U.S. patent number 3,921,744 [Application Number 05/511,363] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-25 for wheelchair with detachable drive means.
Invention is credited to Robert Benoit, Andre Mairet.
United States Patent |
3,921,744 |
Benoit , et al. |
November 25, 1975 |
Wheelchair with detachable drive means
Abstract
A wheelchair has a detachable drive means so that it is useful
both indoors under manual power and outdoors under motor power. The
drive means is manipulable by the occupant himself, and to this end
comprises a drive wheel and motor with steering handle bars, and
means to detachably interconnect this assembly at each side of the
wheelchair. The connecting means comprises ramps that guide
laterally sliding pins toward their sockets, and rotatable cams
received in vertical slots at the forward ends of the wheelchair
armrests.
Inventors: |
Benoit; Robert (21000 Dijon,
FR), Mairet; Andre (21440 Chanceaux, FR) |
Family
ID: |
9125787 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/511,363 |
Filed: |
October 2, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Oct 2, 1973 [FR] |
|
|
73.35107 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
180/13;
280/250.1; 180/16 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
5/047 (20130101); A61G 5/1051 (20161101); A61G
5/1018 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61G
5/00 (20060101); A61G 5/04 (20060101); B60K
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;180/11,12,13,65R,15,16,DIG.3 ;280/242WC,36R ;297/DIG.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Betts; Kenneth H.
Assistant Examiner: Schrecengost; R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Young & Thompson
Claims
Having described our invention, we claim:
1. In combination, a wheelchair and a drive assembly for said
wheelchair, said drive assembly comprising a motor and a wheel
driven by said motor disposed forwardly of said wheelchair, and
means carried by said drive assembly and extending rearwardly of
said motor and driven wheel to both sides of said wheelchair for
detachably connecting said drive assembly to said wheelchair, said
means including means disposed on opposite sides of said wheelchair
when said drive assembly is connected to said wheelchair and within
reach of and manipulable by the hands of the occupant of the
wheelchair to effect the connection and disconnection of said drive
assembly to and from said wheelchair.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, said connecting means
comprising ramps on each side of said wheelchair guiding rearwardly
extending portions of said drive assembly toward seats on said
wheelchair for the interconnection of said drive assembly with said
wheelchair.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, and pins carried by the
portions of said drive assembly that are received in said seats for
sliding movement into and out of interconnecting relationship with
said wheelchair.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, said seats comprising upwardly
open recesses carried by said wheelchair at the summit of said
ramps.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, said connecting means
comprising means on said wheelchair defining vertical slots at each
side of the wheelchair, and vertically swinging means on said drive
assembly selectively engageable in said slots.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5, said vertically swinging means
comprising cam means actuated by levers for engaging in said slots
and for pressing rearwardly against said wheelchair at the base of
said slots to tilt the wheelchair rearwardly.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, said slots being disposed at
the forward ends of armrests of the wheelchair.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, and vertically adjustable legs
that cooperate with said wheel to support said drive assembly when
the drive assembly is detached from the wheelchair.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, the wheelchair having large
rear wheels, and brake means carried by the drive assembly and
positionable adjacent said large rear wheels when the drive
assembly is connected to the wheelchair.
Description
The present invention relates to wheelchairs for physically
handicapped people, of the type that are provided with drive
motors.
Conventional wheelchairs comprise a chassis mounted on four wheels
of which the two rear wheels are quite large and the forward wheels
quite small. In the past, when such wheelchairs have been
motorized, the two small wheels have been replaced by a single
forward wheel which both drives and steers the chair and is located
forwardly of the footrest.
However, with such arrangements, the motorized wheelchair has been
quite heavy and unsuitable for use indoors. It has thus been
necessary for the invalid to have two wheelchairs: a relatively
light one for use indoors, and a motordriven one for use outdoors
for travelling greater distances. It is often difficult for the
occupant to change from chair to chair, especially if he is
heavy.
An attempt has been made to overcome these difficulties of the
prior art, by placing the motor beneath the seat of a standard
wheelchair, but this has rendered the wheelchair less mobile
indoors, where it can hardly negotiate a stair step. Moreover, even
outdoors, the driven speed is insufficient.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
wheelchair which will be sufficiently light and portable for
convenient manually operated use indoors, but motor driven with
sufficient power for use outdoors.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of such a
wheelchair, which will be conveniently convertible from manual
operation to motor drive, and vice versa, by the occupant
himself.
Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a
wheelchair with detachable drive means, the attachment and
detachment of which is easily effected by the occupant of the
chair.
Finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide such a
wheelchair, which will be relatively simple and inexpensive to
manufacture, easy to operate, maintain and repair, and rugged and
durable in use.
Briefly, the objects of the present invention are achieved by
providing a wheelchair which is generally of the indoor type, and
which is provided on either side of its footrest with a guide ramp
for detachable coupling to a drive motor-driven wheel-handle bar
assembly which carries semicircular rearwardly extending shafts
that on their rearward ends carry laterally displaceable pins or
lugs whose mountings ride up the ramps and seat in upwardly open
recesses, after which the pins may be laterally slid into sockets
beneath the arms of the chair.
The forward ends of the armrests of the wheelchair are vertically
slotted; and the rearwardly extending shafts of the detachable
drive assembly carry at their upper rear ends cams rotatable about
horizontal axes selectively to enter those vertical slots thereby
to provide a further connection between the detachable assembly and
the wheelchair.
Vertically adjustable feet carried by the rear ends of the shafts
cooperate with the drive wheel to provide threepoint support for
the drive assembly when detached from the wheelchair. The feet are
elevated from the ground when the drive assembly is attached to the
chair.
Brakes for the wheelchair are also carried by the rear ends of the
shafts of the drive assembly and comprise brake pads selectively
applicable against the large rear wheels of the chair.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention
will become apparent from a consideration of the following
description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wheelchair according to the
present invention, with the drive assembly attached;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the structure
interconnecting the forward end of one armrest and the adjacent end
of the footrest of the chair itself, with the drive assembly
removed, showing the means that provide the connections to the
drive assembly;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view from the rear, showing the drive
assembly as seen by the occupant of the wheelchair;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view, looking toward one outer
side of the wheelchair, showing the drive assembly at the left
almost completely engaged with the wheelchair to the right of FIG.
4;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 but showing the parts more fully
engaged; and
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIGS. 4 and 5 but showing the parts
fully engaged and ready for power drive of the wheelchair.
Referring now to the drawings in greater detail, and first to FIG.
1, there is shown a wheelchair 1 provided with a drive and steering
assembly 2. For sake of clarity, much of the detail has been
omitted from FIG. 1 and is shown in the subsequent figures.
Wheelchair 1 comprises a chassis 3 of hollow tubular construction,
a seat 4, a back 5, large rear wheels 6 and 7 and small forward
wheels 8 of which only one is visible in FIG. 1, and a footrest 9.
Drive assembly 2 comprises a drive and steering wheel 10 mounted at
the lower end of a fork 11 which is surmounted by a column 12
carrying the handle bars 13 and the conventional steering, braking,
and motor control members. Fork 11 also carries a column 15 that
carries rearwardly extending semi-circular shafts 16.
FIG. 2 shows in greater detail the structure of the wheelchair, at
one side thereof, for detachably receiving the drive assembly. The
armrest 17 of the wheelchair terminates forwardly in a plug 18
having a vertical slot 18' therein. An intermediate vertical tube
19 depends from armrest 17 and slides in a lower tube 20 of chassis
3, which terminates forwardly in a forward end 20'. An elbowed tube
21 at its rear end carries a sleeve 22 vertically adjustable on
tube 19 by means of set screw 23 thereby to regulate the height of
armrest 17. An intermediate tube 24 interconnects tube 21 and
sleeve 25 that surrounds forward end 20' of tube 20. A socket 26
(FIG. 4) or 26' (FIG. 2) comprises a semi-cylindrical upwardly
opening seat 27, which in the FIG. 4 construction is formed by
removing a portion from a cylindrical tube 28 forms the rest of the
socket. A vertical plate 29 is secured to tubes 21 and 24 and
sleeve 25 and has a hole 29' therethrough in the FIG. 2 embodiment,
or mounts the tube 28 in the FIG. 4 embodiment, for the reception
of coupling means on the drive assembly, to be described
hereinafter. Plate 29 terminates at its lower end in an outwardly
extending inclined ramp 30 to guide the coupling means to be
described toward the seat 27.
At its lower end, tube 21 carries a connector 31 for telescopically
fixing the height of footrest 9.
Turning now to FIG. 3, the drive assembly is seen as viewed by the
occupant of the wheelchair prior to assembly to the chair. It will
be seen that the semi-circular shafts 16 are comprised in fact by
vertically-spaced tubes 32 and 33 to the rear ends of which are
secured a vertical tube 35 in which a rod 36 is vertically
slidable. The vertically slid position of rod 36 is selectively
fixed by a set screw 37, so that the lower ends of rods 36 provide,
with drive wheel 10, three-point support for the drive assembly
when detached and not in use.
Each rear end of tube 33 carries a horizontal sleeve 33' in which
is disposed a pin or lug 38 manipulable by handle 39. Pins 38 are
coaxial on a horizontal axis, as are the sockets 26 or 26' that
selectively receive them.
Each rear end of tube 32 carries a cam 40 eccentrically mounted for
rotation about a horizontal axis under the control of a handle
41.
Brakeshoes 42, selectively applicable against large rear wheels 6,
are carried at the rear ends of tubes 43 and 44 which at their
forward ends are mounted for pivotal movement about a vertical axis
on sleeve 35. A plate 45 mounts shoes 42 for pivotal movement into
and out of engagement with wheels 6 under the command of a cable 46
manipulated in a conventional manner from the handle bars 13, a
spring 47 tending to draw shoes 42 out of engagement with wheels 6.
Latch means (not shown) are provided for releasably maintaining the
brake means in inwardly swung operative position adjacent wheels
6.
To assemble the drive means to the wheelchair, the occupant of the
chair rolls his chair manually toward the drive means which are
resting in the position shown in FIG. 3. He aims the ramps 30 for
the sleeves 33', until these sleeves slide up the ramps 30 in the
FIG. 4 relationship. Further drawing the parts together, the
occupant causes the sleeves 33' to seat in the sockets 26. He then
pushes inwardly on each handle 39 to move the pins 38 into the tube
28 or hole 29', depending on the manner of formation of the
receptacle for the pin.
The handle 41 can then be swung forwardly, from the FIG. 5 position
to FIG. 6 position, so that the cams 40 enter the vertical slots
18'. The members 40 are called "cams", because they bear against
the bottoms of the slots 18' with sufficient force, and with
sufficient leverage under the action of handle 41, to tilt the
wheelchair slightly rearwardly so that the small forward wheels 8
are elevated from the ground and the wheelchair now has three-point
support on the large wheels 6 and the drive wheel 10.
The lower ends of the rods 36 are now elevated from the ground and
to give still more clearance, the set screws 37 can be released and
the rods 36 raised from the FIG. 5 to the FIG. 6 position, after
which the set screws 37 are again tightened to maintain rods 36 in
this elevated position.
Finally, the occupant swings the tubes 43, 44 inwardly and latches
them so that the brake pads 42 are closely adjacent the rear wheels
6.
The occupant can then start the motor, which can be electric or
gasoline powered, and operate the motor from the controls provided
in a conventional manner on the handle bars 13.
To separate the drive assembly from the wheelchair, the foregoing
steps can be performed in the reverse order.
From a consideration of the foregoing disclosure, therefore, it
will be evident that all of the initially recited objects of the
present invention have been achieved.
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated
in connection with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood
that modifications and variations may be resorted to without
departing from the spirit of the invention, as those skilled in
this art will readily understand. For example, the wheelchair
itself may be of the foldable type, as also may be the drive
assembly, for easy carrying in a vehicle such as an automobile, or
for storage. These and other modifications and variations are
considered to be within the purview and scope of the present
invention as defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *