U.S. patent number 3,917,312 [Application Number 05/492,607] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-04 for indoor/outdoor wheelchair frame.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Everst & Jennings, Inc.. Invention is credited to Keith S. Rodaway.
United States Patent |
3,917,312 |
Rodaway |
November 4, 1975 |
Indoor/outdoor wheelchair frame
Abstract
C-shaped frames comprise the left and right sides of a
wheelchair the main left and right wheels being rotatably mounted
to the base portions of the frames and left and right castor wheels
being mounted only to the left and right free ends of the lower
arms of the frames so that the upper arms are cantilevered from the
base above the lower arms. The seat and back structure of the chair
is supported by the upper arms. As a consequence of the C-shaped
configuration of the frames the castor wheels are independently
resiliently supported for up and down movement relative to the seat
resulting in a cushioned ride for a person sitting in the
wheelchair when the chair is used out of doors over uneven
terrain.
Inventors: |
Rodaway; Keith S. (Culver City,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Everst & Jennings, Inc.
(Los Angeles, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
40344544 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/492,607 |
Filed: |
July 29, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
280/250.1;
297/302.4; 297/130; 297/DIG.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
5/1078 (20161101); A61G 5/00 (20130101); Y10S
297/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61G
5/00 (20060101); A61G 5/10 (20060101); B62M
001/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;297/302,307,130,250,251,DIG.4 ;280/242WC |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Friaglia; Leo
Assistant Examiner: Schrecengost; R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pastoriza; Ralph B.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An indoor/outdoor wheelchair including in combination:
a. left and right generally C-shaped frames in spaced parallel,
side-by-side relationship the free ends of the upper and lower arms
of the C-shaped frames extending forwardly;
b. left and right main wheels rotatably mounted to the left and
right rear base portions of the C-shaped frames respectively;
c. an horizontally transversely extending rear member connecting
said base portions together;
d. left and right castor wheels rotatably mounted at the forward
ends of the left and right lower arms of the C-shaped frames
respectively;
e. an horizontally transversely extending forward cross member
forward portions of said lower arms together;
f. a seat means including a chair frame defining seat and back
areas supported by the upper left and right arms of said frames
such that the seat means is effectively cantilevered from the rear
base portions of the C-shaped frames; and
g. coupling means including a transverse open-ended tube mounted on
the front portion of the upper arms of said C-shaped frames, first
and second shorter tubes disposed in axial alignment within said
transverse tube, spring means in the central portion of said
transverse tube biasing the first and second shorter tubes apart so
that their outer ends protrude from the open ends of said
transverse tube, stop means limiting the outward extent of said
shorter tubes, and first and second cylindrical receiving sockets
at the forward end of said chair frame facing each other and
dimensioned to receive the protruding ends of the first and second
shorter tubes respectively so that said chair frame is coupled to
the C-shaped frames for swinging movement about a transverse
horizontal axis whereby said chair frame may be completely
decoupled from the C-shape frames by retracting said shorter tubes
against the bias of said spring means to release said receiving
sockets, and whereby a horizontal spacing between the front castor
wheels is substantially maintained by said forward cross member
while each castor wheel is substantially independently resiliently
supported for up and down movement relative to said seat means as a
consequence of the C-shaped configuration of the frames providing
the ability of the forward portions of the lower arms to flex
upwardly towards and downwardly away from the upper arms so that a
cushioned ride for a person sitting in said seat means results when
the wheelchair is used outdoors over uneven terrain.
2. The subject matter of claim 1, in which each of said left and
right C-shaped frames comprises an integral tube bent into the
C-shape, the lower forward end portion of the tube incorporating a
reinforcing means to render it more rigid than the remaining
portion so that the associated castor is firmly supported.
3. The subject matter of claim 1, in which said seat means includes
a chair frame defining seat and back areas; and cooperating
coupling means at the forward end of the chair frame seat area and
the forward ends of said upper arms of the C-shaped frame for
coupling the chair frame to the C-shaped frames.
4. The subject matter of claim 1, in which each C-shaped frame
includes a shock absorber connected between its upper and lower
arms.
Description
This invention relates generally to wheelchairs and more
particularly to the basic frame structure of a wheelchair designed
to support the seat and back for both indoor and outdoor use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional wheelchairs normally include left and right closed
frame structures connected by diagonally extending crossed tubes
arranged to scissor together if the chair is of the folding type.
Generally, the left and right closed frames include extending back
uprights for supporting the chair back and forward upright
extending tubes supporting the front the seat, the rear and forward
uprights being integrally connected between the horizontal upper
and lower arms to form the closed left and right frame structures.
Left and right large main wheels are rotatably mounted to the rear
portion of the closed frames and left and right forward castor
wheels are mounted at the lower front portions of these frames.
The foregoing construction works satisfactorily for wheelchairs
when used indoors wherein floor areas are level and the chair
itself is propelled at a relatively low speed. On the other hand,
these types of chairs do not work satisfactorily outdoors wherein
the terrain is often uneven. While some relative motion between the
left and right closed frames themselves is permitted through
coupling of the crossed diagonal tubes, this flexibility is limited
and in the event the wheel-chair is used out of doors and over
terrain wherein small gullies or mounds are traversed, one of the
four wheels can actually lose contact with the ground. Moreover,
riding the wheelchair over uneven terrain of this type is at best
uncomfortable and at worst can be dangerous oftentimes resulting in
toppling over of the wheelchair.
Known types of wheel suspension systems such as used in outdoor
vehicles could, of course, be incorporated in a wheelchair.
However, such suspension systems become expensive and complicated
particularly with respect to proper support of the castor wheels
themselves.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
With the foregoing in mind, the present invention contemplates a
novel frame configuration for a wheelchair which provides resilient
suspension for the castor wheels of the chair in such a manner that
it can be used both indoors and outdoors without the disadvantages
presently inherent in known wheelchairs, all without requiring
complicated and expensive suspension systems for the wheels.
More particularly, the wheelchair includes left and right generally
C-shaped frames in spaced parallel, side-by-side relationship, the
free ends of the upper and lower arms of the C-shaped frames
extending forwardly. Left and right main wheels are rotatably
mounted to the left and right rear base portions of the C-shaped
frames respectively and these rear base portions are held in
horizontally spaced relationship by an horizontal transversely
extending rear member connecting the base portions together.
Left and right castor wheels in turn are rotatably mounted at the
forward ends of the left and right lower arms of the C-shaped
frames respectively and these forward portions of the frames are
maintained in horizontally spaced relationship by an horizontal
transversely extending forward cross member. The wheelchair seat
and back are supported solely by the upper left and right arms of
the frames such that the seat and back are effectively cantilevered
from the rear base portions of the C-shaped frames.
With the foregoing arrangement, each castor wheel is substantially
independently resiliently supported for up and down movement
relative to the seat, the C-shaped configuration of the frames
providing the ability of the forward portions of the lower arms to
flex upwardly towards and downwardly away from the upper arms so
that a cushioned ride for a person sitting in the seat results when
the wheelchair is used outdoors over uneven terrain.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A better understanding of this invention will be had by referring
to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the basic supporting frame
structure of the wheelchair showing a seat and back frame in
exploded relationship above the base frame;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross section taken in the direction of the
arrows 2--2 of FIG. 1 illustrating a detail of one of the frame
members;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of a portion of a coupling means on the
frame of FIG. 1 for coupling the seat and back frame structure to
the base frame;
FIG. 4 is a cross section of the wheelchair in assembled
relationship taken in the direction of the arrows 4--4 of FIG. 1;
and,
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of the wheelchair looking in the
direction of the arrows 5--5 of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the central portion of FIG. 1 the indoor/outdoor
wheelchair includes left and right generally C-shaped frames 10 and
11 in spaced parallel, side-by-side relationship the free ends of
the upper and lower arms of the C-shaped frames extending
forwardly. Thus, the C-shaped frame 10 includes an upper arm 12 and
a lower arm 13 having their rear ends connecting together to form a
rear base 14. Similarly, the right frame 11 includes an upper arm
15 and lower arm 16 connecting together at their rear to form a
rear base portion 17.
As shown, left and right main wheels 18 and 19 are mounted
respectively to the left and right rear base portions 14 and 17. An
horizontal transversely extending rear member 20 connects the base
portions 14 and 17 together. This rear member 20 not only holds the
rear portions of the C-shaped frames in a constant horizontal
spacing relative to each other, but also serves as a frame support
for an electric drive motor and associated batteries in the event
the wheelchair is to be of the powered type.
Left and right front castor wheels 21 and 22, in turn, are mounted
at the forward ends of the left and right lower arms 13 and 16 as
at 23 and 24. An horizontal transversely extending forward cross
member 25 connects these forward portions 23 and 24 of the lower
arms together. This cross member will maintain the horizontal
spacing between the forward portions of the lower arms of the C
frames constant.
From the foregoing description thus far, it will be evident that
the left and right upper arms 12 and 15 of the C-shaped frames are
essentially cantilevered from the base portions 14 and 17. Each of
the C-shaped frame members may additionally include a shock
absorber connected between the upper and lower arms such as
indicated at 26 connecting between the arms 12 and 13 of the
C-shaped frame 10 and at 27 connected between the upper and lower
arms 15 and 16 of the C-shaped frame 11. In the preferred
construction, and as indicated in the drawings, the C-shaped frames
are each formed from an integral tube bent into a C-shape, the rear
horizontal member 20 and the forward cross member 25 also
comprising tubular structures.
Shown in exploded view above the C-shaped frames is a seat means
designated generally by the arrow 28. This seat means includes a
chair frame comprised of left and right horizontal tubular members
29 and 30 and forward cross tubular member 31 defining a seat area,
the spacing between the horizontal members 29 and 30 being such
that they will respectively overlie and be supported by the upper
arms 12 and 15 of the C-shaped frame when the chair frame is
assembled thereon.
As shown, the chair frame includes removable arm rests 32 and 33
and a back portion 34. Preferably, the chair frame is designed to
be removably coupled to the upper arms of the C-shaped frame and
towards this end, there are provided cooperating coupling means on
the forward portion of the upper arms 12 and 15 of the C-shaped
frames and the front of the chair frame.
In the particular embodiment illustrated, the cooperating coupling
means on the C-shaped frames includes a transverse open-ended tube
35 mounted on the front portions of the upper arms 12 and 15. This
transverse tube 35 incorporates first and second shorter tubes 36
and 37 received in the opposite open ends and biased apart at their
inner central portions as by a spring 38. The forward end of the
chair frame in turn includes first and second cylindrical receiving
sockets 39 and 40 facing each other and dimensioned to receive the
protruding ends of the shorter tubes 36 abd 37 so that the chair
frame is effectively coupled to the C-shaped frames for swinging
movement about a front transverse horizontal axis coinciding with
the axis of the transverse tube 35.
It will be noted that the more rearward top surfaces of the upper
arms 12 and 15 of the C-shaped frames include integrally formed
cradles 41 and 42 for engagement with the underside of the
horizontal tubes 29 and 30 of the chair frames when the same is
positioned on top of the C-shaped frames. Preferably, the
horizontal tubes 29 and 30 of the chair frame include downwardly
extending spring type tabs 43 and 44 which snap over the sides of
the upper arms 12 and 15 when the chair is assembled to hold the
rear portion of the chair frame to the upper arms of the C-shaped
frames.
With the foregoing arrangement, it will be evident that the chair
frame may readily be removed from the C-shaped frames by simply
first lifting the rear portion of the chair frame to swing it about
the forward coupling tube 35, this action releasing the resilient
tabs 43 and 44. The protruding ends of the shorter tubes 36 and 37
are then retracted from the cylindrical sockets 39 and 40 so that
the entire chair frame can simply be then lifted away from the
C-shaped frames. A desirable feature of the foregoing arrangement
is the fact that the chair frame can readily be swung about the
front coupling axis defined by the transverse tube 35 without
actually removing the chair frame in order to expose for servicing
equipment under the seat such as the electric motor power drive or
batteries if such are used.
As described heretofore, each of the C-shaped frames preferably
comprises a bent integral tubular member. It is desirable that the
flexing or resilient movement of the castor wheels occur towards
the rear base portions of the C-shaped frame and that the forward
lower arm portions supporting the castor wheels be relatively rigid
to provide adequate support. Thus in the embodiment described, each
of the forward end portions of the lower arms of the C-shaped
frames, such as 23 and 24, are reinforced.
Referring specifically to FIG. 2, this reinforcement takes the form
of an inner tube 47 positioned within the end portion of the lower
arm of the C-shaped frame adjacent to the mounting point of the
castor. A similar internal reinforcing tube is provided for the
other lower arm portion 24 associated with the castor 22 of FIG. 1.
Essentially, these reinforcing means render the forward portions of
the lower arms supporting the castors more rigid than the remaining
portions so that the associated castor is firmly supported.
FIG. 3 illustrates in greater detail the cooperating coupling means
secured to the front portions of the C frames. Thus, there is shown
in FIG. 3 the transverse tube 35 with the first and second shorter
tubes 36 and 37 received in the opposite ends thereof. In order to
prevent the central spring 38 from biasing the shorter tubes 36 and
37 completely out the ends of the transverse tube 35, a stop means
is provided to limit such telescoping movement. This stop means
takes the form of slots 48 and 49 through which small knobs 50 and
51 respectively connected to the inner ends of the shorter tubes 36
and 37 extend. With this arrangement, the outward telescoping
movement of the tubes 36 and 37 is limited by engagement of the
respective knobs 50 and 51 with the right and left ends of the
slots 48 and 49 respectively. On the other hand, the slots are of
sufficient longitudinal extent that by manually moving the knobs 50
and 51 towards each other as indicated by the arrows, the
protruding ends of the shorter tubes 36 and 37 will be retracted
thereby releasing the cylindrical sockets 39 and 40 on the front of
the chair frame as described in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, the manner in which the improved
frame arrangement of the present wheelchair provides for a
cushioned ride when used out of doors will be evident. In FIGS. 4
and 5, corresponding components already described in FIG. 1 are
designated by the same numerals.
Referring first to FIG. 4, the relative positions of the chair
frame and the C-shaped frames when the chair frame is assembled
will be evident. Thus, the horizontal tube 30 of the chair frame
rests in the cradle 42 on the upper arm 15 of the C-shaped frame
11, the resilient tab 44 engaging about the upper arm 15 as shown.
The forward cylindrical receiving socket on the chair frame is at
substantially the same level as the cradle 42 so that the chair
frame is held in substantially parallel relationship to the upper
arms of the C-shaped frames.
When the wheelchair is used out of doors and is moving along uneven
terrain such as might result from a hump in the ground as indicated
by the dashed lines at 52, the C-shape configuration permits up and
down movement of the castor wheels such as the wheel 22 engaging
the hump relative to the upper arms of the C-shaped frame and seat
to thus accommodate the hump and result in a cushioned ride for a
patient in the chair. This action is indicated by the phantom
linies for the castor wheel 22 as indicated at 22'. Thus, in
travelling over a small curb or sill, both front castor wheels can
move up and down in a resilient manner to provide a cushioning
effect.
In addition to the foregoing, the mounting by the C-shaped frames
is such that the forward castor wheels can move up and down
independently of each other to a certain extent notwithstanding
that there is provided the cross bar 25. Thus referring
specifically to FIG. 5, should there be a hump of uneven terrain
such as indicated at 53 which is engaged by only one of the castor
wheels such as the castor wheel 22, this wheel can raise upwardly
in a resilient manner independently of the other castor wheel 21
while the seat for the chair remains substantially level. The
function of the cross member 25, of course, is to maintain
substantially constant the horizontal spacing between the castor
wheels but the presence of this member will not interfere
appreciably with the independent up and down movement resulting
from the C-shaped frame configuration. Proper damping of the
resilient configuration can be controlled by the provision of the
shock absorbers 26 and 27 so that there results an overall smooth
and comfortable ride without requiring an unduly complicated
suspension system for the wheels.
From the foregoing description, it will thus be evident that the
present invention has provided a greatly improved wheelchair
suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. While the particular
frame structure described together with the cooperating removable
seat is best adapted for use with a power operated wheelchair
wherein the electric motor and batteries as described would be
supported by the rear member 20, the basic principles of the
C-shaped configuration could be used for manually operated
wheelchairs to thus provide the versatility for a large number of
types of wheelchairs for both indoor and outdoor use.
* * * * *