U.S. patent number 3,920,347 [Application Number 05/410,491] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-18 for manhole cover.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Roby Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Walter H. Gross, John T. Sauriol.
United States Patent |
3,920,347 |
Sauriol , et al. |
November 18, 1975 |
Manhole cover
Abstract
Disclosed is a manhole cover constructed of structural foam
molded synthetic polymeric material and having a transversely
intersecting structural rib network integrally joined with the top
surface portion and enclosing annular peripheral portion of the
cover, the structural rib network preferably being dome shaped with
the principal structural support being disposed centrally of the
cover at the apex of the dome.
Inventors: |
Sauriol; John T. (Dallas,
TX), Gross; Walter H. (Dallas, TX) |
Assignee: |
Roby Industries, Inc. (Dallas,
TX)
|
Family
ID: |
23624960 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/410,491 |
Filed: |
October 29, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
404/25;
210/166 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D
29/14 (20130101); E02D 29/124 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02D
29/14 (20060101); E02D 29/12 (20060101); E02D
029/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;404/26,25,19 ;52/21,20
;210/163,164,166 ;137/371 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Byers, Jr.; Nile C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Glaser; Kenneth R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for closing the surface opening of a vertically
extending passage to an underground installation, comprising:
a. closure support means for disposition within the ground and
defined by an annular retaining ring circumscribing said surface
access opening, and an annular flange having a top surface recessed
a defined depth from the top surface of said retaining ring to
provide a support ledge, and
b. closure means disposed within said surface access opening, said
closure means comprising a top surface portion, a peripheral
portion enclosing said top surface portion supported solely by the
support ledge of said closure support means, and a network of
transversely intersecting ribs enclosed by said peripheral portion
and contiguous with said top surface portion and said peripheral
portion, said network of transversely intersecting ribs providing
the principal structural support for said closure means,
said network further comprising a first plurality of ribs extending
to a depth greater than said defined depth and a second plurality
of ribs extending to a depth greater than said defined depth, said
second plurality of ribs having ends integrally joined with said
annular peripheral portion and respectively transversely
intersecting and joined with said first plurality of ribs at
locations along their length and equidistantly spaced from the
center of said top surface portion.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the top surface
portion, peripheral enclosing portion, and the transversely
intersecting rib network of said closure means are of unitary
construction.
3. The apparatus as defined by claim 2 wherein said closure means
is constructed from a foamed synthetic polymeric material.
4. The apparatus as defined by claim 3 wherein said closure means
is constructed from foamed polycarbonate.
5. The apparatus as defined by claim 2 wherein said network of
transversely intersecting ribs is generally dome shaped with the
apex of the dome generally disposed below the center of said top
surface portion.
6. The apparatus as defined by claim 5 wherein said closure means
is constructed from a foamed synthetic polymeric material.
7. The apparatus as defined by claim 6 wherein said closure means
is constructed from foam polycarbonate.
8. The apparatus as defined by claim 5 further including means for
securing said closure means to said closure support means.
9. In an assembly for closing the surface access opening to an
underground installation, the assembly being of the type including
closure support means disposed within the ground and formed by an
annular retaining ring which circumscribes said surface access
opening and has a peripheral shelf extension recessed from the top
surface of said retaining ring at a first depth and closure means
supported by said closure support means solely at said shelf
extension for closing said surface access opening, the improvement
wherein said closure means comprises:
a body of synthetic polymeric material defined by a generally flat
top surface portion enclosed by an annular peripheral portion
dimensioned to fit within the inner periphery of said retaining
ring, said annular peripheral portion having a depth substantially
equal to said first depth, and a network of ribs integrally joined
with said top surface portion and said annular peripheral portion
for providing the principal structural support for said closure
means,
said network comprising a plurality of first ribs extending to a
depth greater than said first depth and a plurality of second ribs
integrally joined at their ends with said annular peripheral
portion and respectively transversely intersecting and joined with
said first plurality of ribs at locations along their length and
equidistantly spaced from the center of said top surface
portion.
10. The improvement as defined by claim 9 wherein said top surface
portion, said annular peripheral portion, and said network of
transversely intersecting ribs are of foamed polycarbonate.
11. The improvement as defined by claim 10 wherein recessed
portions are disposed within said top surface portion and handrings
are disposed within said recessed portions.
12. The improvement as defined by claim 10 wherein a plurality of
circumferentially spaced locking lugs are integrally joined with
said annular peripheral portion.
Description
The present invention relates to closures for underground housings
having surface access openings, and more particularly to manhole
covers.
As is well known, construction of streets and roads includes the
underground provision and installation of public utilities such as
storm sewers, electric, gas, and telephone lines, etc. Access by
workmen to these utilities is by way of openings in the street or
road, these openings being sealed by closure members commonly
referred to as manhole covers. Conventionally, these manhole covers
have traditionally been formed of cast iron or steel, and
consequently have been difficult to handle because of their
bulkiness and great weight. Additionally, their size and weight
normally require the use of winches or other tools in installing
and removing the manhole covers and involve an excessive amount of
workmen time for such installation and removal.
In an attempt to overcome some of these disadvantages, other
lighterweight materials, such as plastics, have been experimented
with in the construction of these manhole covers, but the resulting
structures have generally been unsuccessful for a number of
reasons. First, the plastics that have been utilized in the manhole
cover construction, as well as the design of the manhole cover
itself, have not produced resulting structures with sufficient
strength characteristics to support the excessive vehicular weights
to which they are normally subjected. Furthermore, the casting or
molding techniques utilized for forming these manhole covers have
generally placed undesirable limitations on the size and shapes of
the final structures.
It is a primary object of the invention to provide a new and
improved closure for surface access openings to underground
structures.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and
improved manhole cover construction.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a
new and improved design of manhole cover of plastic or synthetic
polymeric material construction which has desirable strength
characteristics, but is generally lightweight and convenient to
handle.
In accordance with these and other objects, the present invention
is directed to a manhole cover having a transversely intersecting
structural rib network providing the structural support therefor,
the network preferably being dome shaped and having the maximum
support at the center of the cover. In accordance with a unique
feature of this design, the cover is molded from a foamable
polymeric material, such as structural foamed polycarbonate.
Additional features, objects, and advantages of the invention can
be more readily ascertained by the following detailed description
thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a top view of the manhole cover of the present invention
disposed within the surface access opening to the underground
structure;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view, partially in section, of the structure
depicted in FIG. 1 taken along section line 2--2;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the manhole cover of the present
invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the bottom of the manhole cover of
the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is an illustration of one method for locking the manhole
cover depicted in FIGS. 1-4 in place.
The drawings are not necessarily to scale and in some instances
have portions which are exaggerated in order to illustrate specific
features of the invention.
Referring initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, the manhole cover in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is
broadly depicted by the reference numeral 10 and includes a top
surface portion 14 upon which instructional and decorative indicia
may be impressed, if desired, as indicated. The cover 10, when in
place, is disposed within a retaining ring or frame 11 which itself
is disposed within the pavement 12. While not forming a part of the
present invention, the retaining ring 11 would normally abut
against, and be mutually aligned with, the circumferential wall 13
of the manhole which vertically extends below ground level. Thus,
the manhole cover 10, when in place, closes the opening 15 to the
manhole and, in that position, has its top surface 14 substantially
coplanar with the circumferentially extending surface portion 11a
of the retaining ring.
In accordance with a unique feature of the invention, the manhole
cover 10 is constructed of a lightweight synthetic polymeric
material, preferably polycarbonate, and in accordance with a
process which provides a structure having a high degree of
rigidity, strength, and impact resistance. Preferably, the cover is
produced by a structural foam molding process utilizing the
teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,268,636 and 3,436,446.
In accordance with a unique feature of the present invention, the
manhole cover 10 includes an annular peripheral portion 18
enclosing and integrally joined with a network of transversely
intersecting ribs 20, as best viewed in FIGS. 3 and 4. Preferably,
and for the purpose of concentrating maximum strength centrally of
the manhole cover, the network of ribs 20 is generally dome shaped
with the apex of the dome generally disposed at the center of the
manhole cover, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4. Furthermore, the
maximum number of intersections of these ribs 20 occur at this apex
and at the center of the cover 10 to maximize the strength and
impact resistance thereat.
As an additional feature, an annular slot is provided in the
underside of the annular peripheral portion 18 in which is disposed
a flexible tubing or O ring 22. As a consequence, and as best
viewed in FIG. 2, when the manhole cover 10 is disposed within the
retaining ring or frame 11 to close the opening 15 (the cover 10
being supported by the shelf-like extension 11b thereof), the ring
22 provides a seal to prevent debris or other material from
entering the manhole, irrespective of whether the annular
peripheral portion 18 directly engages the retaining ring 11.
Locking of the manhole cover 10 within the opening 15 may be
accomplished in one of a variety of ways. For instance, it may be
desirable to semi-permanently secure the manhole cover 10 within
the opening 15 by directly bolting the cover 10 to the shelf
extension 11b of retaining ring 11, the bolts being extracted when
the cover is to be removed.
In accordance with an alternative locking scheme, a plurality of
locking lugs 30 (four, in this example) are preferably
equidistantly spaced around the circumference of the cover 10 at
the underside thereof. Disposed around and affixed to the retaining
ring 11, and being of the same number and circumferential spacing
as the locking lugs 30, are a plurality of brackets 40 (one such
bracket being shown in FIG. 2) adapted to respectively engage and
mate with the locking lugs 30 when the manhole cover 10 is to be
"locked" in place. For this purpose, the bracket 40 includes (FIG.
5) a sloping cam surface 41 contiguous to a land surface 42 and a
projecting stop 43 transverse to the surface 42. The bracket may be
mounted or secured to the retaining ring 11 by way of bolts (not
shown) extending through counterbores 44 and 45.
To lock the manhole cover in place, the cover 10 is placed within
the opening 15 to rest upon the shelf 11b of the retaining ring 11
and then rotated (in the opposite direction of the arrows shown in
FIG. 1) to enable the bottom projection 50 of each of the locking
lugs 30 to move along the land surface 42 until reaching the stop
43, the inclined surface portion 41 facilitating the engagement of
each locking lug 30 with its mating bracket 40. Thus, it is
observed that each of the brackets 40 will firmly engage a
corresponding locking lug 30 and "lock" the manhole cover in place.
When it is desired to remove the cover 10, the cover will then be
rotated in the "open" direction (the direction indicated by the
arrows in FIG. 1) releasing the locking lugs 30 and brackets 40
from engagement with one another, and the cover may then be lifted
out of the opening. To facilitate the rotation of the cover, as
well as the installation and removal thereof, a pair of hand rings
60 are affixed to, and within recessed portions 61 of, the top
surface 14 of the manhole cover 10.
It can thus be seen that a manhole cover in accordance with the
present invention affords a generally lightweight structure, but
one having sufficient strength and resistance to impact, to enable
convenient handling while at the same time capable of sustaining
the extreme vehicular weights to which it will be subjected.
Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as
additional embodiments, may become apparent to those skilled in the
art after reviewing the foregoing description without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the
following claims:
* * * * *