U.S. patent number 3,918,453 [Application Number 05/484,649] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-11 for surgical suction device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Baxter Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ronald J. Leonard.
United States Patent |
3,918,453 |
Leonard |
November 11, 1975 |
Surgical suction device
Abstract
A surgical suction device is provided having a suction tip and a
suction motor communicating with the tip by a length of flexible
tubing. The improvement of this invention relates to a control for
starting and stopping the motor. The control is positioned remotely
from the suction tip, while pneumatic pressure varying means,
communicating with the control, are positioned adjacent the suction
tip. The control is operated in a manner responsive to pressure
variations in the pneumatic pressure means.
Inventors: |
Leonard; Ronald J. (Elk Grove
Village, IL) |
Assignee: |
Baxter Laboratories, Inc.
(Deerfield, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23925015 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/484,649 |
Filed: |
July 1, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/67; 417/36;
604/153 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
1/741 (20210501); A61B 2018/00934 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
1/00 (20060101); A61B 18/00 (20060101); A61M
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/276-278 ;32/33
;200/81R,81.6 ;417/35-36 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Layton; Henry S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ellis; Garrettson
Claims
That which is claimed is:
1. In a surgical suction device which comprises a tubular suction
member having a suction tip, and a mechanically-operated blood
suction pump, the improvement comprising: pressure responsive pump
control means for actuating said suction pump upon sensing a first
pressure level, and for shutting said pump off upon sensing a
second pressure level, a pressure conduit, other than said suction
member, communicating with said pressure responsive pump control
means for providing pressure for sensing by said control means,
said pressure conduit extending to a position adjacent said suction
tip; and means for varying and controlling, from a position
adjacent said suction tip, the pressure within said pressure
conduit to correspondingly control the operation of said suction
pump.
2. The device of claim 1 in which said pressure controlling means
comprises a source for providing pressurized fluid to said pressure
conduit, and a manually obstructable aperture, communicating with
the exterior, in said pressure conduit adjacent said suction tip,
whereby obstruction of said aperture elevates the pressure in said
pressure conduit, to actuate said pump control means to operate
said pump, and removal of said obstruction causes said fluid
pressure to fall back toward essentially ambient pressure,
actuating said pump control means to shut said pump off.
3. The device of claim 2 in which said fluid is air.
4. The surgical suction device of claim 2 in which said
mechanically-operated blood suction pump is an electrically
operated roller pump.
5. The device of claim 1 in which said pressure controlling means
comprises a suction source communicating with said pressure
conduit, and a manually obstructable aperture communicating with
the exterior in said pressure conduit adjacent said suction tip,
whereby obstruction of said aperture causes a reduction of the
pressure in said pressure conduit, to actuate said pump control
means to operate said pump, and removal of said obstruction causes
said pressure to rise back toward essentially ambient pressure, to
actuate said pump control means to shut said pump off.
6. The device of claim 1 in which said pressure control means
comprises a squeeze bulb connected to an aperture of said pressure
conduit adjacent said suction tip, said pressure conduit being
pneumatically sealed from the exterior, whereby manual pressure on
said squeeze bulb elevates the pressure in said pressure conduit,
to actuate said pump control means to operate said pump, and
removal of said manual pressure on said squeeze bulb causes
pressure to fall back to essentially ambient pressure, actuating
said pump control means to shut said pump off.
7. The device of claim 1 in which said pressure control means
comprises a source for providing pressurized gas to said pressure
conduit, said pressure conduit being essentially co-extensive with
said suction tip and having an open aperture positioned next to
said suction tip, whereby immersion of said suction tip and open
aperture to a predetermined depth into a pool of liquid to be
removed by suction will create a liquid pressure head against said
open aperture, to correspondingly elevate the pressure within said
pressure conduit, to actuate said pump control means to operate
said pump, while lowering of said liquid pressure head causes the
gas pressure in said pressure conduit to be reduced, actuating said
pump control means to shut said pump off.
8. In the method of removing fluids from a surgical incision or the
like by means of a suction tip and a mechanically-operated blood
suction pump communicating with said tip through a length of
tubing, the improvement which comprises: providing a flow of
pressurized fluid through a conduit and through an aperture in said
conduit adjacent said tip; and altering said pressure in said
conduit by restricting flow through said aperture, to actuate
pressure switch means communicating with said conduit and
positioned remotely from said suction tip, to correspondingly
actuate said suction pump by said pressure switch means when said
suction is desired.
9. The surgical suction device of claim 8 in which said
mechanically-operated blood suction pump is an electrically
operated roller pump.
10. The method of claim 9 which comprises thereafter removing the
restriction of flow from said aperture, to permit the opening of
said pressure switch means to halt the operation of said pump.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Surgical suction devices are primarily used in such medical
procedures as cardiotomy operations and the like, which are serious
operations involving a heavy loss of blood. In this type of
operation, a surgical suction device is used to keep the operating
field clear of blood, and thus visible to the surgeon. Usually, the
blood is recycled through the suction device into a so-called
cardiotomy reservoir, which serves as a blood storage and filtering
means, so that the blood may be re-infused to the patient during or
after the operation. This reduces the amount of donated blood which
has to be administered to the patient.
Membrane and bubble type blood oxygenators are used in many of the
major surgical procedures in which surgical suction is used and the
sucked blood is recirculated. The hemolysis reduction in these
oxygenator devices has advanced to the point where the hemolysis of
blood in the surgical suction apparatus has become a significant
percentage of the total hemolysis of blood during the entire
operation.
It is believed by many skilled in the art that the best method of
reducing the amount of blood hemolysis created by the surgical
sucker is by careful control of the suction pump, to prevent it
from operating while the suction device is not immersed in blood.
When the pumps do so operate without the suction tip being immersed
in blood, the residue of blood remaining in the suction lines is
bubbled and foamed due to the rush of air through the lines. This
causes a great deal of hemolysis, as well as clotting and other
undesirable effects.
However, in the heat of surgery, the frustrated surgeon's cry for
more suction usually causes the already overburdened pump
technician to merely turn the suction pump on, and allow it to run
constantly. As a result, the hemolysis of the blood takes place, as
well as the creation of clots and other blood debris, and the
formation of air microbubbles, which are difficult to remove from
the blood, and which are distinctly undesirable for re-infusion to
the patient.
Solutions to this problem have been attempted in Jackson U.S. Pat.
No. 3,469,582, and Halligan U.S. Pat. No. 3,319,628, in which the
suction at the tip of a surgical suction device is halted by the
use of venting pipe bypass techniques, so that, although the pump
continues to run, the suction device does not operate until the
bypass is occluded by the thumb or some other means. However, this
arrangement does not protect the blood already in the surgical
suction line from damage by foaming, since the pump continues to
operate. Also, this air tends to overburden filters, and reservoirs
used to separate the blood and air before the return of the blood
to the patient.
Also, it is definitely undesirable to utilize spark-forming
electrical connections anywhere in the vicinity of the surgical
field, because of the presence of the pure oxygen being
administered to the patient. Additionally, protection must be made
against leakage of electrical current, since the device may be in
contact with the heart, which can be fibrillated by even very low
electrical stimulation. Furthermore, all of the equipment in the
vicinity of the surgical field is desirably sterilizable and
disposable, for maximum protection against infection.
This invention provides a device which avoids the above
disadvantages, and provides a conveniently operable, disposable
device for controlling a surgical suction pump from a location
adjacent the suction tip in the surgical field, without requiring
electrical equipment in the surgical field area.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, a surgical suction device is
provided having a suction tip, and a suction pump communicating
with the tip by a length of flexible tubing. The improvement of
this invention comprises, in combination, control means for
starting and stopping the pump, the control means being positioned
remotely from the suction tip, away from the surgical field and the
pure oxygen; and pneumatic pressure varying means adjacent the
suction tip, communicating with the control means, to operate the
control means in a manner responsive to pressure variations in the
pneumatic pressure varying means.
Generally, the pressure varying means communicates with the
pressure responsive pump control means for actuating the suction
pump upon sensing a first pressure level and for shutting the pump
off upon sensing a second pressure level. A pressure conduit
generally provides the communication described above.
Various specific embodiments of the above-described device are
shown in the drawings below:
In the drawings,
FIG. 1 is a diagramatic view of a typical surgical suction device
in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view, substantially enlarged,
of the sucker portion of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, elevational view, with portions broken away,
of the power and control unit of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power and control unit
of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the sucker portion of a
modified version of the device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of the sucker portion of
another modified version of the device of FIG. 1.
Referring in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2, a cardiotomy suction
system is disclosed which comprises a conventional suction tip 10,
which may be inserted into a surgical site for removing excess,
pooled blood from the site, to permit the surgeon to work. Suction
tip 10 generally has a plurality of suction holes 11 at different
positions to prevent blockage of all of the holes at any one time
during the surgical operation.
Tip 10 is carried on a suction tube 12, typically made of steel,
which, in turn is carried by handle 14 with which the operator can
grasp the device. Suction tip 10 and tube 12 constitute an
extension of suction line 16, which communicates with tube 12 at
the rear of handle 14, and is generally made of flexible, plastic
tubing.
Suction line 16 is shown to comprise an enlarged section 18, which
fits in the track of a conventional medical roller pump and motor
20, such as is commercially available from Sarns, Inc. of Ann
Arbor, Mich. Accordingly, the operation of the roller pump and
motor 20 provides suction within line 16, tube 12 and tip 10.
Blood which is expelled past roller pump 20 typically passes in
line 22 to a cardiotomy reservoir 24, which is a commercially
available item. There, the blood is filtered and stored until the
surgeon determines to reinfuse the blood to the patient through
line 26. Air which is pumped into reservoir 24 by pump and motor 20
is vented through port 25.
In accordance with this invention, a control means for pump and
motor 20 is provided so that it can be easily actuated and shut-off
as often as desired, to prevent hemolysis of the blood in blood
lines or conduits 16 and 22, for example, and to prevent the
creation of microbubbles of air and small clots, which are not
easily filtered.
Electrical control cable 28 is shown in the specific embodiment of
FIG. 1 to provide electrical power to pump and motor 20 for its
operation. The electrical power is supplied from power and control
unit 30, which may be attached to a conventional electrical power
outlet by plug and cable 31, and operates in a manner to be
described below.
Power and control unit 30 also provides a stream of air to conduit
34, which communicates in a Y-connection with conduits 34 and 36
respectively. Both lines contain bacterial filters 90, 91
(preferably less than 1 micron pore size) which prevent any
possibility of contamination of the surgical field by the
communicating air stream. Typically, conduits 32, 34, 36 are made
of vinyl plastisol or the like as a single unit, which unit is
separably connected to power and control unit 30, so that the
conduits, and the blood flow lines, may be sterilized before use,
and disposed of after use, for maximum insurance of sterility.
Conduit 36 defines a tubular section 38, which may be a flexible
plastic tube attached at its outer periphery to blood flow line 16.
Alternatively, a double lumen tubing may be extruded to serve as
both blood flow line 16 and tubular section 38. However, distal
portion 39 of conduit 36 is preferably separate from blood flow
line 16, to permit convenient assembly of the device.
Tubular section 38 communicates with the interior of hollow handle
14, where it terminates, allowing the pressurized air or other
fluid from power and control unit 30 to pass through the hollow
interior of handle 14. Aperture 40 in handle 14 normally permits
the exit of the pressurized air or other fluid.
However, when one wishes to operate pump and motor 20 in order to
obtain suction at tip 10, one simply manually obstructs aperture 40
with the thumb or the like, which consequently causes the pressure
in conduit 36 to build up. Accordingly, the pressure of conduit 32
builds up as well, which actuates a pressure switch 42 (see FIGS. 3
and 4), which in turn causes the operation of pump motor 20. When
one releases the obstruction to aperture 40, the pressure in
conduits 32, 34 and 36 correspondingly drops, and pump motor 20 is
shut off by the opening of pressure switch 42.
Referring more particularly to FIGS. 3 and 4, further structure,
and details of the electrical operation of the apparatus of this
invention are disclosed.
As previously stated, the function of power and control unit 30 is
to provide electric power to pump motor 20 in a manner responsive
to the sensing of a predetermined air or fluid pressure, which is
controlled in conduit 32, leading to pressure switch 42, by the
simple and convenient manual blocking or unblocking or aperture 40.
Because of this simple technique for operating pump 20, the surgeon
can exert better control over operation of the surgical sucker than
has been previously possible, resulting in less hemolysis and other
undesirable effects as described above, and with no electrical
components near the surgical field.
FIG. 3 shows conduit 32 as conventionally connected to control unit
30, in fluid flow communication with internal flow tube 44, which
communicates with pressure switch 42 for the actuation thereof.
Conduit 34 is likewise conventionally connected to flow tube 46
within control unit 30, which, in turn, is connected to the output
of a simple fluid pump 48. In the specific embodiment shown, the
pump can be an inexpensive, commercially available vibratory air
pump for an aquarium, manufactured by the Metaframe Corporation of
Maywood, N.J.
Accordingly, upon operation of the apparatus, a continuous outflow
of air is provided to conduits 46 and 34, and accordingly to
conduit 36, for providing a continuous outflow of pressurized air
through aperture 40. Upon blockage of aperture 40, pressurized air
passes into conduit 32, and from thence to flow line 44, where the
increased pressure actuates pressure switch 42 to operate pump
motor 20.
A suitable pressure switch 42 is manufactured by the Fairchild
Hiller Corporation under the nomenclature PSF 100A-6C. This
particular switch can be actuated at an overpressure of 3 to 6
inches of water, and has electrical contacts rated for 0.1 ampere
current flow.
As shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 4, normal line alternating
current (approximately 110 v.) is provided to conductor lines 50
and 52, which may each be connected to opposite terminals of plug
and cable 31. Lines 50 and 52 provide an operating circuit for air
pump 48, for continuous operation of the pump, while the circuit is
energized. Line 54 connects plug 31 to ground.
Rectifier diode 56 is provided in line 52 to cut the electrical
current received by pump 48 by one-half wave per cycle, so that the
electrical power received by the pump is reduced to a value desired
for use in the specific device shown herein. This arrangement
permits the use of an inexpensive, off-the-shelf pump, rather than
an especially made pump of the desired power.
Line 58 is connected to 10 kilohm, 1 watt resistor 60 at one end
and to line 50 at the other.
Line 62 connects resistor 60 to one terminal of pressure switch 42.
The other terminal of pressure switch 42 is connected by line 64 to
gate 65 of a triac 67, which controls the current through triac 67
between lines 66, 69 in a manner responsive to a voltage in line
64. When the pressure switch 42 is closed, triac 67 is closed to
permit current flow through line 66. A suitable triac component is
available from Motorola under the stock number MAC 1-4.
It may be appreciated that the use of switch 42 and triac 67 to
control the suction device minimizes sparking and unwanted
electromagnetic interference, which could be encountered with
mechanical switches. Triac 67 controls the power current flowing
between lines 66 and 69. Switch 42 controls the action of triac 67.
Triac 67 only shuts off when switch 42 is opened and the current
flow through triac 67 is zero, which occurs twice per cycle with
conventional alternating current as is used here.
Resistor 60 limits the potential at switch 42, and hence the
likelihood of arcing when switch 42 is opened.
Line 68 provides electrical communication through cable 28 between
triac 67 aand plug 70. Line 68 connects through plug 70 with a
terminal of pump motor 20.
Light 74 is energized when triac 67 is in open mode, since, under
those circumstances, approximately a 110 volt potential exists
between opposite terminals of triac 67, and between lines 58 and
68. Thus, light 74 functions as a power light, indicating the
readiness of the device to operate.
When pressure switch 42 is closed, allowing a voltage to reach line
64 to open triac gate 67, the electrical potential between lines 58
and 68 is greatly reduced, and light 74 is accordingly extinguished
during the time that pressure switch 42 is closed. Simultaneously,
however, an electrical potential is applied across line 68 and line
76. Line 76 communicates through cable 72 with the opposite
terminal of pump motor 20 from line 68, the potential being created
by the resistance of pump motor 20. This potential is sufficient to
cause light 80 to light, indicating that motor 20 is receiving
power.
Thus, the operator of the device of this invention can use lights
74 and 80 as indicators of the operating status of the device of
this invention.
Ground line 78 to plug 70 communicates with ground line 54. Both
lines may be connected to the casing of unit 30 at 79.
In FIG. 3, triac 67 is shown to be separated from the inner wall of
the casing of power and control unit 30 by insulating posts 80.
If desired, a suitable pump 48 can be arranged to provide suction
to conduits 34 and 36 rather than pressure, and the fluid
communication arrangement to the pressure switch 42 can be
appropriately modified with a diaghragm means or the like so that
the pressure switch is actuated to permit current flow upon the
sensing of a reduced pressure rather than an increased pressure.
However, one disadvantage of this is that there may be suction of
blood or the like into aperture 40. It is possible that conduits
34, 36 could thus be somehow plugged, and accordingly pump motor 20
would continuously operate, and could only be shut off by
deenergizing the circuit.
Alternatively, a circuit can be easily designed in which the pump
motor operates only when the pressure switch 42 is in the "off"
position, rather than the "on" position. This might be conveniently
utilized in conjunction with the mode in which suction is provided
to conduits 34, 36, rather than a positive pressure.
Turning to FIG. 5, a modification of the suction tip of this
invention is disclosed. Basically, handle 14 and aperture 40 are
shown to be replaced with a resilient squeeze bulb member 82,
without significant change in the remaining parts of the device.
Accordingly, manual depression of squeeze bulb 82 creates a
pressure in conduit 36, which is analogous to the pressure in the
same conduit in the embodiment of the previous figures, and which
has the same effect of closing pressure switch 42 for actuation of
pump motor 20. When manual pressure is removed from squeeze bulb
member 82, its natural resilience causes it to re-expand and to
reduce the pressure in conduit 36, causing pressure switch 42 to
open again, cutting off the supply of power to pump motor 20.
FIG. 6 discloses another closely related embodiment, a tip for a
sump-operated suction member. It is contemplated that a single
surgical suction apparatus may include a suction unit plus pump
motor and circuitry in accordance with FIGS. 1 through 4, but shall
also include an additional suction unit with a separate, similar
pump motor and circuitry, having a suction tip in accordance with
FIG. 6.
The suction tip of FIG. 6 is adapted to be positioned at the lowest
part of the surgical incision or the body cavity from which
drainage is desired. Thus, as blood or the like pools in the bottom
of the incision, and its level rises, a pressure head against the
exiting air is created at the mouth 84 of elongated tube 86, which
in turn communicates with pressure conduit 36. Accordingly, when a
sufficient pressure head of blood or other liquid has accumulated
at mouth 84, the pressure in conduit 36 will correspondingly rise
to a value equal to the pressure head. This increased pressure will
be sensed by the pressure switch 42, to actuate a suction pump
motor in the manner similarly described until the blood-created
pressure head falls. Pressure switches are commercially available
at the present time which are capable of sensing fluid
overpressures as low as one-half to one inch of water, so the
pressure upon which the embodiment of FIG. 6 operates can be
selected as desired from a wide range of pressures.
Thus, this embodiment can operate automatically, to keep a fluid
level as low as desired.
Accordingly, a surgical suction pump is provided in which the blood
suction motor can be started and turned off by simple manual
manipulation from a location near the suction tip, or by other
pressure responsive means, without the use of electrical
componentry near the surgical field. As a result, the improvement
of this invention can be used to substantially reduce the hemolysis
of blood during the surgical operation, and disposable components
can be used near the surgical field, for greater patient safety and
more rapid recovery.
The above has been offered for illustrative purposes only, and is
not intended to limit the invention of this application, which is
defined in the claims below.
* * * * *