U.S. patent number 3,918,262 [Application Number 05/503,589] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-11 for hot exhaust gas recirculating system for a stirling engine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ford Motor Company. Invention is credited to Norman D. Postma.
United States Patent |
3,918,262 |
Postma |
November 11, 1975 |
Hot exhaust gas recirculating system for a stirling engine
Abstract
An apparatus for a Stirling type engine is disclosed which is
effective to aspirate spent exhaust gases into a downstream jet
eminating from the outlet of a blower for the induction system of
the engine.
Inventors: |
Postma; Norman D. (Northville,
MI) |
Assignee: |
Ford Motor Company (Dearborn,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
24002713 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/503,589 |
Filed: |
September 5, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/517;
60/39.52 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02G
1/055 (20130101); F02G 2258/10 (20130101); F02G
2244/50 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02G
1/00 (20060101); F02G 1/055 (20060101); F02G
001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/39.52,517
;123/119A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ostrager; Allen M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Malleck; Joseph W. Zerschling;
Keith L.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. In a Stirling type engine, having an external heating system for
operating a closed high pressurized working gas system, the
combination comprising:
a. a heat source circuit having an induction portion, a combustion
portion and an exhaust portion,
b. variable speed blower means in said circuit having an outlet,
said blower means being effective to draw ambient air along a
streamline into said induction portion,
c. a recirculation passage connecting said exhaust portion and
induction portion, and
d. connection means having an aspirator, said means providing a
joint between said recirculating passage, induction portion, and
blower outlet, said aspirator being located at the immediate outlet
of said blower to maximize flow velocity and provide a variable
pressure differential between the pressurized low temperature blown
air and the high temperature low pressure exhaust gases, said
differential being varied in direct response to the outlet velocity
of said blower means.
2. The combination as in claim 1, in which said aspirator means
comprises a nozzle disposed about the outlet of said blower to
create a jet of blown air and a low pressure zone surrounding said
jet of blown air.
3. The combination as in claim 1, which further comprises a
preheating wheel effective to exchange a substantial portion of the
heat content of said spent gases to the streamline of inducted air
at a location downstream from said connection means, said inducted
air thus being heated by two paths, one including the preheater
wheel and the other including the latent heat of said exhaust gases
which are recirculated to said inducted air.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
To obtain good fuel economy, Stirling engines of recent design
usually have a preheater for inducted air which is cumbersome and
expensive. It is a device that extracts heat from the exhaust gases
that otherwise would be wasted and exposes the incoming air to such
heat content. One conventional mode of carrying out this function
is to use a regenerative wheel which exposes approximately a half
sector to the hot exhaust gases, then rotates to expose that same
sector to the inducted air; the wheel, of course, is dynamically
sealed so as to separate the exhaust gases from inducted air.
A problem which is being given considerable attention by engine
designers is the ability to meet the emission requirements of the
Federal government. In the Stirling type engine, it is necessary to
recirculate spent exhaust gases by adding as a mix to the inducted
air for further combustion of unburned hydrocarbons. However,
exhaust gases in a Stirling engine are of a higher temperature
level than other types of engines. If such exhaust gases were bled
directly into the air intake for the induction system, air pump or
blower parts may be detrimentally affected. Furthermore, the
bleeding of exhaust gases to the inlet side of the induction system
does not lead to adequate sequestering of exhaust gases so as to be
tuned to the various modes of operation of the engine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the primary object of this invention to provide an apparatus
for a Stirling type engine which is effective to simultaneously
reduce the size requirement for a preheater and to allow for a
durable and controlled sequestering of exhaust gases into the
induction system for the engine without affecting the mechanical
capabilities of the engine components.
Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which
is effective to recirculate spent exhaust gases from the heat
source circuit of a Stirling type engine, utilizing the high exit
velocities of the blower of the induction system to aspirate and
mix low pressure high temperature exhaust gases with the high
pressure lower temperature inducted air.
Yet still another object of this invention is to provide an
anti-pollution device for a Stirling type engine which is
simultaneously effective to lower the cost of construction of the
engine while at the same time providing a low cost solution to
exhaust gas recirculation control utilizing a simple shroud and
nozzle arrangement.
SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective and exploded view of a Stirling
type engine illustrating the induction system and the general
placement of the elements of this invention; and
FIG. 2 is a slightly enlarged elevational schematic view of that
shown in FIG. 1, showing that portion of the induction system
broken away to illustrate a nozzle and shroud assembly for
aspirating exhaust gases into the inducted air exiting from the air
blower.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As shown in FIG. 1, a preferred mode of a Stirling type engine
within which the environment for this improvement is adapted,
comprises an open heat source circuit A, a closed working gas
system B, a mechanical drive C and an aspirator means D which forms
a principal part of this invention.
The open heat source system A is arranged to induct ambient air by
way of a centrifugal blower 10 which is driven by suitable power
take-off mechanism 11 connected to the mechanical drive C. The
blower raises the pressure of the inducted air, and forces such air
along a stream 12 passing through an induction passage 13 leading
to the combustion zone or portion 14. The combustion zone
preferably comprises a cylindrical chamber having a plurality
opening 14a therein for admitting the pressurized inducted air;
fuel is injected into said combustion chamber by way of a nozzle 16
drawing fuel by pump 50 from a reservoir 17. A fuel/air control 51
operates in conjunction with an inlet valve 52 to vary
combustion.
Gases are combusted in zone 14 and travel about the exterior of
tubing containing a part of the closed working gas system B; the
gases enter a sector of the ceramic preheater wheel 18 which slowly
rotates to expose said heated sector to the incoming air in passage
13. After passing through the sector of the preheater wheel 18, the
exhaust gases pass outwardly through exhaust tube 19 and then
eventually through terminal exhaust passages 20.
The closed working gas system B, though not particularly
illustrated in FIGS. 1 or 2, may typically comprise a hot working
space and a low temperature working space interconnected by a
labyrinth of tubes, such as the heater tubes 22, which are
effective to convey a high pressurized gas (such as hydrogen)
reciprocally through a heat accumulator or heat regenerator
interposed therein. The critical portion of the closed working gas
sytem B, which is related directly to the open heat source system
A, is that portion of the interconnecting tubes which lay to one
side of the regenerators and are typically called heater tubes. In
a double-acting type of Stirling engine, such interconnecting tubes
connect the space disposed to one side of an operating piston in a
first cylinder, to the space disposed to an opposite side of an
operation piston in a second cylinder. In this fashion, several
cylinders of the engine are cascaded. Heat is absorbed through
walls of these interconnecting tubes and transferred to the closed
working gas reciprocated therethrough.
The mechanical drive C for a Stirling type engine may typically be
of the swash-plate type useful with a doubleacting type engine,
whereby each of the connecting rods from the several cylinders of
the engines are arranged to impart a working pulse to the swash
plate at points 90.degree. indexed from the adjacent connecting
rod. The drive plate is thereby rotated sinously to provide a
smooth drive to a driven shaft 21.
To promote low emissions from a Stirling type engine, exhaust gas
recirculation is typically utilized which comprises a passage 25
interconnecting an opening in the exhaust tube 19 with an opening
in the induction passage 13. The aspirator means D of this
invention, particularly useful in the sequestration of the exhaust
gases for recirculation comprises a nozzle 46 and a shroud 30. The
nozzle is disposed at the outlet opening 27 of the blower 10 and
has a configuration effective to force the pressurized outlet air
to form a jet 28 directed along the streamline 29. The shroud 30 is
defined about the nozzle and is spaced radially from the nozzle
outlet 46a; the shroud has opening 30a to receive the exhaust gas
recirculation passage 25. A low pressure zone or suction is created
outside and downstream of the nozzle outlet (46a) as a result of
the nozzle restriction producing fast flowing air exiting from the
nozzle. This low pressure zone draws the relatively higher pressure
and higher temperature exhaust gases into the shroud for mixing
with the stream 12 and follow along streamline 29. As a result, the
high temperature exhaust gases are introduced to the relatively
cool inducted air at a point which will not damage the working
elements of the blower 10.
An exemplary temperature condition for the heat source system,
utilizing exhaust gas recirculation, would have a temperature of
about 648.degree.F existing at the point where the exhaust gases
enter passage 25, such temperature being maintained up to the
shroud. Such temperature would be for a mass flow of approximately
2,405 lbs. per hour when the engine is operating at approximately
4,000 r.p.m. When the engine is operating at part throttle, such as
1,131 r.p.m. (30 miles per hour), the maximum flow would be
approximately 153 lbs. per hour and the temperature would drop to
about 325.degree.F at such a point. At idle or 600 r.p.m., the mass
flow would be about 118 lbs. per hour with the temperature at
approximately 338.degree.F. In all these conditions, the
temperature of the exhaust gas is high enough so that for sustained
periods of time it would have a detrimental effect upon contacted
blower parts; this is particularly true when nonmetallic blower
components are utilized for reducing the weight of such blower
assembly.
Without the use of this invention, exhaust gas recirculation would
be typically introduced upstream from the blower. The regenerator
or preheating wheel would be typically sized to transfer a certain
quantum of heat from the high temperature exhaust gases to the
incoming air taking into account the specific location of EGR. It
has been found that by locating the EGR passage downstream from the
blower and utilizing the jet concept herein, for proving adequate
mixing of the two differential temperature gas mediums, the sizing
of the preheater wheel can be reduced. For example, the inlet and
outlet temperatures for the regenerative wheel at the sector where
heat is introduced to the wheel, is approximately 1,820.degree.F
and approximately 648.degree.F when exiting from such wheel; this
is for a mass flow of 2,405 lbs. per hour when the engine is
operating at 4,000 r.p.m. Such temperature does vary slightly
depending upon the speed of the engine and may drop to as much as
1,389.degree.F entering the wheel with a mass flow of 306 lbs. per
hour when engine is operating at part throttle 1,130 r.p.m. (30
m.p.h.).
With this invention, the rate of heat input and extraction from the
wheel can be maintained with a smaller wheel mass. This is
understandable in view of the fact that a lesser amount of the heat
content is absorbed by surrounding parts, such as the blower and
passages upstream from the nozzle. As a result, the mass size of
the preheater wheel may be reduced as much as one-fifth or
one-sixth and still accomplish the same heat transfer goals as that
of the prior art.
* * * * *