U.S. patent number 3,920,277 [Application Number 05/477,367] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-18 for tunnel boring machine roll correction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Dresser Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Norman D. Dyer, Douglas F. Winberg.
United States Patent |
3,920,277 |
Winberg , et al. |
November 18, 1975 |
Tunnel boring machine roll correction
Abstract
The present invention relates to a tunnel boring machine of the
full face rotary type in which roll correction means are provided
on the cutterhead support. The roll correction means may also by
operative to steer the machine horizontally and/or vertically.
Inventors: |
Winberg; Douglas F. (Fall City,
WA), Dyer; Norman D. (Beaumont, TX) |
Assignee: |
Dresser Industries, Inc.
(Dallas, TX)
|
Family
ID: |
23895625 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/477,367 |
Filed: |
June 7, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
299/31;
175/61 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21D
9/112 (20130101); E21D 9/1093 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21D
9/10 (20060101); E21D 9/11 (20060101); E21D
009/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;299/31,33
;175/61,73,76 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Purser; Ernest R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Browning & Bushman
Claims
We claim:
1. A tunnel boring machine for progressively drilling a tunnel
while passing therethrough and comprising:
a cutterhead support;
a cutterhead rotatably mounted on a forward end of said cutterhead
support for rotation about an axis generally coincident with a
longitudinal centerline of said tunnel;
a frame assembly rigidly connected to said cutterhead support and
extending generally rearwardly therefrom;
a gripper assembly mounted on said frame assembly rearwardly of
said cutterhead support for longitudinal movement with respect to
said cutterhead support, said gripper assembly comprising a pair of
oppositely directed grippers selectively radially extensible and
retractable for engagement and non-engagement with the wall of said
tunnel;
drive means interconnecting said cutterhead support and said
gripper assembly and operative to cause relative longitudinal
movement of said cutterhead support and said gripper assembly;
a bottom support assembly mounted on a lower portion of said
cutterhead support, extending from said cutterhead support to the
invert of said tunnel, and operative to support the weight of said
cutterhead support and said cutterhead on the invert of said tunnel
during each operational mode of said tunnel boring machine
including a drilling mode in which said grippers are engaged with
the wall of said tunnel and said cutterhead support is driven
longitudinally with respect to said gripper assembly by said drive
means; and
roll correction means carried by said cutterhead support and
operative to rotate said cutterhead support generally about the
axis of said cutterhead.
2. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 wherein said roll
correction means includes bracing means fixable against the wall of
said tunnel, and rolling means interconnecting said bracing means
with said cutterhead support and operative to rotate said
cutterhead support with respect to said bracing means about the
axis of said cutterhead when said bracing means is fixed against
the wall of said tunnel.
3. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 2 wherein said
bracing means comprises a pair of oppositely directed control shoes
each selectively extensible and retractable in a generally radial
direction with respect to said cutterhead support for engagement
and non-engagement with the wall of said tunnel, said rolling means
interconnecting each of said control shoes with said cutterhead
support.
4. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 3 wherein said
control shoes are located on opposite sides of said tunnel boring
machine whereby said control shoes are operative to horizontally
steer said tunnel boring machine.
5. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 3 wherein said roll
correction means further includes a pair of piston and cylinder
assemblies, each of said control shoes being mounted on a
respective one of said piston and cylinder assemblies and each of
said piston and cylinder assemblies having a radially innnermost
end pivotally connected to said cutterhead support assembly for
pivoting in a plane transverse to the axis of said cutterhead, and
wherein said rolling means is a pair of ram assemblies each lying
generally in a plane transverse to the axis of said cutterhead and
being disposed in a direction having a non-radial component, and
each of said ram assemblies having a first element connected to a
respective one of said anchor shoes and a second element,
telescopic with said first element, connected to said cutterhead
support.
6. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 4 wherein said roll
correction means further comprises said bottom support
assembly.
7. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 6 wherein said bottom
support assembly is movable with respect to said cutterhead support
in a plane transverse to the axis of said cutterhead in a path
which partially circumscribes the axis of said cutterhead, and said
bottom support assembly is connected to each of said control
shoes.
8. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 7 wherein said
control shoes are located on opposite sides of said tunnel boring
machine and each of said control shoes has an integral projection
extending downwardly therefrom and pivotally connected to said
bottom support assembly wherein said cutterhead support includes a
pair of arm structures extending laterally outwardly on opposite
sides of said cutterhead support, and wherein said second element
of each of said ram assemblies is directly connected to a
respective one of said arm structures on the same side of said
tunnel boring machine as the respective one of said control
shoes.
9. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 7 wherein said bottom
support assembly is operative to vertically steer said tunnel
boring machine.
10. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 9 wherein said
control shoes are located on opposite sides of said tunnel boring
machine whereby said control shoes are operative to horizontally
steer said tunnel boring machine.
11. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 2 wherein said
bracing means comprises said bottom support assembly.
12. A tunnel boring machine for progressively drilling a tunnel
while passing therethrough and comprising:
a cutterhead support;
a cutterhead rotatably mounted on a forward end of said cutterhead
support for rotation about an axis generally coincident with a
longitudinal centerline of said tunnel;
a frame assembly rigidly connected to said cutterhead support and
extending generally rearwardly therefrom;
a gripper assembly mounted on said frame assembly rearwardly of
said cutterhead support for longitudinal movement with respect to
said cutterhead support, said gripper assembly comprising a pair of
oppositely directed grippers selectively radially extensible and
retractable for engagement and non- engagement with the wall of
said tunnel;
drive means interconnecting said cutterhead support and said
gripper assembly and operative to cause relative longitudinal
movement of said cutterhead support and said gripper assembly;
and
roll correction means carried by said cutterhead support and
operative to rotate said cutterhead support generally about the
axis of said cutterhead including bracing means fixable against the
wall of said tunnel and rolling means interconnecting said bracing
means with said cutterhead support and operative to rotate said
cutterhead support with respect to said bracing means about the
axis of said cutterhead when said bracing means is fixed against
the wall of said tunnel, wherein said bracing means comprises a
bottom support assembly mounted on a lower portion of said
cutterhead support and extending from said cutterhead support to
the invert of said tunnel and movable with respect to said
cutterhead support in a plane transverse to the axis of said
cutterhead in a path which partially circumscribes the axis of said
cutterhead, and wherein said rolling means is a pair of ram
assemblies each lying generally in a plane transverse to the axis
of said cutterhead and being disposed in a direction having a
non-radial component, and each of said ram assemblies having a
first element connected to said bottom support assembly and a
second element, telescopic with said first element, connected to
said cutterhead support, said ram assemblies being operative to
move said bottom support assembly in said path.
13. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 12 wherein said
bottom support assembly is slidably mounted on guiding means
rigidly connected to said cutterhead support for movement in said
path.
14. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 13 wherein said
bottom support assembly comprises a pair of support legs each
depending generally downwardly from said cutterhead support and
independently movable in said path.
15. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 14 wherein said
guiding means is arcuate in configuration and has a center
vertically displaced from the axis of said cutterhead whereby said
tunnel boring machine can be vertically steered by moving said
support legs toward and away from each other in said path.
16. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 14 wherein said
guiding means is generally eliptical in configuration and is
symmetrical about a vertical line through the axis of said
cutterhead whereby said tunnel boring machine can be vertically
steered by moving said support legs toward and away from each other
in said path.
17. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 14 wherein said
bottom support assembly further includes a pair of support shoes
each mounted at a lowermost end of a respective one of said support
legs and means on each of said support legs for moving at least a
portion of the respective support shoe vertically upwardly and
downwardly with respect to said support leg to thereby vertically
steer said tunnel boring machine.
18. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 12 wherein said
bottom support assembly is a unitary support member.
19. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 18 wherein said
bottom support assembly has an opening therein forming a throughway
under said cutterhead support.
20. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 12 wherein said
bottom support assembly is vertically movable with respect to said
cutterhead support and wherein said ram assemblies are operative to
cause respective vertical movement between said cutterhead support
and said bottom support assembly and thus to vertically steer said
tunnel boring machine.
21. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 20 wherein said
bottom support assembly includes an upwardly open guide having a
front inner surface, a rear inner surface, and opposed side inner
surfaces, and said cutterhead support includes a downward
projection disposed in said guide.
22. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 21 wherein said
projection fits tightly between said front inner surface and said
rear inner surface and fits loosely between said side inner
surfaces.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to tunnel boring machines of the
type which progressively drill a tunnel while passing therethrough.
Such machines generally comprise a cutterhead support and a
cutterhead rotatably mounted on the forward end of the cutterhead
support. Cutting tools such as rolling cutter assemblies are
mounted on the forward face of the cutterhead, and these cut away
the earth formation as the cutterhead is rotated and driven against
the end face of the tunnel. A frame assembly such as a main beam is
rigidly connected to the cutterhead support and extends rearwardly
therefrom.
A gripper assembly is carried on the frame assembly and is movable
toward and away from the cutterhead support along the axis of the
machine. The gripper assembly includes a pair of grippers which are
radially extensible and retractable for engagement and
non-engagement with the tunnel wall. The grippers may be extended
into engagement with the tunnel wall to provide thrust reaction as
the cutterhead support and attached cutterhead are driven forward
against the end face of the tunnel.
The gripper assembly can also provide reaction against the torque
of the rotating cutterhead when the grippers are engaged with the
wall since it is not rotatable with respect to the frame assembly.
However, the grippers often creep along the tunnel in a direction
opposite the direction of rotation of the cutterhead so that the
machine gradually rolls about its longitudinal axis. Means must
then be provided to periodically correct for this roll by restoring
the machine to its original position. It is also necessary to
provide means for steering the machine in the horizontal and
vertical directions.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Several different systems for correcting roll of a tunnel boring
machine have been designed. Examples of various roll correcting
systems are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,988,348; 3,061,287; and
3,203,737 as well as in our copending application Ser. No. 363,057.
One common feature of these roll correction systems is that they
are all built into the gripper assembly. In some of these machines
the grippers can be used for horizontal steering. In most of these
machines, however, additional horizontal steering means distal the
gripper assembly are provided. These may be laterally extensible
shoes mounted on opposite sides of the cutterhead support which can
be pushed against the tunnel wall to shove the machine to the right
or the left. Additionally, vertical steering is provided by some
form of jack or ram assembly distal the gripper assembly which is
operative to move either the front or the rear of the machine in a
vertical direction to turn the machine either upwardly or
downwardly. For example, our copending application Ser. No.
363,057, as well as U.S. Pat. No. 3,598,445 show tunnel boring
machines in which horizontal and vertical steering shoes are
mounted on the cutterhead support.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the tunnel boring machine of the present invention a roll
correction system is provided on the cutterhead support. In a
preferred embodiment the roll correction means is also operative to
steer the machine horizontally and vertically.
The bulk of the weight of the tunnel boring machine is located at
the front end in the cutterhead and cutterhead support. Thus, the
roll correction means on the cutterhead support is more nearly at
the center of mass of the machine than a roll correction system
requiring use of the gripper assembly. This obviously provides
easier and more efficient roll correction.
Additionally, in steering the machine horizontally and vertically,
positioning or displacement of the cutterhead is usually of primary
concern. Therefore, it is more desirable to steer the machine at
the front end, rather than at the rear or midway between, as this
allows maximum displacement of the cutterhead with minimum movement
of the steering mechanism. The present invention allows the
preferred steering means to be incorporated into the roll
correction means, all located at the front on the cutterhead
support, thereby eliminating unnecessary and wasteful duplication
of parts.
In one aspect of the invention, the roll correction means include a
pair of generally diametrically opposed control shoes which are
extensible in a generally radial direction for engagement with the
tunnel wall and retractable for non-engagement. Rolling means
interconnecting the cutterhead support and the control shoes are
operative to rotate the cutterhead support, and thus the frame
assembly and other connected parts, relative to the control shoes
about the axis of the cutterhead. The control shoes may be mounted
on piston and cylinder assemblies whose radially innermost ends are
pivotally connected to the cutterhead for pivoting of the piston
and cylinder assemblies in a plane transverse to the axis of the
cutterhead. The rolling means may comprise a set of ram assemblies
interconnecting respective control shoes with the cutterhead
support, lying in a plane transverse to the axis of the cutterhead,
and each having a non-radial component.
The control shoes may also be used for horizontal steering if they
are located at the sides of the tunnel boring machine. By pushing
one of the shoes against the wall of the tunnel while the other
shoe is retracted, the front of the machine can be urged in the
direction opposite the extended control shoe.
In another aspect of the invention, the roll correction means
comprises a bottom support assembly mounted on the lower portion of
the cutterhead support and movable with respect to the cutterhead
support in a plane transverse to the axis of the cutterhead and in
a path which partially circumscribes that axis. The bottom support
assembly supports the cutterhead support on the invert or floor of
the tunnel. The rolling means interconnect the bottom support
assembly and the cutterhead support and are operative to roll the
cutterhead support about the axis of the cutterhead relative to the
bottom support assembly, the bottom support assembly being held in
place against the invert of the tunnel by the weight of the front
end of the machine. The bottom support assembly may also be used to
effect vertical steering of the machine and can be designed to
provide a throughway to the cutterhead for making repairs, etc.
In the preferred embodiments of the invention, the roll correction
means includes both control shoes and a bottom support
assembly.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a
rotary tunnel boring machine having improved roll correction
means.
A further object is to provide roll correction means located on the
cutterhead support of a rotary tunnel boring machine.
Another object of the invention is to provide roll correction means
for a tunnel boring machine which are also operative to effect
horizontal and vertical steering of the machine.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a
tunnel boring machine with a complete steering and roll correction
system located on the cutterhead support.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be
made apparent by the detailed description, the drawings, and the
claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal elevational view of a tunnel boring
machine according to the invention taken from one side of the
machine and having some parts broken away and other parts shown in
section.
FIG. 2 is a partial horizontal sectional view on an enlarged scale
taken on the line 2--2 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view on an enlarged scale taken on
line 3--3 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal elevational view of a second
embodiment of the invention taken from one side of the machine and
having some parts broken away and other parts shown in section.
FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view on an enlarged scale taken on
the line 5--5 in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of a modification of the
machine of FIGS. 1-3 from the same viewpoint as FIG. 3.
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of another modification of
the machine of FIGS. 1-3 from the same viewpoint as FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1-3 represent a full face
rotary type tunnel boring machine comprising one embodiment of the
invention. The machine includes a cutterhead 10 at the forward end.
The cutterhead 10 is rotatably mounted on the forward end of a
cutterhead support 12 by a suitable bearing assembly
diagrammatically represented at 14 for rotation about the axis A,
generally coincident with the centerline of the tunnel T being
bored. Rigidly connected to the cutterhead support 12 and extending
rearwardly therefrom is a frame assembly, in this case a main beam
or main frame 16. Carried by the main beam 16 is a gripper assembly
including a carriage 18 and a pair of grippers 20. Compartments 22
and 24 are supported on the main beam 16 rearwardly of the gripper
assembly to provide a cab for the machine operator and housings for
hydraulic pumps and other equipment associated with the machine.
The front end of the machine is supported on the invert of the
tunnel by support legs 52 and support shoes 54 mounted on the
cutterhead support 12.
The machine passes through the tunnel while progressively drilling
the same. It is shown in FIG. 1 as it would appear when perfectly
aligned in a horizontal tunnel. It will be understood that tunnels
frequently are sloped, and not truly horizontal, and also that the
machine does not remain in perfect alignment during operation. For
example, the machine may roll about its axis A. Additionally, while
the axis A, which is fixed with respect to the machine, is always
generally aligned with the longitudinal centerline of the tunnel at
the location of the machine, it will deviate somewhat from such
alignment as the machine shifts about during drilling, as it is
steered horizontally and vertically to form the path of the tunnel,
which path is not always linear, as it rolls about axis A, etc. For
these reasons, the terms "vertical" and "horizontal" will be used
herein with reference to the machine itself as it appears in FIG.
1. For example, the axis A will always be considered a horizontal
line, and a plane perpendicular to the axis A will be a vertical
plane. Terms such as "top," "upward," " side," "laterally,"
"bottom" etc., will also be used with the machine itself as
reference. Finally, the axis A of the cutterhead will be considered
the axis of the machine as a whole, and terms such as "radially,"
"longitudinally" and "circumferentially" will be used with
reference to this axis.
Referring again to the drawings, it will be seen that each of the
grippers 20 is mounted on an extension 26 of the piston rod of a
hydraulic cylinder assembly 28. The cylinder assemblies 28 and
grippers 20 are disposed in a slideway guide 30. The cylinder
assemblies 28 and guide 30 comprise parts of the gripper assembly
and are pivotally mounted on the carriage 18 by a vertical pin 31.
This allows pivoting of the guide 30 and cylinder assemblies 28 in
a horizontal plane to prevent binding of the gripper assembly
during turning of the machine, etc. The grippers 20 may be
laterally extended by means of the cylinder assemblies 28 in the
guide 30 so that the grippers 20 engage the walls of the tunnel.
Similarly, the grippers 20 can be retracted for non-engagement with
the wall.
A hydraulic drive cylinder 36 connects each of the grippers 20 to
the rear face of the cutterhead support 12. The gripper carriage 18
is mounted on rails 31 on main beam 16 so that it can move
longitudinally on the main beam but does not rotate with respect
thereto. Drive cylinders 36 can be used to move the gripper
assembly longitudinally toward and away from the cutterhead support
when the grippers are not engaged with the tunnel wall, and they
can be used to move the cutterhead support 12 together with the
connected cutterhead 10 and main beam 16 longitudinally with
respect to the gripper assembly when the grippers are in engagement
with the tunnel wall. Cylinders 36 also serve to limit the pivotal
movement of guide 30 and cylinder assemblies 28.
During drilling, the grippers 20 are extended into engagement with
the tunnel wall. The drive cylinders 36 are then extended thrusting
the cutterhead 10 toward the end face of the tunnel.
Simultaneously, the cutterhead 10 is rotated by a motor 38 carried
by the cutterhead support 12. The gripper assembly with its
grippers 20 engaging the wall of the tunnel provides reaction for
both thrust and torque. A plurality of cutting tools, one of which
is shown at 40, are mounted on the forward face of the cutterhead
10. The cutting tools 40 cut away the earth formation from the face
of the tunnel as the cutterhead is rotated and driven forward. A
plurality of buckets 42 are rigidly mounted around the periphery of
the cutterhead 12 and rotate therewith. The buckets 42 are disposed
so as to scoop up the cuttings as they pass along the invert or
floor of the tunnel and drop them into a chute 44 when they reach
the top of the machine. The chute 44 directs the cuttings onto a
conveyor 46 which is disposed within the main beam 16 and carries
the cuttings to the rear of the machine. The cuttings can then be
removed from the tunnel.
When the cutterhead 10 has been advanced a desired distance, the
grippers 20 are brought out of engagement with the tunnel wall by
retraction of the cylinder assemblies 28. The drive cylinders 36
are then contracted to slide the gripper assembly forward on the
main beam 16. The grippers 20 are then re-engaged with the tunnel
wall, and drilling begins again.
While the gripper assembly does provide reaction to the torque
imposed on the cutterhead support by the rotating cutterhead, there
may be, over a period of time, a gradual creeping of the grippers
20 in an arcuate path along the tunnel wall due to this torque.
Thus, the gripper assembly rolls about the axis A and the main beam
and cutterhead support roll with it. It is necessary from time to
time to re-align the machine to correct for this roll. In addition,
it is necessary to steer the machine both horizontally and
vertically to cause the tunnel being drilled to follow the desired
path.
In accord with the present invention, a roll correction and
steering system is provided on the cutterhead support. The system
includes roll correction means and at least part of the roll
correction means also serves as steering means.
The roll correction means or roll correction system preferably
includes a pair of control shoes 48 which are generally
diametrically opposed and located at the sides of the cutterhead
support. Each of the shoes 48 has an integral projection 50
extending downwardly therefrom. The projections 50 are arcuate with
the axis A as their center. Each of the control shoes 48 is
connected to a bottom support assembly comprising a pair of support
legs 52, a support shoe 54 mounted at the lower end of each support
leg 52, and a hydraulic cylinder assembly 56 interconnecting each
support leg 52 with its respective support shoe 54. In particular,
each of the control shoes is pivotally connected at the lowermost
end of its extension 50 to a respective one of the support legs 52
at respective pivot points 58. A pair of arm structures extend
radially outwardly from opposite sides of the cutterhead support
12. Each of these arm structures comprises a vertically disposed
front plate 60 and a parallel rear plate 62. Each of the control
shoes 48 is partially disposed between the plates 60 and 62 of a
respective one of the arm structures so that the arm structures
guide the control shoes 48 and restrain their movement to a
vertical plane.
Each of the control shoes 48 is connected to the cutterhead support
by a respective hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 64. The
piston and cylinder assemblies 64 each have a substantial
horizontal component. Thus, since the shoes 48 are disposed at the
sides of the cutterhead support 12, they can be reciprocated
outwardly and inwardly in a generally radial direction with respect
to the cutterhead support 12 for engagement and non-engagement with
the walls of the tunnel. The piston and cylinder assemblies 64 are
pivoted at their connections to the cutterhead support, i.e. at
their radially innermost ends, as well as at their connections to
their respective control shoes 48 for pivotal movement in a
vertical plane.
Each of the support legs 52 is slidably mounted on a gib 66 on the
bottom of the cutterhead support. Each of the legs 52 is movable
with respect to the cutterhead support in a plane transverse to
axis A and in a path which partially circumscribes the axis A. In
this case, the path is a circular arc centered on the axis A, being
defined by the gib 66 which is arcuate and centered on axis A. It
will be understood that gibs of other forms could be employed to
guide the legs 52 in a path which partially circumscribes or
compasses the axis A, and also that guiding means other than gibs
could be used. For example, the gib could form a circular arc
having its center slightly above or below the axis A. In FIG. 6 a
modification is shown in which the circular arc gib 66' has its
center B located slightly above axis A. The gib could also take
non-circular forms. For example, it could be eliptical such as the
gib 66" in FIG. 7. In any event the gib is preferably symmetrical
about a line perpendicular to the axis A, preferably a vertical
line, and has a centroid located on that line near axis A. This
provides the balance needed for proper rolling action.
As the legs 52 can be moved relative to the cutterhead support 12,
the cutterhead support can similarly be rolled or rotated abut the
axis A with respect to the legs 52. It will be understood that if
the gib 66 is of some form other than a circular arc centered on
axis A, the axis A may shift somewhat from its initial position
when the machine is being rolled. However, the fact that the
centroid of the gib is near axis A ensures that axis A will remain
close to the centerline of the tunnel. The pivotal connections of
the piston and cylinder assemblies 64 and their substantial
horizontal components prevent them from unduly interfering with
such rolling action.
In order to roll the machine about the axis A, the control shoes 48
are first extended into firm engagement with the wall of the
tunnel. Since the support legs 52 are connected to the control
shoes 48, the extension of the control shoes fixes the bottom
support assembly with respect to the tunnel floor or invert.
Additionally, the weight of the front of the machine on the bottom
support assembly tends to hold it firmly in place on the invert of
the tunnel and to keep the connected control shoes 48 in place with
respect to the tunnel wall. Rolling means are then employed to roll
the cutterhead support 12, and thus, the main beam 16, gripper
carriage 18, compartments 22 and 24, etc., with respect to the
control shoes 48 and support legs 52 about the axis A.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3, the rolling means is a pair
of hydraulic ram assemblies 68 each having two elements, namely a
piston and cylinder. One of the elements of each ram assembly 68
must be connected to a respective one of the control shoes 48 or to
the bottom support assembly, and the other element must be
connected to the cutterhead support. In the preferred embodiments,
one element of each ram assembly 68 is connected to the bottom
support assembly as well as to a respective control shoe 48, since
each shoe 48 is in turn connected to the bottom support assembly.
As shown in FIG. 3, the pistons of the ram assemblies 68 are
pivotally connected to the arm structures of the cutterhead support
and the cylinders are pivotally connected directly to both the
anchor shoes 48 and the support legs 52 at the pivot points 58. It
is also necessary that the ram assemblies 68 lie in a vertical
plane transverse to the axis A, and that each ram assembly 68 has a
non-radial component of direction.
Thus, when the control shoes 48 are in engagement with the wall of
the tunnel, the machine can be rolled about the axis A in a desired
direction by contracting one of the ram assemblies 68 and extending
the other. Such rolling action will tend to compress one of the
piston and cylinder assemblies 64 and tension the other. For this
reason, the cylinders of the assemblies 64 can be interconnected so
as to maintain a constant overall pressure. This will allow one
assembly 64 to contract slightly and the other to expand slightly
when the machine rolls, while maintaining the same force on the
tunnel wall by the control shoes 48.
After rolling of the machine to re-align it in the tunnel being
drilled, the control shoes 48 can be retracted from the tunnel wall
by the piston and cylinder assemblies 64 and re-aligned at the
sides of the cutterhead support assembly by means of the ram
assemblies 68.
It will be appreciated that the gib mounted support legs 52 and
attached support shoes 54 guide the cutterhead support during the
rolling operation.
In the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, the roll
correction means includes both a bottom support assembly and a pair
of control shoes. It will be understood that roll correction could
be accomplished in a machine in which the roll correction means per
se included a pair of opposed control shoes but not a bottom
support assembly or one in which the roll correction means per se
included a bottom support assembly but not control shoes. In any
event, the roll correction means includes some type of bracing
mechanism which can be fixed against the tunnel wall and with
respect to which the rolling means can rotate the cutterhead
support.
It will be appreciated that since the control shoes 48 are located
on opposite sides of the machine, they can be used to horizontally
steer the machine. For example, to steer the machine to the right,
the control shoe on the right of the machine would be retracted and
the control shoe on the left of the machine extended against the
tunnel wall, thus shoving the front of the machine to the right.
This procedure would be reversed to steer the machine to the
left.
As seen in FIG. 1, the support shoes 54 are pivoted to their
respective support legs 52 at 70. The lower surface of each of
these shoes slopes upwardly near its rear end. Thus, the machine
can be steered vertically be extension and contraction of the
cylinder assemblies 56. Extension of the cylinder assemblies 56
will lower the front of the machine and contraction will raise the
front end of the machine. While in the embodiment shown, the shoes
54 are pivoted to the legs 56 so that only a portion of each shoe
54 moves vertically upon actuation of the cylinder assemblies 56,
it will be appreciated that the entire shoe might be made
vertically reciprocating with respect to its support leg if
desired. Thus, there is incorporated into the roll correction means
on the cutterhead support a complete steering system.
It will also be appreciated that when the control shoes 58 are not
in engagement with the tunnel wall, the ram assemblies 68 can be
used to move the support legs 52 and their respective support shoes
54 and cylinder assemblies 56 in their arcuate path on the gib 66.
In particular, contraction of both ram assemblies 68 will move the
support legs 52 laterally apart to provide a throughway 72 under
the cutterhead support 12 through which workmen can pass to service
the cutterhead 10.
Movable support shoes such as 54 and separate vertical steering
cylinders such as 56 are necessary only when the gib 66 is in the
form of a circular arc centered on the axis A. In other cases, such
as when the gib is elliptical as shown in FIG. 7 or when the gib is
in the form of a circular arc which is not centered on axis A as
shown in FIG. 6, the machine can be designed so that, with the
control shoes 48 in retracted position, it can be vertically
steered by the ram assemblies 68. For example, in FIG. 6 the gib
66' is in the form of a circular arc with its center located above
axis A at B. The machine can be steered upwardly by extending both
of the ram assemblies 68, sliding support legs 52' toward each
other, and downwardly by contracting both of the ram assemblies 68.
In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the gib 66" is elliptical, having its
centroid at A. The machine can be steered downwardly by extending
both ram assemblies 68 and upwardly by contracting both ram
assemblies 68.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, another embodiment of the invention
is shown. The tunnel boring machine of FIGS. 4 and 5 is basically
the same as that of FIGS. 1-3. Briefly, the machine of FIGS. 4 and
5 comprises a cutterhead 10, having cutting tools 40 and buckets
42, and rotatably mounted on a cutterhead support 12'. A main beam
16 extends rearwardly from the cutterhead support 12' and a gripper
assembly including a carriage 18 and grippers 20 is mounted on the
main beam 16. Compartments (not shown) would be carried by the main
beam 16. The machine also includes drive cylinders 36 and motor
38.
The cutterhead support 12' has arm structures comprising front
plates 60' and rear plates 62' essentially the same as the arm
structures of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3. Disposed partially
between each pair of plates 60' and 62' is a control shoe 48' with
an arcuate downward projection 50'. The projections 50' are
pivotally connected at points 58' to a bottom support assembly
which, in this embodiment, is a unitary support member 74. The
support member 74 includes two upstanding, upwardly open guides 80
with an opening 78 therebetween to provide a throughway under the
cutterhead support 12' to the cutterhead 10. Disposed in the guides
80 are a pair of integral downward projections 76 of the cutterhead
support 12'. As viewed in the transverse vertical plane of FIG. 5,
there is clearance between the inner surfaces of the guides 80 and
the projections 76 on all sides. Thus, the projections 76 can move
both sideways and vertically with respect to the support member 74.
This allows the support member 74 to be moved in a plane transverse
to axis A in a path which partially circumscribes the axis A, and
also allows the cutterhead support 12' to be rolled generally about
axis A relative to support member 74. In this embodiment there is
no gib or the like to guide the support member 74 in a distinct
path. However, it can be seen that, due to the clearance between
the guides 80 and the projections 76, the support member 74 can
move in a path having one component of direction extending
horizontally toward one side of the machine and another component
extending vertically upwardly along that side. Similarly, support
member 74 can move toward the other side of the machine and
upwardly therealong. Such a path partially circumscribes the axis
A. The contact between the lower surface of the support member 74
and the invert of the tunnel helps to guide the support member 74
in its movement, particularly when the support member 74 is curved
to correspond to the curvature of the tunnel as shown. As viewed in
the longitudinal vertical plane of FIG. 4, the projections 76 fit
tightly within the guides 80 from front to back whereby relative
forward and backward movement between the support member 74 and the
cutterhead support is prevented. If opening 78 is not desired, a
single upwardly open guide and mating projection of the cutterhead
may be provided.
The control shoes 48 are radially extendible and retractable with
respect to the cutterhead support 12' by means of the piston and
cylinder assemblies 64' on which the shoes 48 are mounted. Like the
assemblies 64 of the first embodiment, the assemblies 64' are
pivoted at both ends for pivoting in a vertical plane transverse to
the axis A. The piston and cylinder assemblies 64' are disposed in
a truly radial direction and, when the machine is properly aligned
in the tunnel, lie between the plates 60' and 62' of their
respective arm structures. Because the purpose of the assemblies
64' is to effect radial movement of the control shoes 48', their
truly radial position makes them more efficient than the cylinders
64 of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3. However, the assemblies 64 of
FIGS. 1-3 would be easier to service, since they do not lie between
the plates 60 and 62. It will be appreciated that either of these
piston and cylinder arrangements, i.e., either assemblies such as
64 or assemblies such as 64', as well any other suitable
arrangements could be used with either embodiment of the invention
depending on the requirements of the particular machine.
Rolling means are provided in the form of a pair of hydraulic ram
assemblies 68' similar to the ram assemblies 68 of FIGS. 1-3. Ram
assemblies 68' each have one element, i.e., the piston, connected
to a respective one of the arm structures of the cutterhead support
and the other element, i.e., the cylinder, connected to support
member 74 and a respective one of the control shoes 48' at one of
the connection points 58' on the same side of the machine as the
respective arm structure. Ram assemblies 68' lie in a transverse
vertical plane and each has a non-radial component of direction so
that they can effect the rolling action.
As with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, the machine of FIGS. 4 and 5
can be steered horizontally by means of the control shoes 48'. To
steer to the right, the right hand control shoe is retracted and
the left hand control shoe extended against the tunnel wall. The
procedure is reversed to steer to the left.
Because of the unitary construction of the bottom support assembly
in the form of support member 74, the machine can be steered
vertically by means of the ram assemblies 68'. To steer the machine
upwardly, both ram assemblies 68' are extended moving the
cutterhead support 12' upwardly with respect to support member 74.
To steer downwardly, both ram assemblies 68' are contracted so that
the cutterhead support 12' is lowered with respect to support
member 74.
Finally, the machine can be rolled about axis A in much the same
manner as the machine of FIGS. 1-3 by retracting one of the ram
assemblies 68' and extending the other. Axis A may shift somewhat
during rolling but will remain close to the centerline of the
tunnel.
Thus, both embodiments of the invention provide a roll correction
system on the cutterhead support of a tunnel boring machine. The
roll correction system also incorporates vertical and horizontal
steering means so that a complete steering and alignment system is
provided on the cutterhead support.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many
modifications of the invention are possible, the scope of the
invention being limited only by the claims.
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