U.S. patent number 3,922,783 [Application Number 05/499,473] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-02 for cutter employing dual pawl action and automatic stop and return means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Efficiency Tool Company. Invention is credited to William H. Hayes.
United States Patent |
3,922,783 |
Hayes |
December 2, 1975 |
Cutter employing dual pawl action and automatic stop and return
means
Abstract
A cutter includes first and second handle assemblies each of
which carries a respective cutting blade, the handles and blades
having a common pivot axis. The cutter further includes a dual pawl
arrangement, one of which prevents rotation of one of the cutting
blades when the handles are moved apart, the other pawl providing
rotation of that cutting blade when the handles are moved together.
Means are also provided for limiting the rotation of the one
cutting blade and returning that blade to the open position.
Inventors: |
Hayes; William H. (Helena,
AL) |
Assignee: |
Efficiency Tool Company
(Pelham, AL)
|
Family
ID: |
23985386 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/499,473 |
Filed: |
August 22, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
30/250;
30/193 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B26B
13/26 (20130101); B23D 29/023 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B26B
13/26 (20060101); B23D 29/00 (20060101); B26B
13/00 (20060101); B23D 29/02 (20060101); B26B
013/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;30/249,250,261,192,193 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jones, Jr.; James L.
Assistant Examiner: Peters; J. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Duckworth, Hobby & Allen
Claims
I claim:
1. Cutting apparatus comprising:
a first handle assembly;
a first cutting blade carried by said first handle assembly;
a second cutting blade adjacent to, and having a common pivot axis
with said first cutting blade;
a second handle assembly having a common pivot axis with said first
and second blades;
first means carried by said second handle assembly for rotating
said second cutting blade in one direction when said first and
second handles are moved together; and
second means carried by said first handle assembly for preventing
rotation of said cutting blade in a direction opposite to said one
direction when said first and second handles are moved apart.
2. The cutter recited in claim 1 further comprising:
third means for providing an operating range of movement of said
handle assemblies; and wherein
said operating range is defined by operation of said second means
to prevent rotation of said second cutting blade in said opposite
direction.
3. The cutter recited in claim 2 wherein said second means
comprises:
a toothed segment about a portion of the periphery of said second
cutting blade;
a first pawl carried by said first handle assembly; and wherein
said first pawl only engages said toothed segment to prevent
rotation thereof in said opposite direction.
4. The cutter recited in claim 3 wherein said third means
comprises:
said second handle assembly including a first hinge plate therewith
adjacent to, and having a common pivot axis with said second
cutting blade, the periphery of said first hinge plate overlapping
said toothed segment and having a first slot therein; and
wherein
said first pawl engages said toothed segment only in said first
slot.
5. The cutter recited in claim 4 wherein said first means
comprises:
a second pawl carried by said second handle assembly;
said first cutting blade including a second slot along the
periphery thereof; and wherein
said second pawl engages said toothed segment only in said second
slot.
6. The cutter recited in claim 4 further comprising:
a second hinge plate with said first and second cutting blades
positioned between said first and second hinge plates;
each of said first and second cutting blades and said first and
second hinge plates having a corresponding hole therethrough
coaxial with said pivot axis;
a hinge pin extending through all of the holes of said cutting
blades in said hinge plates;
a hinge nut fixed to the extremity of said hinge pin; and
wherein
said cutting blades and said hinge plates are rotatable about said
hinge pin.
7. The cutter recited in claim 6 further comprising:
said hinge plates each including a plurality of bearing holes
extending therethrough;
a plurality of bearings, each of which is positioned in one of said
bearing holes and between one of said hinge pin and said hinge nut
and one of said cutting blades, each bearing having a greater
transverse dimension than the one of said hinge plates associated
therewith.
8. The cutter recited in claim 6 wherein both said pawls are
contained entirely within said cutter.
9. The cutter recited in claim 2 further comprising fourth means
for limiting rotation of said second cutting blade in said one
direction.
10. The cutter recited in claim 9 wherein said fourth means further
comprises means for rotating said second blade in said opposite
direction when said handles are moved apart outside said operating
range.
11. The cutter recited in claim 10 wherein said fourth means
comprises:
said first cutting blade having a first circular slot around said
pivot axis;
said second cutting blade having a second circular slot around said
pivot axis overlapping said first slot;
a spring disposed in said first and second slots; and wherein
rotation of said second cutting blade in said one direction
compresses said spring such that said spring rotates said second
cutting blade in said opposite direction when said handles are
moved apart outside said operating range.
12. Cutting apparatus comprising:
first and second handles;
a first cutting blade member having an opening therethrough and a
flat, elongated shaft joined to said first handle;
a face plate overlying said shaft;
a first pawl plate positioned between said shaft of said first
cutting blade member and said face plate;
a first pawl secured by said first pawl plate;
a second cutting blade member having an opening therethrough axial
with said opening in said first cutting blade member, said second
cutting blade member having a toothed segment along a peripheral
portion thereof;
first and second hinge plates with said first and second cutting
blade members positioned therebetween, said first and second hinge
plates fixed to said second handle and having respective openings
therein axial with said openings in said first and second cutting
blade members;
a second pawl plate positioned between said first and second hinge
plates;
a second pawl secured by said second pawl plate;
means for biasing said second pawl so as to prevent rotation of
said second cutting blade member in one direction when said first
and second handle assemblies are moved together; and
means for biasing said first pawl so as to prevent rotation of said
second cutting blade member in a direction opposite to said one
direction when said first and second handles are moved apart.
13. The cutter recited in claim 12 whereby said biasing means
comprises:
a portion of the periphery of said first hinge plate overlapping
said toothed segment and having a first slot therein, said first
hinge plate peripheral portion and said first slot comprising means
for allowing engagement of said first pawl with said toothed
segment only in said first slot and only when said handles are
moved apart; and
a portion of the periphery of said first cutting blade member
overlapping said toothed segment and having a second slot therein,
said first cutting blade member peripheral portion and said second
slot comprising means for allowing engagement of said second pawl
with said toothed segment only in said second slot and only when
said handles are moved together.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to cutting devices, and in particular
relates to cutters for cables and similar materials.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Cutting devices such as scissors, shears, snippers, cable cutters
and the like employ a wide variety of designs, some of which are
utilized for specific work functions.
In the cutting of cables of the type including a metallic element
therein, it is generally necessary to provide a high mechanical
advantage in order to overcome the tensile strength of the metal.
To this end, basic cable cutter designs generally employ relatively
long handles and short blade lengths. To this basic design has been
added various compound motions and rachetting arrangements which
allow the use of shorter handles. See for example U.S. Pat. No.
3,210,844 to Tontscheff which discloses cable cutting pliers having
a dual rachetting arrangement and relatively short handles, the
rachetting handle being pivoted at a point below the pivot point of
the cutting blades.
Other prior art arrangements are shown in the following U.S. Pat.
Nos.: 127,735 to Broadbrooks and 1,454,917, both of which disclose
pruning shears; 3,243,880 to Weller and 1,317,758 to Dicop, both of
which teach cutters employing a compound motion and a single
rachetting arrangement.
In many cutters of the type employing rachets, the rachet is
controlled by means which is easily accessible outside the tool.
However, these arrangements are unsatisfactory in some cases, in
that it creates an unsafe condition for the user of the tool.
In addition to the above considerations, a commercially viable
cable cutter must be fabricated from relatively high tensile
strength materials at an economically feasible cost.
Another consideration will respect to cutters for electrical cable
and the like is that the operator may only have one free hand
available to operate the tool. For such applications, it is
necessary that the tool provide means for automatically opening the
cutting jaws after the cutting operation is completed without
requiring the operator to utilize his other hand.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention contemplates cutting apparatus comprising a
first handle assembly and a first cutting blade carried by the
first handle assembly. A second cutting blade is superposed on, and
has a common pivot axis with the first cutting blade. A second
handle assembly having a common pivot axis with the first and
second blades includes means carried thereby for rotating the
second cutting blade when the first and second handles are moved
together, to effect the cutting operation. Additional means are
carried by the first handle assembly to prevent reverse rotation of
the second cutting blade when the first and second handles are
moved apart.
In a preferred embodiment, means are provided for defining a range
of operation through a portion of the total throw between the two
handle assemblies. In this preferred embodiment, means are also
provided for limiting the extent of rotation of the second cutting
blade and thereafter allowing the blades to be moved apart when the
handles are moved outside the operating range.
An important aspect of the present invention is that a cutter
fabricated in accordance therewith may be machined from low cost,
high tensile strength flat metal stock materials in a commercially
feasible manner.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a
cutting device in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are top plan views, FIGS. 3 and 4 being
partially cut away, of the cutting device shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A preferred embodiment of a cutting device in accordance with the
present invention will initially be described with reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2.
The cutter, generally referred to as 10, includes a hinge pin 12
and a hinge nut 14 which, when joined together, define a common
pivot axis 16 for the handles and cutting blades of the cutter
10.
The cutter 10 includes a stationary handle assembly and a rachet
handle assembly, the stationary handle assembly comprising a
stationary handle 18, a face plate 20 and a retaining pawl plate 22
interposed between the face plate 20 and the shaft 24 of a first
cutting blade, described below. The face plate 20 includes an
indentation 21 on the inner surface thereof and opposite the
retaining pawl, described below. The retaining pawl plate 22
includes a hole 26 in a surface thereof and a pawl bearing hole 28
communicating with the hole 26. A retaining pawl 30 extends through
the hole 26 and is rotatably fitted in the bearing hole 28. The
retaining pawl 30 has a greater thickness dimension than the
retaining pawl plate 22 and thus extends into the indentation 21 of
the face plate 20 when the cutter 10 is assembled. A retaining pawl
spring 32 (shown in FIG. 2) provides bias to the retaining pawl 30
in the hole 26.
The rachet handle assembly includes a rachet handle 34 and front
and rear hinge plates 36 and 38, respectively. The front hinge
plate 36 includes a slot 37 along the outer periphery thereof. Both
hinge plates 36 and 38 include corresponding holes 40, 42 therein
through which the hinge pin 12 is fitted. Both hinge plates 36 and
38 further include a plurality of slots 39, into which are
positioned needle roller bearings 41 (only some of which are shown
in FIG. 1) to provide low friction surfaces between the hinge pin
12 and the hinge plate 38 and between the hinge nut 14 and the
hinge plate 36, and to further maintain the desired pressure
between each of the hinge pin and hinge nut and the respective
cutting blade adjacent thereto.
A locking pawl plate 44 is positioned between the front and rear
hinge plates 36, 38, the locking pawl plate including a hole 46 and
a bearing hole 48 therein similar to that described in reference to
the retaining pawl plate 22 which comprises a portion of the
stationary handle assembly. A locking pawl 50 extends through the
hole 46 and is rotatably fitted in the bearing hole 48. The locking
pawl 50 is biased by a spring 52 (shown in FIG. 2).
The cutter 10 further comprises a stationary cutting blade member
54 and a rachetting cutting blade member 56. The stationary cutting
blade member 54 includes the shaft 24, described above, which is
preferably formed integrally with the stationary cutting blade and
is fitted to the stationary handle 18 to thus form a portion of the
stationary handle assembly. The stationary cutting blade member 54
further includes a cutting surface 58 and a hole 60 therein through
which the hinge pin 12 is inserted coaxially with the holes 40, 42
in the respective front and rear hinge plates 36, 38. The
stationary cutting blade member 54 further comprises a slot 62
having similar dimensions as the slot 37 in the front hinge plate
36, the slot 62 being positioned in the outer periphery of the
stationary cutting blade member adjacent the toothed segment of the
rachetting cutting blade member 56. Additionally, a circular slot
61 extends into the upper surface of the stationary cutting blade
54 and around the hole 60 therein. The slot 61 corresponds to a
like slot 67 in the rachetting cutting blade, with a compression
spring 69 being engaged in both slots 61, 67 when the two cutting
blades 54, 56 are fitted together.
The rachetting cutting blade member 56 includes a cutting surface
64 adapted to cooperate with the cutting surface 58 and provides
the desired cutting action when these two cutting surfaces are
passed with respect to each other. The rachetting cutting blade
member 56 further includes a hole 66 therein through which the
hinge pin 12 extends, and a toothed segment 68 along the outer
periphery thereof. As shown more clearly in FIG. 2, the toothed
segment 68 of the rachetting cutting blade member 56 is positioned
adjacent the slot 62 in the stationary cutting blade member 54,
adjacent the slot 37 in the front hinge plate 36, and the pawls 30,
50 are positioned in each respective hole 26, 46 so as to engage
the toothed segment such that rotation of the rachetting cutting
blade member can only occur in a clockwise direction (as viewed
from the top in FIG. 2) when the pawls are so engaged.
The cutter 10 further includes a stop 33 and a leaf spring 35
affixed along the inside of the rachet handle 34.
Operation of the cutter 10 will now be described with reference to
FIGS. 3 and 4. Noting FIG. 3, a cable or similar material to be cut
is placed between the cutting surfaces 58, 64 and the rachet handle
34 is initially moved away from the stationary handle 18 only to
the extent that the slot 37 is adjacent the pawl 30, such that the
pawl engages the toothed segment 68 and prevents rotation of the
rachetting cutting blade member 56 in the reverse direction. The
locking pawl 50 cams across one, or at most, two teeth of the
toothed segment 68 within the confines of the slot 62. Thus, the
retaining pawl 30, which is offset in the indentation 21,
cooperates with the periphery of the front hinge plate 36 and the
slot 37 therein to only engage the toothed segment 68 during that
portion of the movement when the slot 37 is next adjacent the pawl.
In this manner, the retaining pawl 30 defines an operating range of
handle movement, the purpose of which will be more clearly
described below with reference to the manner in which the jaws are
moved apart after the cutting operation is completed.
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4, the rachet handle 34 is moved
toward the stationary handle 18, causing the locking pawl 50 to
engage one of the teeth of the toothed segment 68 at the front lip
of the slot 62. Continued movement of the rachet handle 34 in the
direction of the stationary handle 18 causes the locking pawl 50 to
rotate the rachetting cutting blade member 56 until the stop 33
comes in contact with the stationary handle 18. During this
movement, the retaining pawl 30 cams across the toothed segment
68.
The cutting operation is continued by successive movements within
the operating range, as described above. During each successive
movement, the spring 69 is further compressed within the slots 61,
67 as the rachetting cutting blade 56 moves across the stationary
cutting blade 54. Noting FIG. 5, when the cutting operation is
completed, the handles 18, 34 are opened to an extent outside of
the operating range, thus disengaging the retaining pawl 30 and
locking pawl 50 from the toothed segment 68 and relieving the
spring 69 which returns the rachetting cutting blade 56 to an open
position. It will also be understood from a review of FIG. 5 that
the spring 69 and the associated slots 61, 67 provides means for
limiting the rotation of the rachetting cutting blade in a
clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 5), since the maximum
compression point of the spring occurs at the ends of the slots 61,
67 and thus prevents further rotation in that manner.
As will be appreciated from the above description, a cutter in
accordance with the present invention employs an arrangement
whereby both handles and cutting blades are pivoted about a common
axis and which employs a dual pawl and rachetting arrangement to
achieve movement of one of the cutting blades with respect to the
other, both the pawls being contained within the tool for safety
purposes. Additionally, means are provided for limiting rotation of
the rachetting cutting blade and returning that blade to an open
position. Accordingly, the cutter 10 of the present invention may
be easily operated with one hand during both the cutting and blade
opening periods.
From a review of FIG. 1, it is also clear that the cutter of the
present invention can be fabricated from high tensile strength flat
stock materials in a commercially feasible manner.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the cutter of the
present invention may be operated with one hand, since movement of
the two handles toward and away from each other within the
operating range is defined by the dimensions of the two slots 37
and 62, and such movements can be maintained with one hand. Once
the cutting operation is completed, the blades are then released by
simply allowing the handles to move apart so as to release both
pawls 30 and 50.
* * * * *