U.S. patent number 3,922,477 [Application Number 05/176,171] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-25 for through-wall conductor seal.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Viking Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Anthony A. Glowacz.
United States Patent |
3,922,477 |
Glowacz |
November 25, 1975 |
Through-wall conductor seal
Abstract
A conductor having a plurality of continuous peripheral recesses
is received within a tubular member, the internal surface of which
member is also provided with a number of recesses. Resilient seals
are located in certain, but not all, of the recesses. These seals
are of such dimensions as to extend above the surface or outwardly
of their associated recesses, as the case may be. An encapsulant or
molding material is provided, filling the space between the
conductor and the tubular member. The set-up material compresses
the resilient seals to form in the area of the seals a firm
fluid-tight seal. Also, the material anchors itself to the
conductors via the seal-free recesses. In the event that separation
of the material from the conductor or tubular member occurs during
use, the compressed resilient seals still maintain a hermetic
condition.
Inventors: |
Glowacz; Anthony A.
(Northridge, CA) |
Assignee: |
Viking Industries, Inc.
(Chatsworth, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22643288 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/176,171 |
Filed: |
August 30, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
174/18; 174/23R;
439/271; 439/589; 439/736 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
13/521 (20130101); H01R 13/746 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/52 (20060101); H01R 13/74 (20060101); H01B
017/30 (); H01R 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;174/18,23R,50.52,50.56,50.62,52S,76,77R,142,151,152R,153R ;264/262
;339/94R,94A,94C,94M,126R,218R,218C,218M |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
522,607 |
|
Sep 1953 |
|
BE |
|
1,193,851 |
|
May 1959 |
|
FR |
|
1,548,609 |
|
Oct 1968 |
|
FR |
|
891,782 |
|
Mar 1962 |
|
UK |
|
961,770 |
|
Jun 1964 |
|
UK |
|
Primary Examiner: Askin; Laramie E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Netter, Esq.; George J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A sealed insulated electrical connector emplanted within a wall
separating fluids of considerably different pressures to provide
through-wall connection, comprising:
a hollow metal tube, the inner wall surface of which is formed into
a plurality of continuous longitudinally spaced, circumferential
grooves;
at least one metallic rod extending along the tube bore, said rod
including a plurality of spaced, circumferential grooves;
first resilient annular members received within certain grooves of
said metal tube leaving certain other of said grooves free;
second resilient annular members received within certain of said
metallic rod grooves leaving certain other of said grooves free;
and
a quantity of a rigid, adhesive, insulative material received
within said metal tube filling the space between said inner tube
wall surfaces and said rod and in continuous adhering contact
therewith;
said metal tube with metallic rod and insulative material being
secured within a wall opening with the tube ends being exposed to
different fluid pressures.
2. A sealed insulated electrical connector as in claim 1, in which
the outer surface of the metal tube is deformed inwardly completely
thereabout at regions opposite each first resilient annular member
after said insulative material is received within said tube.
Description
The present invention relates generally to the sealing of
conductors, and, more particularly, to a seal for use with
conductors which pass through a wall separating fluids of
considerably different pressures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are many instances in which it is advisable or necessary to
pass an electrical conductor such as a wire cable or the like
through a wall or partition which separates fluids having
considerably different pressures. Not only is it important to
maintain electrical isolation of the conductor from the wall or
other surrounding members, but it is also necessary to maintain the
proper sealing relation between the disparately pressured fluids to
prevent leakage.
Of the many approaches taken in the past to solve this problem, the
main one adopted has been that of passing the conductor through an
oversize hole formed in the wall or partition and embedding the
conductor within an electrically insulative encapsulant or molding
material. This material secures itself to both the wall through
which the conductor passes and to the conductor, and upon hardening
would desirably maintain the conductor in a spaced condition from
the wall as well as seal both the conductor and wall adjacent the
opening against movement of the pressurized fluids therethrough.
Materials used for this purpose have in the past conventionally
included such things as glass, ceramic, plastic, rubber and
epoxy.
None of these molding materials known to applicant when used alone
has been entirely successful for this purpose, primarily in view of
the problem presented through the difference in temperature
coefficients of expansion of the walls, which are usually metal,
the conductor which is also metal, and the molding material. That
is, on subjecting the entire assembly to a substantial temperature
change, the encapsulant will expand (or contract) at a different
rate from that of the wall and conductor, causing the insulating
material to break loose from either, or both, the wall and
conductor, and create a break in the seal.
The most common material for attempting to produce an hermetic seal
about a conductor is glass. That is, a glass frit is placed about
the conductor in a containing tube and fused to provide the desired
electrical insulation and also effect a seal with the conductor to
prevent fluid passage. However, the coefficient of expansion for
glass differs sufficiently from most metals that on extended range
temperature use and pressure cycling there is a tendency for the
conductor to pull away from the glass or the glass cracks, in
either case breaking the seal.
In still other approaches to hermetically sealing a conductor in a
through-wall construction, use has been made of such things as
O-rings, which are received about the conductor and compressingly
engage the wall surfaces defining the opening when the conductor
with O-ring is received therein. This type of seal is satisfactory
for relatively low pressure differentials and moderate temperature
range applications, however, it is completely unsatisfactory for
high temperature or a high pressure differential situation in that
the O-ring may be either destroyed through direct contact with the
high temperature fluids or forced from engagement with either the
conductor or the wall by the direct action of the higher pressure
fluid.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to
provide an improved sealing structure for a conductor passing
through a wall which is operative over a broad range of temperature
without losing its sealing qualities.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a
through-wall conductor seal which is effective even where the
coefficients of expansion of the various parts produce
separation.
Yet another object of the invention is the provision of a
through-wall conductor seal having a molded insulating body
maintaining the conductor and walls in a fixed spaced relation and
a resilient sealing member separating portions of the conductor
from the body and the body from the wall.
Yet another object of the invention is the provision of a
through-wall conductor seal as described in the above objects
having a resilient sealing member that is maintained in compression
by molded insulating material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the practice of the present invention the
conductor (or conductors) to pass through the wall is provided with
a plurality of continuous peripheral recesses extending completely
thereabout. A tubular member is received within the wall opening
and affixed to the wall in conventional manner, e.g., welding, the
internal surface of which member is also provided with a plurality
of continuous recesses or grooves. The conductor is then located
centrally within the tubular member and an elastomer or other
resilient, compressible sealing means are located in the recesses
of the tubular member and in certain, but not all, of the recesses
of the conductors. These resilient sealing means are of such
dimensions as to extend above the surface or outwardly of their
associated recesses. Next, a quantity of molten encapsulant or
insulating material is provided in the space between the conductor
and the tubular member, completely filling the space and which on
setting up seals itself to both the interior wall of the tube and
the exterior surface of the conductor.
The set-up material compresses the resilient sealing means, thereby
forming in the area of the sealing means a firm fluid-tight seal.
Also, the insulating material anchors itself to the conductors via
the recesses not provided with sealing means. In the event that
some separation of the insulation material occurs during extended
temperature and/or pressurized operation, either between the
material and the tubular member of the material and conductor, the
compressed resilient sealing means still maintain the required
hermetic seal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pair of conductors and a
container modified in accordance with this invention prior to
assembly for through-wall use.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pair of conductors
and container of FIG. 1 shown fully assembled.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, sectional, fragmentary view taken through a
resilient seal in the assembly of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 of the drawings depicts a pair of electrical conductors 10
and 11 which are to be assembled within a container 12 in a manner
described herein for mounting in a wall. That is, in accordance
with this invention the conductors 10 and 11 are for establishing
electrical connection through the wall and in such manner that a
hermetic seal is maintained in the wall region through which the
conductors pass that can withstand very high fluid pressure
differentials, e.g., 50,000 pounds per square inch.
In particular, each conductor includes a rodlike body of circular
cross-section having a plurality of recesses or undercuts 14
extending completely about the conductor of generally cylindrical
shape. The conductor may also include one or more further undercuts
15 extending completely about the conductor periphery and having a
curved section. The purpose of these undercuts will be described
later.
The ends of the conductors terminate in suitable electrical
connection means such as the male jacks 16 or the female
connections 17 for effecting interconnection with other electrical
equipment or circuitry.
The container 12 is essentially a hollow, metal, openended
cylindrical member. The internal surface of the container is formed
into continuous recesses or grooves 18 and 19 of curved and
rectangular cross-section, respectively. The external container
surface has a plurality of pressure grooves 20 formed therein by
rolling for example, each such groove being located diametrically
opposite a corresponding inner groove 18 and 19 for a purpose to be
described.
Turning now to FIG. 2 and the assembly of the conductor
through-wall seal, the conductors are initially arranged in
predetermined, spaced parallelism by inserting, say, the jack ends
into openings 21 of a jig 22. Annular sealing members 23 are fitted
onto the conductors and reside in the curved grooves 15. Similarly,
other sealing members 24 of rectangular section are received within
certain undercuts 14. Each conductor has one or more undercuts 14
and 15 which are left free of either sealing means 23 or 24 as
indicated by reference numeral 25 for anchoring as will be more
fully described.
Both toroidal shaped sealing means 23 and cylindrical sealing means
24 are described as used. It is to be understood, however, that
these are merely representative and that all such sealing means may
be optionally toroidal, cylindrical or other shape. An important
aspect of these sealing means for satisfactory operation here is
that they be of generally annular shape and of such dimensions that
they are fittingly received in the undercuts or recesses 14 and 15
or slightly in tension.
Certain of the internal recesses or grooves 18 and 19 of container
12 are fitted with appropriately dimensioned annular sealing means
26 and 27 of circular and rectangular cross-section, respectively.
As in the case of the conductors, certain other recesses are left
free of sealing means, such as the recess 28, for example. The
container is then received onto the outwardly extending conductors
and is maintained with its sidewalls spaced from the conductors and
its one end abutting against the flat face 29 of jig 22.
A molten, fused or otherwise liquefied encapsulant or insulating
molding material 30 is provided through the open container end 31
by pouring or under pressure, filling the space between the
conductors and the inner container wall. On setting up, the
insulating material secures the conductors within the container
both by direct adhesion of the encapsulant to the metal surfaces
and the locking or anchoring afforded by the recesses 25 and 28
which do not contain sealing means. In addition, the hardened
material compresses the various sealing means 23, 24, 26 and 27
generally flattening them in a plane transversely of the shell long
dimension (FIG. 3).
The pressure grooves 20 are formed on the container exterior
directly opposite the internal recesses by forcingly gripping the
container with a circular crimping tool, for example. As shown, the
grooves completely encircle the container, which serves to further
compress the sealing means 26 and 27 throughout their full
extent.
In use, the completely assembled conductors 10 and 11, secured
within the container 12 by the body of hardened insulating material
are removed from the jig 22 and emplanted within the wall in any
conventional manner, e.g., welding. During normal operation
pressurized fluids at either side of the wall are prevented from
passing along the surfaces of the conductors or along the container
inner wall by insulation adhesion. In the event that the insulation
material separates from either the container or the conductors, the
compressed sealing means still maintains a hermetic seal. In fact,
as seen best in FIG. 3, even a relatively large amount of
separation can occur and although the sealing means compression
will be relaxed somewhat, there is still a sufficient amount to
insure a satisfactory fluid seal.
Although other materials may be found satisfactory for use as a
sealing means, best results to date have been obtained by the use
of high temperature, flexible elastomers. These materials are not
only sufficiently flexible and resilient that they may be
compressed for the purposes described herein, but also can
withstand temperatures in excess of 500.degree. F. which are
encountered in the use of many plastic encapsulants or molding
materials.
The embodiment described herein has been particularly set forth as
comprising conductors mounted in an insulating body contained wthin
a metal container. However, in certain circumstances the container
can be eliminated and the conductors provided with the described
sealing means and undercuts or recesses and directly sealed within
a wall opening via the insulating body. That is, where the wall
material is of such construction that its coefficient of thermal
expansion is not too dissimilar from that of the molded insulating
material so that mutual expansions of the wall and insulating
material over the operational temperature range and when subjected
to pressure differentials will not break the seal therebetween.
Units consutrcted in accordance with the present invention have
been found to provide through-wall connections having hermetic
sealing for an extreme differential fluid pressure with leakage on
the order of less than 0.01 micron cubic feet/hour. Such units on
being subjected to extreme temperature cycling, humidity, pressure,
thermal, and physical shocks, saturated steam, vibration and
corrosive atmospheres were still found to provide satisfactory
hermetic sealing.
* * * * *