U.S. patent number 3,922,702 [Application Number 05/361,604] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-25 for liquid circulating system for photographic film processing tanks.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Pako Corporation. Invention is credited to Alfred J. Gaskell.
United States Patent |
3,922,702 |
Gaskell |
November 25, 1975 |
Liquid circulating system for photographic film processing
tanks
Abstract
This is a liquid circulating system for film processing tanks
and includes a submerged solution intake manifold located within
the tank and particularly constructed with inlet openings and flow
control elements to cause uniformly concentrated processing
solution to travel along the film path in contact with the film
surface to be processed, said inlet openings also being located in
predetermined spaced apart relation along the film path to draw off
the processing solution immediately after its chemical reaction
with the film strip being transported through the film processing
tank, thus minimizing the dispersion of the products of the
chemical reaction into the main body of processing liquid, the
circulating system may also include means for replenishing the
processing chemical solution withdrawn through the intake manifold
and thereafter recirculating the replenished solution back into the
processing tank.
Inventors: |
Gaskell; Alfred J. (Hopkins,
MN) |
Assignee: |
Pako Corporation (Minneapolis,
MN)
|
Family
ID: |
23422701 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/361,604 |
Filed: |
May 18, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
396/614; 396/620;
396/626; 134/122R; 134/122P |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03D
3/132 (20130101); G03D 3/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03D
3/06 (20060101); G03D 3/13 (20060101); G03D
003/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;95/89R,94R ;134/122
;118/405,419 ;354/321,324,328 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Braun; Fred L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Adams; John W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a photographic film processing tank with processing liquid
therein and including means for transporting a web of film in a
guided film path through said tank;
a system for circulating portions of the film processing liquid in
a predetermined flow path within the tank, said system
comprising
an intake manifold located within the tank and having the major
portion thereof disposed below the surface of the processing liquid
in the tank and including
side wall portions having a plurality of intake openings disposed
in close association to the film path on the emulsion side
thereof,
liquid flow control means within the tank and disposed outside of
said manifold and defining a liquid flow path generally parallel to
and adjacent said film path
the position of the intake openings being such that the liquid is
drawn through said openings at the downstream end of its flow path
to cause the liquid to flow through said flow path in the same
direction of travel as said film,
means for producing negative pressure in the manifold to withdraw
liquid from the tank into the manifold through said openings,
and
means for intorducing the withdrawn liquid back into the processing
tank at a location remote from said flow path.
2. The structure set forth in claim 1 wherein said flow control
means defines a flow path divided into a plurality of vertically
spaced flow control zones and wherein said intake openings are
desposed in a row at the downstream edge of each zone to limit the
contact time between the specific portion of the processing liquid
in contact with the film to each zone and withdraw said specific
liquid along the downstream edge of each zone through said rows of
intake openings.
3. The structure set forth in claim 2 wherein said liquid control
means include a plurality of baffle members respectively provided
in each zone along the guided film path in closely spaced relation
thereto with the rows of intake openings being disposed along the
downstream edge of the respective baffle members.
4. The structure set forth in claim 1 wherein said intake manifold
is removably mounted in said tank and is provided with an outlet
opening having a readily removable seal connection with the suction
side of the introducing means.
5. The structure set forth in claim 2 and a plurality of vertically
spaced power driven sets of film transport rollers defining the
guided film path through the tank and also defining the upper and
lower edges of the respective flow control zones,
each set of rollers consisting in a pair of opposed roller elements
having resilient tangential surface contact therebetween to engage
with a squeegee effect both sides of a strip of film being fed
therethrough to impart driving motion thereto and to squeegee off
the by-products of the chemical reaction between the solution and
the film surface being processed,
the position of the intake openings being in close proximity to the
respective sets of rollers located at the downstream edge of each
zone to draw off the concentration of said reaction by-products and
prevent dispersion of said concentrated by-products into the
portion of the solution in contact with the film surface.
6. The structure set forth in claim 1 wherein the means for
producing negative manifold pressure produces a similar rate of
travel between the liquid in the flow path and the film strip.
7. The structure set forth in claim 1 and means for replenishing
the chemical concentration of the processing liquid.
8. The structure set forth in claim 7 and said replenishing means
including means for injecting replenishing chemical into the
solution flow line between the intake openings and the introducing
means.
Description
It has always been a problem in the processing of photographic film
to provide fresh uniformly active processing liquid to produce a
uniform substantially constant chemical reaction with the surface
of the film to be processed. Previously this has been accomplished
by introducing fresh liquid under positive pressure adjacent the
transfer rollers. That system however localizes the fresh liquid
and produces substantial variations in the chemical concentration
at various areas of contact with the film surface during the film
processing operation and maintains all of the by-products of the
chemical reaction in the main body of the solution in the tank.
The present system is specifically designed to draw off the liquid
immediately after its chemical reacting contact with the film
surface to minimize intermixing of the by-products of the chemical
reaction with the main body of the processing liquid and to permit
replenishment of the chemical reactivity of the withdrawn liquid
before reintroduction back into the main body of liquid, the
location of the inlet openings for drawing off the contaminated
liquid combining with a baffle arrangement to cause fresh
processing liquid from the main body of liquid in the tank to be
circulated along the path of travel of the film through the tank
and at substantially the same speed and in the same direction as
said travel path to produce a minimum of turbulence and agitation
of the liquid when in contact with the surface of the film being
processed.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a circulation
system for film processing liquid specifically designed to maintain
substantially uniform chemical strength throughout the entire
processing tank and to insure uniform non-turbulent contact of
fresh processing liquid with the film surface being processed.
It is another object to provide a liquid circulation system
particularly adapted for use with film developing tanks and, which
is specifically designed to draw off the developer solution
immediately after its chemical reaction with the film surface being
processed to minimize intermixing of the reaction by-products and
thereafter the chemical concentration of the liquid may be
replenished before the same is recirculated back into the main body
of processing liquid in the tank.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide a
circulating system including a number of baffles disposed in
substantially parallel relation to the path of travel of the film
being processed, to cause the processing liquid to travel in a flow
path along the film path, in the same direction and at
substantially the same speed as the film and further to withdraw
the liquid immediately after its processing contact with the film
surface.
These and other objects and advantages of this invention will more
fully appear in the following description made in connection with
the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer
to similar parts throughout the several views, and, in which:
FIG. 1 is a central transverse sectional through a processing tank
and solution circulating system embodying this invention;
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of one end of the film transport
rack provided in the processing tank;
FIG. 3 is a view of the other end of said rack;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through the developer
tank with the rack assembled therein and with portions of the rack
broken away; and,
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view showing a portion
of the circulation system embodied in the developer tank.
The photographic film developing apparatus illustrated in the
accompanying drawings includes three separate tanks 15, 16 and 17
all mounted within a housing 18. The tank 15 contains the developer
chemical liquid. The tank 16 contains the fix liquid and the tank
17 contains the wash water liquid. The film strip is designated by
the numeral 20 as indicated by the dotted lines of FIGS. 1 and 5
and is introduced into the top of the tank 15 through the two sets
of power driven feed rollers 21 best shown in FIG. 1. The developer
tank 15 contains a removable roller rack unit designated as
entirety by the letter "R."
The developer rack R includes a pair of end plates 22 and 23 with a
centrally disposed intake manifold 25 extending therebetween. The
intake manifold includes a pair of spaced apart side panels 26 and
27 and a pair of top and bottom closure members 28 and 29.
In the form shown the manifold is divided into a plurality of
compartments as by the spacer and divider elements 25a and suction
outlets are respectively formed at one end of each compartment as
by the verically spaced conduits 30 best shown in FIG. 4. A
secondary suction manifold 31 receives the liquid delivered through
the outlets 30 and this liquid is withdrawn through a main outlet
opening 32 which is connected to the intake of a circulation pump
33 which in turn delivers the liquid back into the bottom of the
tank 15 through a filter 34 and a conduit 35. A suction conduit 32a
extends from the outlet opening 32 to the intake of the pump 33 and
replenisher fluid is fed into the suction line 32a by any suitable
means such as the stand pipe 36 which receives replenisher fluid
through a supply tube 37. An inlet distribution chamber 15a is
formed in the bottom of the tank 15 by a horizontal separating
baffle plate 38 spaced above the bottom of the tank 15 as by the
depending flange elements 38a best shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. Suitable
means for controlling the temperature of the fluid in the tank are
located in the inlet distribution chamber 15a such as the cooling
coil 39 and the electric heating probes 40 which are
thermostatically controlled in a conventional manner (not
shown).
The film 20 is transported through the tank by a plurality of pairs
or sets of power driven transporting rollers. The intake manifold
25 extends longitudinally through the central portion of the tank
and four sets of such rollers respectively designed by the numerals
41, 42, 43 and 44 are provided on the film entrance side of said
manifold and four sets 45-48 are provided on the film exit side
thereof. These sets of rollers are vertically spaced apart to
provide three separate zones on each side of the manifold 25 along
the film path through the tank 15. The rollers 41-44 on the
entrance side are driven in a direction to transport the film
downwardly from the lead-in rollers 21 and the rollers 45-48 are
driven in a direction to transport the film upwardly on the exit
side of the intake manifold 25. Suitable drive train assemblies are
driven by a drive shaft 49 with worm gears 49a, 49b, 49c and 49d.
The gear wheels of the drive train provide driving rotation to all
of the rollers 41-48 as well as an additional set of rollers 50
which is provided at the bottom of the rack R to assist the film
during its travel across from the entrance side of the partitioning
manifold to the exit side thereof. FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show a
plurality spring elements 22b and 23b at the ends of the outer
roller of each set for maintaining resilient pressure between each
pair of rollers and provide a squeegee action on the film as it
passes through each set of rollers.
Suitable film guides 51 are provided between consecutive sets of
rollers 41 through 48 and additional guides 51a are provided at the
bottom of the rack R.
A plurality of flow control baffle members 52 are mounted in
opposed spaced relation from the guides 51 and extend across
between consecutive sets of rollers as illustrated and each baffle
has a flange 52a along the downstream edge thereof in spaced
relation to the adjacent set of rollers and a flange 52b along the
upstream edge thereof. The space between consecutive sets of
rollers and defined between the respective baffle plates 52 and the
film path will be identified herein as flow control zones. Rows of
openings such as apertures are provided in the side panels 26 and
27 respectively and are located along the downstream edge of each
flow control zone. The row of such apertures at the lower end of
the zone between rollers 41 and 42 is designated by the numeral 53,
the row of apertures between rollers 42 and 43 by the numeral 54
and row of apertures between rollers 43 and 44 by the numeral 55.
On the entrance side of the partitioning manifold 25 these
apertures are disposed at the bottom of the respective zones which
is the downstream edge with respect to the direction of travel of
the film 20. Rows of apertures 56, 57 and 58 are provided in the
side panel 27 at the upper ends of each zone which is also the
downstream edge of each zone with respect to the direction of
travel of the film 20 which is moving upwardly on the exit side of
the manifold.
The entire rack assembly R is shown in FIG. 4 in assembled position
within the tank 15. The rack is removably supported by a pair of
spaced apart support pins 22a fixed in outstanding relation to the
end plate 22. The support pins 22a are received in suitable cradles
15b fixed to the end wall of the tank 15. The other end of the rack
is supported by a grooved supporting lug 23a fixed to end plate 23
and received in a U-shaped notch formed in a bracket 15c fixed to
the other end plate of the tank 15. The position of the spaced pins
22a and of the lug 23a with respect to the cradles 15b and notched
bracket 15c, position the outlet 32 in registration with the
discharge opening provided in the end wall of the tank 15 as best
shown in FIG. 4. The opening 32 has a tapered gasket member 32b
surrounding the same and the tapered portion is received in sealed
relation within the opening formed in the end wall of the tank 15
to which the suction conduit 32a is connected. Since the suction
conduit 32a is under negative pressure the seal between the gasket
32b and the tank is not extremely critical.
Suitable cross-over rollers 59 at the top of tank 15 carry the film
out of the tank and rollers 60 at the top of tank 16 receive the
film strip and direct it downwardly into the fix solution in tank
16. The transport system and circulating system in the fix tank are
of conventional design wherein the fix solution is circulated by a
pump 61 which receives the solution from the top of the tank
through an intake conduit 62 and discharges back into the tank
through a filter 63 and a conduit 64. A temperature control chamber
65 is provided below the bottom of the tank 16 which bottom serves
as a heat exchange panel when water at a controlled temperature is
circulated through the chamber to maintain the fix solution at the
desired temperature. Suitable sets of transport rollers 66 carry
the film through the fix tank and cross-over rollers 67 transport
the film out of the fix tank and into the wash tank 17 where a pair
of rollers 68 direct the film downwardly into the wash tank. The
water from the temperature control chamber 65 is discharged
therefrom into the bottom of the wash tank and a suitable level
control partition 69 serves as a weir to maintain the wash water at
the desired level and permits the discharge thereof through a
discharge chamber 70 and a discharge pipe 71. Suitable sets of
rollers 72 transport the film strip through the wash tank 17. When
the film leaves the wash tank 17 it is transported by suitable
rollers to a dryer (not shown) and final processing.
OPERATION OF THE DEVELOPER CIRCULATION SYSTEM
The pump 33 withdraws liquid into the chambers of the intake
manifold 25 through the rows of apertures 53 through 58 and out
through the outlet tubes 30, secondary manifold 31 and main outlet
opening 32. The replenisher fluid is supplied at the intake of the
pump 33, is thoroughly mixed with the solution being drawn from the
developer tank by the pump impellers and the replenished solution
is discharged through the filter 34 and conduit 35 back into the
tank below the horizontal baffle member 38. The rows of intake
openings combine with the rollers and baffle members to withdraw
the liquid immediately after its contact with the film surface
being developed thus minimizing the dispersion of the reaction
by-products into the main body of the developer fluid and also
preventing accumulation of these byproducts on the surface of the
rollers. The volume of liquid handled by the pump is such that the
rate of travel of the liquid along its flow path in contact with
the film surface is substantially the same as the linear rate of
travel of the film, thus minimizing the turbulence of the liquid
while in contact with the film strip.
It will be seen that I have provided a liquid replenishing and
circulating system particularly adapted for use with film
processing tanks which is particularly designed to produce a liquid
flow path in contact with the film surface which will result in a
minimum of turbulence during such contact and which is specifically
constructed to remove the by-products of the chemical reaction with
the film strip surface after limited contact therewith to minimize
dispersion of said by-products into the main body of the processing
liquid and maintain uniform fresh liquid in contact with the
surface of the film being developed.
It will, of course, be understood that various changes may be made
in the form, details, arrangement and proportions of the parts
without departing from the scope of this invention as set forth in
the appended claims.
* * * * *