U.S. patent number 3,921,857 [Application Number 05/419,966] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-25 for non-spitting liquid dispensing device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ciba-Geigy Corporation. Invention is credited to Pasquale R. Riccio.
United States Patent |
3,921,857 |
Riccio |
November 25, 1975 |
Non-spitting liquid dispensing device
Abstract
A device for dispensing a spray of fine droplets of liquid in
gas. The device has a dispenser body, with an aspirating nozzle
opening out of the body and having a central through passage and
lateral passages opening into the through passage. The dispenser
body also has a supply chamber therein to which the lateral
passages are connected. A source of liquid to be dispensed is
operatively associated with the dispenser body and the dispenser
body has a valved product flow path therethrough from the source of
liquid to the supply chamber. A source of gas under pressure is
also operatively associated with the body and the body has a
branched compressed gas flow path therethrough from the source of
gas under pressure to the central through passage of the nozzle and
to the supply chamber.
Inventors: |
Riccio; Pasquale R. (Salem,
NH) |
Assignee: |
Ciba-Geigy Corporation
(Ardsley, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23664512 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/419,966 |
Filed: |
November 29, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/145.5;
222/631; 239/357 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01F
11/32 (20130101); B65D 83/60 (20130101); B05B
11/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
11/06 (20060101); B65D 83/14 (20060101); G01F
11/32 (20060101); G01F 11/00 (20060101); B67D
005/54 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/129,145,193,398,401,402,387
;239/308,317,350,357,418,365,366,367 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Rolla; Joseph J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wenderoth, Lind & Ponack
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A device for dispensing a spray of the fine droplets of liquid
in gas, comprising a dispenser body, said dispenser body having a
nozzle means opening out of said body and having a central Venturi
passage therethrough and lateral passages opening into said Venturi
passage, said dispenser body having an annular mixing chamber
around said central passage to which said lateral passages are
connected, a source of liquid to be dispensed having means for
mechanically pressurizing said liquid and operatively associated
with said dispenser body valve means controlling dispensing of
liquid from said source; said dispenser body having a product flow
conduit therethroug from said valve means for said source of liquid
to said annular mixing chamber and a source of gas under pressure
and opening axially into the central Venturi passage of said nozzle
means, and a branch compressed gas flow conduit branching from said
main compressed gas flow conduit and opening into said annular
mixing chamber at a point spaced from the point at which said
product flow conduit opens into said annular mixing chamber.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which said source of liquid
comprises a measured dose dispenser having a piston-cylinder means
containing the liquid to be dispensed, and said valve means is a
measured dose dispensing valve means for dispensing a measured dose
of the liquid when the piston-cylinder means is actuated.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which said source of
compressed gas comprises an air compressing piston-cylinder means
having a fixed member and a movable member movable through a
compressing stroke, relative to the fixed member and a compressed
air controlling valve member in said compressed air flow path
normally closing said path, actuating pin means operatively
associated with said air compressing piston-cylinder means and said
compressed air controlling valve member for actuating said
compressed air valve member to open it near the end of the
compression stroke.
4. A device as claimed in claim 3 in which said source of liquid
comprises a dispenser having a liquid pressurizing piston-cylinder
means containing the liquid to be dispensed, and said valve means
is a measured dose dispensing valve means for dispensing an amount
of the liquid when the liquid pressurizing piston-cylinder means is
actuated, said air compressing piston-cylinder means being on one
end of said dispenser body and the liquid pressurizing
piston-cylinder means being on the other end of said dispenser
body, whereby pressure on the opposite ends of said device actuates
both piston-cylinder means.
5. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which said source of liquid is
a source of unpressurized liquid and comprises a measured dose
dispenser having a container for the liquid which is at atmospheric
pressure, and said valve means is a measured dose dispensing valve
means for permitting aspiration of a measured dose of the liquid
when said valve means is actuated.
Description
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
For many years, most of the aerosol dispensers have been the type
in which a propellant is compressed in a valved container along
with the product to be dispensed, so that when the valve is opened,
the pressure of the propellant forces the product, mixed with the
propellant, through the valve and out through a nozzle means, and
because of the high pressure of the propellant, the mixed product
and propellant emerge from the nozzle in spray form. Because of the
high pressure, the start of flow of the mixed propellant and
product is almost instantaneous and little or no trouble is
experienced because of larger drops of liquid first being ejected
followed by a fine spray. Such a difficulty will hereinafter be
referred to as "spitting."
In the last few years, there has been developed a type of aerosol
dispenser in which the propellant is stored in the dispensing
apparatus separately from the product to be dispensed, the
propellant and product being mixed only upon being actually
dispensed. This has enabled the dispensing by means of aerosol
dispensers, of products which are normally incompatible with the
propellants being used when the two are stored together for any
length of time. However, this type of dispenser still utilizes a
propellant as the means for dispensing and atomizing the product.
Occasionaly this type of device is subject to spitting.
There has recently been much discussion about the possible damaging
effects of the propellants commonly used in such aerosol
dispensers, such as from freon gas. Where the products are not used
on the human body, such as with paint or insecticide, precautions
can be taken by the user so that he does not inhale the dispensed
mixture of product and propellant. However, where the product is to
be used on the human body or to be ingested into the human body,
such as in the case of deodorant which is used directly on the
body, or a breath freshner which is sprayed directly into the
mouth, there is no way to avoid exposing the user to the damaging
effects of the propellant.
This drawback in the aerosol dispensers has led to the recent
development of dispensers which use a charge of compressed air to
aspirate a product from a separate product container each time the
dispenser is actuated. Examples of such dispensers are found in the
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,672,545 and 3,733,010. In these dispensers, since
there is no propellant used, but only compressed air, there is no
danger to the user from the propellant. These devices therefore
have a great potential for use in dispensing such products as
medicaments, cosmetic and personal hygiene products and the like
where it is desirable that the user not be exposed to the dangers
of conventional propellants. However, they are subject to the
problem of spitting.
In addition, in U.S. application Ser. No. 496,282, filed Aug. 4,
1974, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 411,267, filed Oct. 31,
1973, now abandon, there is disclosed a dispenser device in which
at the same time as the compressed air is produced by a
piston-cylinder means, pressure is also exerted on the liquid
product to be dispensed, so that at the time the compressed air is
released the liquid product is supplied under pressure.
A similar device is disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 411,265,
filed Oct. 31, 1973, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,878,973. These devices
have made it possible to provide a spray with a droplet size which
makes it possible to use these devices for medicaments which are to
be inhaled by the user. However, the devices, disclosed in both
applications are also subject to the problem of spitting.
OBJECTS AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for
dispensing a spray of liquid in compressed gas in which the problem
of spitting is avoided, and the device upon actuation immediately
starts to dispense a spray of fine droplets without first ejecting
larger droplets of the liquid to be dispensed.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an
arrangement in such a device which can be used with a variety of
dispenser devices.
These objects are achieved by providing a dispensing device having
a source of gas under pressure and a source of liquid to be
dispensed which can be under pressure or not, and a dispensing
nozzle, of the Venturi type, which has a central through passage
from a an annular mixing chamber around the nozzle. The device has
a product flow path from the source of liquid under pressure which
opens into the mixing chamber, and has a compressed gas flow path
from the source of compressed gas which has branches opening into
the central through passage of the nozzle and into the mixing
chamber. By this arrangement, the liquid to be dispensed is mixed
with compressed gas to a certain extent prior to its being fed into
the nozzle through the lateral passages, and the ejection of large
droplets at the start of the flow of compressed gas and liquid
under pressure is avoided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described in greater detail in the
following specification taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation view of a dispenser according to
the present invention with the parts in the rest or non-dispensing
positions;
FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view similar to FIG. 1 with the
parts in the dispensing positions;
FIG. 3 is an elevation view, on a reduced scale, of the device of
FIGS. 1 and 2; and
FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation view of the alternative form of the
source of liquid to be dispensed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the figures, in a dispenser body 10 is an upwardly
open recess 11 having a cross-sectional shape complementary to the
cross-sectional shape of a lower body member 31 of a measured dose
dispenser which is a source of liquid to be dispensed and which
will be described below. The lower body member 31 fits into recess
11 in slidable relationship therewith. A further recess 12 is
provided in the bottom of the recess 11 which has a cross-sectional
shape complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the hollow stem
portion 37 of the measured dose dispenser and which receives the
hollow stem portion 37 in a substantially fluid tight fit with the
end of the stem portion 37 in the bottom of the recess 12 and with
the parts in the rest or non-dispensing positions as seen in FIG.
1, with the lower end of the lower body member 31 spaced above the
bottom of the recess 11.
Nozzle means 13 in the form of a nozzle insert 14 opens out of the
side of the dispensing body 10. The nozzle insert 14 is positioned
in a laterally opening recess 16 in the dispenser body 10 which is
shaped to leave a an annular mixing chamber 17 around the nozzle
insert. The nozzle insert has a Venturi passage 14a therethrough
which has lateral passages 14b extending from the mixing chamber
into the Venturi passage 14a. In the specific form of the structure
as shown, the recess 16 has a smaller diameter portion at the inner
end and a larger diameter portion at the outer end and the nozzle
insert 14 has a smaller diameter portion which fits into the
smaller diameter portion of the recess but is longer than this
portion is deep. The larger diameter portion of the nozzle insert
is thus spaced outwardly of the bottom of the larger portion of
recess 16 to leave the mixing chamber 17. The dispenser body has a
liquid product flow path therethrough in the form of a passage 15
from the recess 12 to the mixing chamber 17 around the nozzle
insert 14.
A source of gas under pressure in the form of an air compressing
piston cylinder means is provided on the opposite end of the body
10 from the measured dose dispenser, and in the embodiment
disclosed comprises a cylinder 18 which extends downwardly from the
body 10 and within which a piston 19 is slidably positioned. Gasket
19a seals the piston in its movement into the cylinder 18. A return
spring 20 within the cylinder 18 urges the piston 19 out of the
cylinder 18. Opening out of the inner end of the cylinder 18 and
into the body 10 is a recess 21, and from the recess 21 a
compressed air path is provided which has a vertically extending
portion 22 and one horizontal branch 23 extending to the central
passage of the nozzle insert and a second horizontal branch 24
extending to the mixing chamber 17. The recess 21 and the air path
portions comprise a compressed air flow path through the body 10.
Within the recess 21 is a compressed air controlling poppet valve
member 25 which seats on a seat 26 retained in the recess 21 by a
retainer 27 which is positioned in the inner end of the cylinder
18. A valve return spring 28 in the recess 21 holds the poppet
valve on the seat 26. An actuating pin 29 extends upwardly from the
piston 19. At the inner end of the stroke of the piston 19, it is
engaged with the poppet valve member 25 to lift the poppet valve
member 25 from the seat 26 sufficiently far to pass compressed air
into the recess 21.
The measured dose dispenser in this embodiment is in a form in
which it is a source of pressurized liquid. It comprises a
piston-cylinder means generally indicated at 30 in which the lower
body member 31 is in the form of a piston over which a cylinder 32
is slidable. A gasket 32a in the end of the lower body member 31
seals against the inside surface of the cylinder 32 as the cylinder
slides along the piston. The lower body member, 31 is made up of an
outer shell 33 within which is positioned an inner body 34. The end
of the shell 33 has an aperture 33a therein and on the inside of
the shell between the bottom thereof and the end of the inner body
34 is a first annular sealing gasket 35. The inner body 34 has a
larger diameter recess 34a in the end toward the bottom of the
shell, and has a smaller diameter bore 34b extending from the inner
end of the recess 34a to the end of the lower body member which is
within the cylinder 32.
Movably mounted within the recess 34a and bore 34b is a metering
valve stem generally indicated at 36 which has a solid stem portion
within the recess 34a and has the hollow stem portion 37 extending
from the solid stem portion out through the first annular sealing
gasket 35 and the apertures 33a in the bottom of the shell 33, the
outside surface of the hollow stem portion 37 being in sealing
relationship with the first annular sealing gasket 35. At the joint
between the hollow stem portion 37 and the solid stem portion is a
flange 38 which in the rest position of the stem, as shown in FIG.
1, rests on the first annular gasket 35. The cross-sectional shape
of the solid stem portion is such that it will move freely into the
bore 34b. Around the end of the bore 34b where it opens into the
larger diameter recess 34a is a second annular sealing gasket 40
through which the solid portions of the stem can move in sealing
relationship therewith when the stem 36 is raised. A spring 39 is
positioned between the second annular sealing gasket 40 and the
flange 38, and urges the flange toward the first annular sealing
gasket 35.
In the hollow stem portion 37 is an aperture 37b which in the rest
position of the device as shown in FIG. 1 is below or outside the
bottom of the lower body member 31. In the dispensing position this
aperture is within the larger diameter recess 34a.
It will be seen that the valve stem 36 and the inner body 34 with
its larger diameter recess 34a, the annular sealing gaskets 35 and
40, and the spring 39 form a simple metering stem which is known
from the aerosol dispensing art and is shown in U.S. Pat. no.
2,721,010.
In operation, with the parts in the positions as shown in FIG. 1
and with the cylinder filled with the liquid L, pressure is exerted
against the top of the cylinder 32 to urge the cylinder along the
lower body member 31 to thereby exert pressure on the liquid L
within the cylinder and within the smaller diameter bore 34b and
larger diameter recess 34a. Since the stem 36 is fixed in position
in recess 12, the pressure will move the lower body member 31 down
around the stem 36 against the action of the spring 39, first
causing the second annular sealing gasket 40 to move around the
upper end of the solid portion of the stem 36 and seal off the
recess 34a from the smaller diameter bore 34b and the interior of
the cylinder 32 thus trapping a metered quantity of liquid in
recess 34a. Thereafter, further movement of the lower body member
31 and cylinder 32 downwardly along the stem 36 causes the first
annular sealing gasket 35 to move past the aperture 37b so that the
recess 34a is in communication with the interior of the hollow stem
portion 37.
It has been found that with this construction, when the aperture
37b is placed in communication with the recess 34a, the liquid
which has been trapped in the recess 34a is ejected from the hollow
stem portion 37 in a squirt which has considerable force.
In the operation of the overall device when pressure is exerted by
the fingers of the user on the cylinder 32 of the measured dose
dispenser and the piston 19 of the air compressing piston cylinder
means, the measured dose dispenser is caused to operate to dispense
a squirt of liquid through the hollow stem portion 37 into the
product flow path 15 and into the mixing chamber 17. At the same
time, air is compressed in the cylinder 18, ahead of the piston 19.
However, until the piston 19 reaches the end of its stroke, the
poppet valve 25 remains closed. When the actuating pin 29 hits the
poppet valve 25, the poppet valve is lifted from the seat 26, as
shown in FIG. 2, and the air compressed in the cylinder 18 is
suddenly released to flow through the compressed air path both to
the mixing chamber 17 around the nozzle insert 14 and through the
central Venturi passage of the nozzle insert. The compressed air
flowing into the mixing chamber 17 mixes with and exerts a shearing
effect on the liquid under pressure from the metered dose dispenser
so as to break up the liquid, and this mixture is drawn through the
lateral passages 18 into the stream of gas under pressure which is
flowing through the center of the nozzle insert. The liquid is
subjected to further break up in the Venturi passage and is
immediately dispensed from the nozzle insert as a fine spray of
droplets of the liquid in compressed air without there first being
ejected relatively large droplets of liquid.
A particular advantage of such a source of pressurized liquid as
described above is that it can be simply replaced by a filled
measured dose dispensing device. In addition to dispensing only a
measured dose, the valve means of the measured dose dispenser acts
to control the flow of the liquid product from the liquid supply in
a simple and effective manner and independently of the air valve
controlling the flow of the compressed air from the air compressing
piston cylinder means.
While the metered dose dispensing device has been shown as one
specific source of pressurized liquid, other sources can also be
provided, such as are disclosed in the above mentioned copending
application Ser. No. 496,282. Moreover, while the piston-cylinder
air pressurizing means have been described as a specific source of
gas under pressure, other sources could be provided, for example a
valved conventional aerosol can containing a conventional
propellant under pressure.
The source of liquid can be a source which does not supply liquid
under pressure, i.e., can be a source which simply presents to the
system the source of liquid so that the liquid is aspirated by the
reduced pressure in the system caused by the compressed air flowing
through the Venturi passage in the nozzle 14. One embodiment of
such a source of liquid is shown in FIG. 4, which shows the
structure thereof and only a part of the structure of the remainder
of the device. As seen in FIG. 4 the source of liquid 41 has an
outer casing 43 which fits into the recess 11 in the dispenser body
10 in the same manner as does the source 30. Over the upper end of
the casing 43 is a cover 43c. WIthin the casing 43 is an inner body
44. The end of the casing 43 has an aperture 43a therein and on the
inside of the casing between the bottom thereof and the end of the
inner body 44 is a first annular sealing gasket 45. The inner body
44 has a larger diameter recess 44a in the end toward the bottom of
the casing 43 and has a smaller diameter bore 44b extending from
the inner end of the recess 44a to the end of the inner body 44
which is within the upper part of the casing 43. A nipple 44c
projects upwardly from the end of the smaller diameter bore
44b.
Movably mounted within the recess 44a and bore 44b is a metering
valve stem generally indicated at 46 which has a solid stem portion
within the recess 44a and has a hollow stem portion 47 extending
from the solid stem portion out through the first annular sealing
gasket 45 and the aperture 43a in the bottom of the casing 43, the
outside surface of the hollow stem portion 47 being in sealing
relationship with the first annular sealing gasket 45. At the joint
between the hollow stem portion 47 and the solid stem portion is a
flange 48, which in the rest position of the stem, as shown in FIG.
4, rests on the first annular gasket 45. The cross-sectional shape
of the solid stem portion is such that it will move freely into the
bore 44b. Around the end of the bore 44b where it opens into the
larger diameter recess 44a is a second annular sealing gasket 50
through which the solid portion of the stem can move in sealing
relationship therewith when the stem 46 is raised. A spring 49 is
positioned between the second annular sealing gasket 50 and the
flange 48, and urges the flange toward the first annular sealing
gasket 45.
In the hollow stem portion 47 is an aperture 47b which in the rest
position of the device as shown in FIG. 4 is below or outside the
bottom of the casing 43. In the dispensing position this aperture
is within the larger diameter recess 44a.
It will be seen that the valve stem 46 and the inner body 44 with
its larger diameter recess 44a, the annular sealing gaskets 45 and
50, and the spring 49 form a simple metering stem which is known
from the aerosol dispensing art and is shown in U.S. Pat. No.
2,721,010.
A flexible bag 51 filled with liguid L, is positioned within the
upper end of casing 43 with the mouth in liquid tight engagement
with the nipple 44c. An aperture or vent 43d is provided in casing
43 opening into the space containing the bag.
In operation, with the parts in the positions as shown in FIG. 4
and with the bag 51 filled with liquid L, pressure is exerted
against the cover 43c. Since the stem 46 is fixed in position in
recess 12, the pressure will move the casing 43 down around the
stem 46 against the action of the spring 49, first causing the
second annular sealing gasket 50 to move around the upper end of
the solid portion of the stem 46 and seal off the recess 44a from
the smaller diameter bore 44b and the interior of the bag 51 thus
trapping a metered quantity of liquid in recess 44a. Thereafter,
further movement of the casing 43 downwardly along the stem 46
causes the first annular sealing gasket 45 to move past the
aperture 47b so that the recess 44a is in communication with the
interior of the hollow stem portion 47. When the aperture 47b is
placed in communication with the recess 44a, the liquid which has
been trapped in the recess 44a is free to flow through the hollow
stem portion 47.
In the operation of the overall device when pressure is exerted by
the fingers of the user on the cover 43c of the measured dose
dispenser and the piston 19 of the air compressing piston cylinder
means, the measured dose dispenser exposes a measured amount of
liquid through the hollow stem portion 47, the product flow path 15
and the mixing chamber 17. At the same time, air is compressed in
the cylinder 18, ahead of the piston 19. However, until the piston
19 reaches the end of its stroke, the poppet valve 25 remains
closed. When the actuating pin 29 hits the poppet valve 25, the
poppet valve is lifted from the seat 26, as shown in FIG. 2, and
the air compressed in the cylinder 18 is suddenly released to flow
through the compressed air path both to the mixing chamber 17
around the nozzle insert 14 and through the central Venturi passage
of the nozzle insert. Compressed air flowing through the Venturi
passage 14a aspirates the measured amount of liquid from the source
41 and draws it into the mixing chamber 17. The compressed air
flowing into the supply chamber 17 mixes with and exerts a shearing
effect on the liquid from the metered dose dispenser so as to break
up the liquid, and this mixture is drawn through the lateral
openings 18 into the stream of gas under pressure which is flowing
through the center of the nozzle insert. The liquid is subjected to
further break up in the Venturi passage and is immediately
dispensed from the nozzle insert as a fine spray of droplets of the
liquid in compressed air without there first being ejected
relatively large droplets of liquid.
The source of liquid as described above can also be resupplied
simply be replacing the throwaway measured dose dispensing device.
In addition to dispensing only a measured dose, the valve means of
the measured dose dispenser acts to control the flow of the liquid
product from the liquid supply in a simple and effective manner and
independently of the air valve controlling the flow of the
compressed air from the air compressing piston cylinder means, and
also blocks flow of compressed air back into the bag 51.
When pressure or the source of liquid is released the parts return
to the positions of FIG. 4, and air pressure on the bag 51 from
vent 43d forces liquid into the recesses 44a and 44b.
It will thus be seen that by a very simple change in the structure
such that the gas under pressure and the liquid to be dispensed are
supplied together to the supply chamber around the nozzle, and the
gas under pressure is supplied to the central passage of the
nozzle, the liquid is initially dispensed in the form of fine
droplets, and the problem of spitting is overcome.
It is thought that the invention and its advantages will be
understood from the foregoing description and it is apparent that
various changes may be made in the form, construction and
arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention or sacrificing its material advantages, the
form hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings being
merely a preferred embodiment thereof.
* * * * *