stabilizer as shown in FIG. 3,
taken on Line 4--4 of FIG. 3 looking in the direction of the
arrows; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, elevational sectional view of a second
stabilizer constructed in accordance with the invention showing
such in a bore in the roof of a mine shaft or other underground
opening.
Referring more particularly to the drawings wherein similar
reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the
several views, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a friction rock stabilizer,
designated generally as 10, which, although relatively simple and
economical in construction, is highly efficient in anchoring a
structure such as a roof or side wall of a mine shaft or other
underground opening. As shown in such Figs., the stabilizer 10
consists of an elongated, generally annular, open-ended body 12
having a single, longitudinally extending, straight-slot 14 formed
through its radial thickness T from end-to-end, or throughout the
length, of the body 12. The body 12 is imperforate, cylindrical and
of constant outer diameter from end-to-end, the ratio of the length
of the body 12 to the outer diameter thereof being at least a
minimum of about 16 to 1 and preferably of about 32 to 1 or 48 to 1
although such longer stabilizers could be formed of interconnected
sections each of 16 to 1 ratio or greater. The opposite
longitudinal sides of the slot 14 are defined by opposed
longitudinally extending edge portions 16 of the body 12; and the
circumferential dimension or width W of the slot 14, with the body
12 in uncompressed condition, is sufficiently great to space apart
the edge portions 16 a circumferential distance permitting
substantial circumferential compression of the body 12 for
insertion thereof in a bore of diameter substantially smaller than
the outer diameter of the body 12. The outer circumferential
dimension of the body 12, not including the width W of the slot 14,
is greater than about 2 inches; and the width W of the slot 14 is
no greater than a maximum of about 25 percent of the overall outer
circumferential dimension of the stabilizer 10--that is, no greater
than about 25 percent of the complete annulus formed by the body 12
and slot 14.
The body 12 is constructed of steel, thus permitting its
substantial circumferential compression for insertion in such a
substantially smaller diameter bore and, after such insertion,
causing the body outer circumference to frictionally engage the
surrounding wall of the bore for anchoring a structure such as the
roof of a mine shaft. Also, as will be noted, the anchor 10 is
entirely free of structure precluding such substantial
circumferential compression of the body 12, the interior 18 of the
body 12 being open or empty. The outer diameter of the body 12 of
the stabilizer 10 for any given size bore is pre-determined to be
substantially larger than the diameter of the bore, but such that
the edge portions 16 of the body 12 will be abutting, or spaced
apart by only a relatively small gap, with the stabilizer 10
installed in the bore. The ratio of the radial thickness T of the
body 12 to the body outer diameter is no greater than a maximum of
about 1 to 5 and no less than a minimum of about 1 to 50, thereby
permitting plastic deformation of the body 12 during its insertion
in the bore; and, although the body 12 has been shown as being of
constant outer diameter from end-to-end, the outer diameter of the
body forward or leading end could be of lesser outer diameter than
the remainder of the body 12 to facilitate said insertion.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the stabilizer 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 in
installed condition in a pre-drilled bore 20 in a roof 22 to be
anchored thereby. During such insertion, the body 12 of the
stabilizer 10 is deformed plastically (that is, deformed in the
plastic range) to a condition whereby ##EQU1## .DELTA.-- being the
difference between the outer diameter of the body 12 before
insertion and the outer diameter of the body 12 after
insertion,
D -- being the outer diameter of the body 12 before insertion,
t -- being the radial thickness of the body 12,
E -- being Young's Modulus, and
.sigma.y -- being the yield stress of the material. As shown, the
outer circumference of the body 12 of the installed stabilizer 10
frictionally engages the surrounding wall of the bore 20 throughout
the length of the body 12; and the stabilizer 10 anchors by this
frictional engagement of the outer circumference of the body 12
with the wall of the bore 20. The body outer circumference may, of
course, be epoxy coated, roughened or otherwise constructed to
enhance its frictional engagement with the bore wall; and, as
illustrated, the body 12 of the stabilizer 10 is of a length to
extend substantially the entire length of the bore 20. The pull-out
force of the installed stabilizer 10 is somewhat greater than the
installation or push-in force applied to the stabilizer, thereby
enabling such pull-out force to be predetermined by knowledge of
the applied push-in force.
FIG. 5, wherein parts similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 through 4
are designated by the corresponding reference numerals followed by
the suffix a, fragmentarially illustrates a friction rock
stabilizer 10a which is different from the stabilizer 10 only in
that it further includes means for tensioning the body 12a after
its insertion into the bore 20a. More particularly, as shown in
FIG. 5, the body 12a of the stabilizer 10a is inserted into the
bore 20a such that a minor portion 24 (for example, a few inches)
of the length of the body 12a is external to the bore 20a. The
stabilizer 10a includes a plate 26 having a central opening 28
receiving the body 12a, the plate 26 being mounted along the lower
surface of the roof 22a; and the stabilizer 10 further includes a
wedge pin 30 inserted through aligned openings 32, 34 in the body
12a immediately beneath the plate 26 to tension the body 12a after
its insertion into the bore 20a.
If desired, either of the stabilizers 10, 10a could be provided
with a wedge, per se of any suitable configuration, which is
inserted into the innermost or leading end of its body 12, 12a
after the body 12, 12a has been installed in its bore 20, 20a in
the beforedescribed manner. Neither of the stabilizers 10, 10a,
however, requires such a wedge; and both of the stabilizers 10, 10a
will provide highly efficient and safe anchoring without a wedge.
Moreover, in the event that a wedge is employed with either of the
stabilizers 10 or 10a, it must be disposed during the insertion of
the stabilizer body 12 or 12a into its bore 20 or 20a to preclude
it from interference with the beforedescribed substantial
circumferential compression of the body 12 or 12a occurring during
such insertion.
The methods of the invention may, generally considered, comprise
the steps of forming a bore 20 in the structure to be anchored,
providing a circumferentially compressible stabilizer 10 having an
outer circumference of a diameter larger than that of the formed
bore 20, and inserting the stabilizer 10 into the bore 20 whereby
the body of the stabilizer 10 is circumferentially compressed
during such insertion, thereby at least substantially closing the
slot 14, and the outer circumference of the circumferentially
compressed body 12 frictionally engages the wall of the bore 20 for
anchoring the structure.
From the preceding description, it will be seen that the invention
provides new and improved stabilizers and methods, for attaining
all of the aforestated objects and advantages. It will be
understood, however, that although only two embodiments of the
invention have been illustrated and hereinbefore described, the
invention is not limited merely to these two embodiments, but
rather contemplates other embodiments and variations within the
scope of the following claims.
* * * * *