U.S. patent number 3,922,105 [Application Number 05/443,094] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-25 for paving slab having spot glued blocks.
Invention is credited to Hans Bolli.
United States Patent |
3,922,105 |
Bolli |
November 25, 1975 |
Paving slab having spot glued blocks
Abstract
A concrete paving slab formed of a number of individual spaced
blocks connected together by drops of flexible synthetic resin
adhesive. The adhesive drops are normally located midway between
the top and bottom of the blocks and extend between the sides of
the blocks. Recesses may be formed in the sides of the blocks,
extending from the top part way down the sides, with the adhesive
drops extending between the bottoms of the recesses, and cables may
be laid in the joints and adhered to the adhesive. The composite
slab can be handled and laid as a unit, and the joints filled with
sand or mortar.
Inventors: |
Bolli; Hans (CH-6005 Lucerne,
CH) |
Family
ID: |
23759397 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/443,094 |
Filed: |
February 15, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
404/34 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01C
5/00 (20130101); E02B 3/123 (20130101); E01C
5/06 (20130101); E01C 2201/165 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02B
3/12 (20060101); E01C 5/00 (20060101); E01C
5/06 (20060101); E01C 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;404/34,39 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stein; Mervin
Assistant Examiner: Hawkins; Steven
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Maley; Frank C.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A paving slab comprising a plurality of individual blocks spaced
apart from each other in a predetermined pattern, adjacent blocks
of said slab having opposed side edges, said opposed side edges
having opposed recesses therein, said recesses extending at right
angles to the plane of said slab and extending from the tops of
said blocks to locations above the bottoms of said blocks, said
blocks being spot connected to each other by a flexible adhesive,
said adhesive extending between the bottoms of opposed
recesses.
2. A paving slab according to claim 1 wherein said adhesive is a
synthetic resin.
3. A paving slab according to claim 1 and including cables laid in
the spaces between said blocks, said cables being adhered to said
adhesive.
4. A paving slab according to claim 1 and including a plurality of
cables laid in the spaces between said blocks, said cables being of
plastic or steel.
5. A paving slab according to claim 1 wherein said blocks are
formed of concrete.
6. A paving slab according to claim 1 wherein said blocks are
formed of concrete, said slab being of length between 0.3 and 1.5
meters and of width between 0.3 and 1.5 meters, said blocks being
between 6 and 40 in number.
7. A paving slab comprising a plurality of individual blocks spaced
apart from each other in a predetermined pattern, adjacent blocks
of said slab having opposed side edges, each side edge having an
upper portion and a lower portion, said upper and lower portions
each extending at right angles to the plane of said slab, the
spacing between opposed upper portions being greater than the
spacing between opposed lower portions, each side edge also having
a transverse connecting portion connecting said upper and lower
portions of such side edge, said connecting portions of adjacent
slabs being opposed, said blocks spot connected to each other by a
flexible adhesive, said adhesive extending between said opposed
transverse connecting portions.
8. A paving slab according to claim 7 wherein said upper portions
of said opposed side edges of said blocks have opposed recesses
therein, said recesses extending at right angles to the plane of
said slab and extending from the top of said blocks to said
transverse connecting portions, said transverse connecting portions
thereby defining the bottoms of said recesses, said adhesive
extending between the bottoms of opposed recesses.
Description
This invention relates to a slab, made out of a plurality of
individual blocks, for road surfaces.
Concrete slabs or blocks are manufactured and laid individually in
a very wide variety of forms. The transportation, stacking, and
laying of individual blocks consumes a considerable amount of time
and is therefore costly. It has therefore been proposed to combine
individual blocks into larger slabs at the manufacturer's plant. To
this end, the individual blocks have in the past been placed on a
plastic mat and then glued to this mat and to another mat placed on
top of the blocks. This holds the blocks together so that they do
not slide in relation to each other during transportation and
laying. However, after the slabs have been laid to form a road
surface, the top plastic mat must be removed. Apart from the fact
that this involves a considerable amount of waste, these slabs are
costly and require additional labour after they have been laid.
It is the purpose of the invention to produce a slab made up of a
plurality of individual blocks, which is inexpensive to
manufacture, has the necessary strength for transporting, storing,
and laying, and in which the elements holding the slab together do
not have to be removed after laying. The slab of the invention may
be used for road surfaces, embankments, or for other appropriate
paving applications.
According to the invention, this purpose is accomplished by forming
the slab of individual blocks and by spot-connecting the individual
blocks together with an adhesive, preferably a synthetic resin
adhesive. The slabs are produced by laying the individual blocks in
the desired arrangement and then joining them together with
individual drops of synthetic resin. These drops of resin may be
applied automatically in a single operation.
In order to improve the adhesion of the synthetic resin to the
blocks, the side walls of the blocks may be provided, at specific
intervals, with recesses located at right angles to the plane of
the slab, the said recesses preferably extending over only a part
of the height of each block.
If large slabs are to be produced, or if the slabs are made up of
very heavy individual blocks, it is desirable to lay cables in the
longitudinal and transverse joints in the slab formed by the
blocks, the said cables being glued in place with synthetic resin.
The said cables may be of plastic or steel.
The slabs, made up according to the invention out of individual
blocks, are not only easier to transport and lay, but also have the
advantage of being held together more firmly after they have been
laid.
The invention is described hereinafter in greater detail, with the
aid of the examples of embodiment illustrated in the drawing,
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a slab made up out a plurality of
individual blocks;
FIG. 2 is a section along the line II--II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross section through a slab according to the
invention, showing cables laid in the joints;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of another type of slab according to the
invention;
FIG. 5 is a section along the line V--V in FIG. 4.
The slab illustrated in FIG. 1, and marked 1 as a whole, consists
of 12 individual blocks 2 joined together by means of drops 5 of
synthetic resin injected into longitudinal joints 3 and transverse
joints 4. As shown in FIG. 2, these drops of resin join blocks 2
together at about half the height of each block.
Typically the slab 1 will range between 0.3 and 1.5 meters in
length and in width and will contain between 6 and 40 joined
blocks. The individual joined blocks are typically of the following
dimensions:
length -- 8-25 cm.
width -- 8-25 cm.
thickness -- 4-12 cm.
weight -- 4-12 pounds.
The synthetic resin used to glue the blocks 2 together is flexible,
so that it can yield eventually if the surface on which the blocks
are laid should shift. Two kinds of synthetic resin which have been
used successfully for this purpose are:
1. type Ipacollan D160 two component plastic glue, produced by
Isar-Rakoll Chemie Gmbht, of Munich, West Germany,
2. type Bostik 33 two component plastic glue, produced by Bostik
Gmbht, of Oberursel, West Germany
The location of the synthetic resin can be at the top or bottom of
the blocks or half way between the top and bottom as shown. If the
synthetic resin drops are near the tops of the blocks, the mobility
of the bottoms of the blocks will be at a maximum. Conversely, if
the resin drops are at the bottoms of the blocks, the mobility of
the tops of the blocks will be maximized. Therefore, the location
of the synthetic resin drops will be chosen depending on the
mobility of the surface on which the blocks are laid, but as shown,
the synthetic resin drops will normally be located about half way
up the height of the blocks.
The material from which the blocks 2 are made can be concrete,
ceramic or plastic, but the normal and preferred material is
concrete. The number and cross-sectional area of the synthetic
resin drops is chosen so that the complete slab can be picked up by
two of its edges, and subjected to normal handling, but so that the
drops will yield after the blocks are laid and loaded (e.g. by
traffic or by stationary items such as benches) if the ground is
uneven beneath the blocks. The strength of the synthetic resin drop
joints is chosen so that the drops will yield, and if necessary
break, before the blocks 2 break.
If desired, additional or larger drops of synthetic resin can be
used to connect corner and edge blocks in the slab 1 to adjacent
blocks then are used for interior blocks (since corner blocks only
have two sides connected to other blocks and edge blocks only have
three such sides, while interior blocks are connected on all four
sides to adjacent blocks). Thus, for example, the drops marked 5a
in FIG. 1 (and the corresponding drops used for the other corner
and edge blocks) may be made twice the size of the other drops 5.
This will ensure that the joints which hold the corner and edge
blocks in the slab are at least as strong as those for the interior
blocks, to facilitate handling the slab.
Reference is next made to FIG. 3, which is a cross-section of the
same slab 1 as that shown in FIG. 2, except that cables 6 have been
laid in the transverse and longitudinal joints 3, 4. The cables 6
may be of plastic or steel; typically they are either nylon or
steel coated with zinc. The cables 6 rest on and are glued to the
drops 5 of synthetic resin and impart increased strength to the
slab 1. This arrangement can be used when slabs of very large
dimensions, or heavy individual blocks, are used, and it imparts
additional strength to the joints between the blocks.
Reference is next made to FIGS. 4 and 5, which shows a slab 1'
having individual blocks 7 separated by joints or spaces 3', 4'.
The slab 1' is the same as the slab 1 except that the side edges of
individual blocks 7 have arcuate recesses 8 running at right angles
to the plane of the slab. These recesses extend from the top of
slab 7 to about half the height thereof. The recesses 8 have
several advantages. Firstly, they facilitate locating the resin
drops 5' about half way up the height of the blocks, since the
bottoms of the recesses act as supporting surfaces for the resin
drops. Secondly, the bottoms of the recesses have a fairly large
surface area which allows the resin drop 5' to stick better without
increasing the thickness (i.e. the height) of the resin drops.
In addition, in FIGS. 4 and 5 it will be seen that the width of the
top parts of the joints 3', 4' is greater than that of the bottom
parts of these joints. This wider spacing between the blocks 7 is
more attractive visually than a narrow spacing, but the narrower
spacing between the bottoms of the joints reduces the distance
which the resin drops must bridge, increasing the strength of the
joints.
In the FIGS. 4 and 5 embodiment, cables 6 are shown glued to the
drops of resin 5', as in the FIG. 3 embodiment, but it will be
understood that the cables 6 will be used only when particularly
high strength is required.
The slab of the invention may be used to pave road surfaces,
embankments, or other appropriate surfaces, and will normally be
laid in a bed of sand, mortar or concrete. After laying, the spaces
between the blocks will usually be filled with sand or mortar.
Should the supporting surface shift, the glue drops will yield or
break before the blocks themselves break, so that although the
mortar between the blocks may require replacement, the blocks
themselves will remain intact.
* * * * *