U.S. patent number 3,922,213 [Application Number 05/517,326] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-25 for method and apparatus for uniformly electrocoating the interior of a shaped metal container.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Aluminum Company of America. Invention is credited to John J. Davidson, David A. Smith, Steven C. Smith.
United States Patent |
3,922,213 |
Smith , et al. |
November 25, 1975 |
Method and apparatus for uniformly electrocoating the interior of a
shaped metal container
Abstract
A shaped metal container such as a can is uniformly
electrocoated in an inverted position by the insertion of an
electrically conducting nozzle therein through which coating
material may flow into the interior of the container while an
electrical potential is maintained between the container and the
nozzle. The nozzle is shaped to direct flow of the material into
the corners of the container as the nozzle is inserted and to
maintain a transient bath type mode after the nozzle is inserted
into the container. Coating material is delivered at a flow rate
which permits the can to remain full in an inverted position. When
the nozzle is removed the container empties without further
mechanical operations.
Inventors: |
Smith; David A. (Pittsburgh,
PA), Smith; Steven C. (Arlington, MA), Davidson; John
J. (New Kensington, PA) |
Assignee: |
Aluminum Company of America
(Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
24059349 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/517,326 |
Filed: |
October 23, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
204/479;
204/625 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C25D
13/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C25D
13/14 (20060101); C25D 13/12 (20060101); C25D
013/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;204/181,299EC |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Williams; Howard S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Taylor, Esq.; John P.
Claims
Having thus described our invention, what is claimed is:
1. A process for uniformly electrocoating the interior of a shaped
metal container which comprises:
a. inverting the container;
b. inserting into the inverted container an electrically conducting
nozzle;
c. flowing coating material through said nozzle into the interior
of said container at a flow rate sufficient to fill the container;
and
d. simultaneously imposing an electrical potential between said
container and said nozzle to cause said coating to electrocoat the
interior of said container interior.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the configuration of said nozzle
with respect to the configuration of said container permits said
flowing of coating material through said nozzle into said container
to create a flooded condition between said container and said
nozzle to provide a transient bath.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the outer configuration of said
nozzle is in substantial conformity with the inner configuration of
said container to provide a uniform spacing therebetween.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein said flow of coating and said
imposition of an electrical potential between said nozzle and said
container is discontinued prior to the buildup of a coating
thickness sufficient to limit further electrocoating.
5. A process for uniformly electrocoating the interior of a shaped
metal container which comprises:
a. inverting the container;
b. inserting into the inverted container an electrically conducting
nozzle:
1. said nozzle having a configuration with respect to the
configuration of said container which permits said flowing of
coating material through said nozzle into said container to create
a flooded condition between said container and said nozzle to
provide a transient bath; and
2. said nozzle having outer configuration in substantial conformity
with the inner configuration of said container to provide a uniform
spacing therebetween;
c. flowing coating material through said nozzle into the interior
of said container at a flow rate sufficient to flood the interior
of the container;
d. simultaneously imposing an electrical potential between said
container and said nozzle to cause said coating to electrocoat said
container interior; and
e. discontinuing said flow of coating and said imposition of an
electrical potential between said nozzle and said container prior
to buildup of a coating thickness sufficient to limit further
electrocoating.
6. An apparatus for uniformly electrocoating the interior of a
shaped metal container which comprises:
a. means for retaining said container in an inverted position;
b. means for coating the interior of said container, said means
including an electrically conducting nozzle insertable into said
container, said nozzle having a passageway therein adapted to flow
coating material into said container;
c. means for simultaneously imposing an electrical potential
between said container and said nozzle to cause said coating
material to electrocoat said container interior; and
d. means for discontinuing said flow of coating and said imposition
of an electrical potential between said nozzle and said container
prior to buildup of a coating thickness sufficient to limit further
electrocoating.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the configuration of said
nozzle with respect to the configuration of said container permits
said flowing of coating material through said nozzle into said
container to create a flooded condition between said container and
said nozzle to provide a transient bath.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the nozzle size is
preselected with respect to the container size so that the
difference between the inside cross-sectional area of said
container and the outside cross-sectional area of said nozzle does
not vary from the cross-sectional area of the nozzle bore by more
than about 3 times the bore area.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein a substantial portion of the
sidewall of said nozzle is in substantial conformity with said
container adjacent said nozzle sidewall to provide a uniform
spacing therebetween.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein at least one means to restrict
the flow of the electrocoating from said inverted container is
provided.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said means to restrict the
flow of said electrocoating material is an inwardly directed
projection on said container.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said means to restrict the
flow of said electrocoating material from said container is an
O-ring carried by said nozzle adjacent the end of said container.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the coating of a container. More
particularly, this invention relates to electrocoating the interior
of a shaped metal container.
The interior of containers such as cans or the like are usually
coated with a material which will protect the contents of the
container from reaction with the metal and conversely protect the
metal from any attack by the contents. Usually, such materials are
applied as sprays or the like using conventional paints having
organic solvents therein. This requires preliminary cleaning of the
container as well as subsequent drying to remove any liquid
remaining from the rinsing portion of the cleaning operation.
Furthermore some conventional coating systems require a
pretreatment or a conversion coating of the metal, while others
result in an uneven coating thickness and, in most instances, such
coatings require solvent disposal for organic materials evolved in
the coating during drying and baking.
Electrocoating type techniques for coating surfaces are, of course,
known in the art. Usually, however, these involve immersion into a
bath of coating material and such techniques are therefore not
conducive to high speed production lines such as may be found in,
for example, can making equipment. Furthermore, electrocoating
processes normally rely on the insulating effect of the buildup of
coated material on the surface of the article to ensure uniform
coating. That is, the material continues to deposit on the surface
of the article until a sufficiently thick insulating layer is built
up across the entire surface. This coating buildup, again, takes a
finite period of time which is longer than that which would be
desirable in a high speed production line.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a system for
electrocoating the interior of a container which is suitable for
use in high speed production lines. This and other objects of the
invention will be apparent from the drawings and description of the
invention.
In accordance with the invention, a system is provided for
uniformly electrocoating the interior of a shaped metal object
which comprises inverting the container, inserting into the
container an electrically conducting nozzle, flowing coating
material through said nozzle into the interior of the container at
a rate which permits the container to remain full in an inverted
position, and simultaneously imposing an electrical potential
between the container and the nozzle to cause the coating to
electrocoat the interior of the container.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view partly in cross section of the system
of the invention.
FIG. 1A is a top sectional view of a portion of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 2 to 4 are cross sectional views illustrating in step-wise
manner the insertion of the nozzle into the container and the flow
pattern of the coating material as it flows through the nozzle into
the container.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention a container such as the can
illustrated at 2 in FIG. 1, is coated by the insertion therein of a
coating nozzle 20. Can 2 is retained in an inverted position by a
can holder 10 which comprises a U-shaped portion as best seen in
FIG. 1A. The can is retained against the U-shaped portion by a
restraining rod 12 which, on an assembly line, is moved against can
2 by suitable means 14 which may be an air cylinder or the
like.
An anode assembly 30 is positioned above can 2 having an electrical
contact portion 32 thereon. The anode assembly is electrically
connected to the positive terminal of a power supply 40 which, in
the illustrative embodiment, may be a battery or the like. After
can 2 is positioned in can holder 10, suitable means 34, which may
be an air cylinder or the like, moves the electrode contact portion
32 down into contact with the bottom portion of the exterior of can
2 to provide electrical contact thereto.
Coating nozzle 20 comprises a cylindrical conducting member having
a center bore 22 therein through which coating material may flow.
The coating material is pumped by pump 54 via conduits 52 and 56
from a tank 50 which is illustrated as positioned beneath the
nozzle.
The external diameter of the coating nozzle 20 is selected, as best
illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4, to be slightly less than the interior
diameter of the can to be coated. In a preferred embodiment, the
difference between the external diameter of the nozzle and the
internal diameter of the can to be coated at the closest point
between the nozzle and the can is chosen to provide a cross
sectional area which does not vary greatly from the cross sectional
area of nozzle bore 22, for example not more than about 3 times the
bore area. This permits the creation of a satellite or transient
bath within can 2 to be achieved by a sufficient flow rate of
coating into the can without the use of an unduly large pump
resulting in a flooded condition thus permitting the entire
interior surface of the can to be bathed and in constant contact
with coating material. Alternatively, the desired flow rate may be
achieved by increasing the fluid pressure in those instances where
the nozzle bore is considerably smaller. Flow restriction means, as
will be described in more detail below can also be used adjacent
the exiting space between the nozzle and the can to achieve the
desired flooded conditions by control of the exit flow rate.
Thus in a given instance wherein a 2.687 inch diameter can was
coated with a 2 inch diameter nozzle, the nozzle orifice was 0.60
sq. in. and the difference between the nozzle cross-sectional area
and that of the can at the point of the neck was 1.62 sq. in. With
this difference in cross-sectional areas it was possible to
maintain the can in a full condition with a flow rate of about 1
quart per second with about a 10 psi head.
Nozzle 20 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of
power supply 40 to complete the circuit from can 2 through anode
assembly 30 and power supply 40 via a relay 44. Simultaneous with
the lowering of anode assembly 30 onto the external surface of can
2, nozzle 20 is raised by an appropriate means such as an air
cylinder 24 to a point of insertion into the interior of can 2. As
nozzle 20 enters can 2, relay 44 is activated by a control means 74
and the electrical circuit is completed and the pump 54 activated
to begin flowing of coating material through bore 22 into the
interior of the container. This increases the coating time by using
the time required for full insertion of the nozzle into the
interior of can 2 to permit coating of the interior of the can to
commence. Alternatively, completion of the electrical circuit can
be delayed until full insertion of the nozzle into the can, if
desired.
Activation of air cylinders 14, 24 and 34 as well as relay 44 and
pump 54 are all controlled by a control means 74 depicted in block
form. Control means 74 may comprise a computer or an
electro-mechanical device such as timing motor equipped with a
series of cams which mechanically activate relays. Such automation
control means are well known to those skilled in the art and form
no part of the instant invention.
As best seen again in FIG. 3, this initial commencing of the
coating is prior to the establishment of what might be termed a
fully flooded or bath-like condition as best seen in FIG. 4. As
shown in FIG. 3, the area denoted at 46 are air pockets which are
created by the shape of the nozzle 20. Nozzle 20 is provided with a
concave-like surface 26 at the end thereof which terminates in a
sharp circular edge 28 to direct the flow of coating material to
the corner portions 4 of can 2. These portions, in the particular
configuration of the can which is illustrated, would normally be
the most difficult to coat because of the normal flow patterns as
well as their spacing electrically from the end of the nozzle. By
providing the sharp end pointedness of the nozzle 28 the throwing
power of the bath to the corner portions 4 of the can are
increased. Furthermore, by directing the flow of coating material
via the concave portion 26 the flow of coating material to the end
6 of can 2 as well as to the corner portions 4 and the sidewalls 8
all portions of the can to be coated are provided with constant
supply of coating material which does not deplete with the coating
or plating out of the material as would be true of a static bath
with no agitation or flowing of the liquid coating material. Air
pockets are also avoided or eliminated by the flowing liquid which
sweeps out any bubbles formed.
In the illustrated embodiment, can 2 is provided with an inner
necked portion 9 adjacent the end of the can wall 8. This necked
portion 9 is placed on the can to permit subsequent attachment of
an end or lid to the can without increasing the overall diameter of
the can at the seam or chime to facilitate close stacking. While we
do not wish to be bound by any theory of operation, it appears that
the neck 9 may provide a restraint for the flow of the material
which assists in the maintenance of a bath-like condition as shown
in FIG. 4 by decreasing the exit flow rate. While it is recognized
that not all containers will have such a neck-like portion 9, this
condition, if found to be desirable in other applications, may be
simulated or duplicated by the provision of annular groove adjacent
the bottom portion of the outer surface of nozzle 20. Such a groove
could then be provided with an O-ring which would provide a similar
restriction in the overall cross sectional area between the outside
diameter of the O-ring and the inner diameter of the container to
be coated. Such a construction would result in an additional
benefit by the provision of electrical insulation at the point of
closest proximity between can and nozzle thus protecting against
any inadvertent shorting as well as inhibiting excessive build-up
of coating thickness at that point.
In operation then, nozzle 20 is raised into the interior of can 2,
the coating material flows from tank 50 via conduits 52 and 56 by
the action of pump 54 and, as material flows out of nozzle 20 into
the interior of can 2 and down along the outer sidewalls 8 of can 2
to exit from the bottom of can 2. As the material flows out of can
2 it is caught in a catch basin 58 from which it flows via conduit
60 back into tank 50. Thus, very little of the coating material is
wasted. In one embodiment the sidewalls of catch basin 58 may
extend above the bottom of can 2 to provide a weir effect to insure
coating of the bottom and end edge surface of the can.
After an increment as short as 1/2 second the nozzle is retractd
from can 2 via air cylinder 24 or the like, the material may still
be permitted to flow, however, from nozzle 20 into can 2 as long as
a portion of nozzle 20 is still inside can 2. Likewise, the current
path is maintained between can 2 and nozzle 20 by maintaining anode
assembly 30 in contact with the can until after cessation of the
flow of electrocoating material. In this manner the coating time is
extended to include the portions of time or increments of time
required to both insert and retract the nozzle respectively into
and out of can 2. This permits the uniform application of a
sufficient amount of electrocoating material while permitting the
coating operation to be carried out on a high speed coating line.
For example, the nozzle and holder assembly 10 may be placed on a
large conveyor belt or circular type of coating station provided
with a plurality of such nozzles and holders, thus permitting a
number of cans to be coated simultaneously as they move in circular
fashion about a portion of the wheel containing the nozzle. Such
arrangements are of course well known to those skilled in the art
and are well known for use for example not only in the coating of
containers but in the filling and sealing of such containers.
It should be noted here that, while as is stated above, normal
coating techniques rely upon the buildup of a sufficient layer of
coating on the wall or surface of the article to be coated to
provide a uniform coating thereon by the creation of a sufficient
and uniform insulation to provide a limiting film thickness, the
present invention envisions the uniform application of a coating
which may well be less than that which would provide such a
limiting film thickness. However, the particular design of the
nozzle and the flow pattern which is created thereby as well as the
shape of the nozzle with regard to the shaped configuration of the
can assists in the application of a uniform coating without the
need to rely on the insulating properties of the deposited coating
material. Thus, the nozzle may be withdrawn, the flow of coating
shut off, and the electrical potential shut off by respective
activation of cylinder 24, pump 54, and relay 44 to discontinue the
coating of the container prior to the buildup of a sufficient
thickness of coating to inhibit further electrocoating.
Thus, by the creation of a satellite or transient bath,
applications have avoided the necessity for immersing the entire
container into a coating bath wherein a certain amount of coating
material would be deposited -- and therefore wasted -- on the outer
surface of the container thus conserving coating material as well
as permitting the coating station to be a part of a high speed
production line used in forming and processing of cans or other
containers or the like. Exotic and potentially slow mechanisms for
emptying cans immersed in a bath are obviated. Furthermore, the
flowing coating eliminates air pockets and assists in the formation
of a uniform film on the container.
* * * * *