U.S. patent number 3,917,264 [Application Number 05/501,059] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-04 for billard game apparatus.
Invention is credited to Douglas B. Davidson, Randy D. Sines.
United States Patent |
3,917,264 |
Davidson , et al. |
November 4, 1975 |
Billard game apparatus
Abstract
A billiard game apparatus is provided for enabling a player to
play a unique and unusual game of billiards on a billiard table.
The apparatus includes a source of "black light" radiation directed
onto the playing surface. The apparatus has a plurality of special
billiard balls having a coating or layer (exterior, sublayer or
inlay) of luminescent material that is responsive to black light to
emit visible light. When the balls are placed on the table surface,
they emit visible light and appear as if they are supported in an
invisible plane with the balls being highly contrasted with respect
to background objects. A special cue stick is provided having a
luminescent coating adjacent its forward tip which is responsive to
black light so that the player is able to more accurately stroke
the billiard balls and visually observe their relative motions. It
is preferable to pulse the black light source to obtain a
stroboscopic effect in which the movement of the balls and cue
stick produce a "trail" image that is visible to enable the player
to concentrate more fully and to execute billiard shots more
accurately.
Inventors: |
Davidson; Douglas B. (Spokane,
WA), Sines; Randy D. (Spokane, WA) |
Family
ID: |
23991993 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/501,059 |
Filed: |
August 28, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/2; 362/84;
473/52; 273/DIG.24; 473/46 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
43/06 (20130101); A63D 15/06 (20130101); A63D
15/08 (20130101); A63B 43/008 (20130101); A63D
15/00 (20130101); Y10S 273/24 (20130101); A63B
2243/002 (20130101); A63B 2225/76 (20200801) |
Current International
Class: |
A63D
15/00 (20060101); A63D 015/00 (); A63D
015/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/2,3R,5R,14,127R,DIG.24,8,9,59R,12,68,59A ;40/327,134 ;156/67
;240/2.25 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Oechsle; Anton O.
Assistant Examiner: Stouffer; R. T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wells, St. John & Roberts
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A billiard game apparatus for use in playing a game of billiards
on a billiard table, said billiard table having a playing surface,
peripheral cushions defining the boundaries of said playing surface
and ball pockets intermediate the cushions about said playing
surface, said apparatus comprising:
a plurality of billiard balls supportable on a playing surface,
said plurality of billiard balls including a cue ball and object
balls, each ball including means which emits luminescent light in
the visible spectrum of such intensity as to be clearly visible to
the naked eye when subjected to sufficient ultraviolet rays in the
black light band;
a boundary indentifying means adjacent substantially the entire
length of said peripheral cushions intermediate said ball pockets
to identify the boundary of the playing surface, to identify the
location of said peripheral rebound cushions, and to indicate the
location of said ball pockets between said boundary identifying
means;
said boundary identifying means emitting luminescent light in the
visible spectrum of such intensity as to be clearly visible to the
naked eye when subjected to sufficient ultraviolet rays in the
black light band;
radiation means adjacent the playing surface for directing
ultraviolet rays of the black light band over the entire playing
surface to luminesce the cue ball and object balls supported on
said surface and to luminesce the boundary identifying means
without visually illuminating the surface to enable the player to
visually observe the billiard balls and their movement with an
unusual contrast and effect; and
a cue stick having a forward end with a tip thereon for striking
the cue ball to propel the cue ball against at least one of the
object balls to direct at least one of said object balls into one
of the pockets, said forward end having a portion thereof including
means which emits luminescent light in the visible spectrum of such
intensity as to be clearly visible to the naked eye when subjected
to sufficient ultraviolet rays in the black light band to enable
the player to visually observe the movement of the cue stick in
relation to said cue ball as the cue ball is struck by the cue
stick and thereby concentrate more fully on the execution of a
billiard shot utilizing the peripheral cushions as located by the
luminescent boundary identifying means and further utilizing the
luminescent object balls.
2. The billiard game apparatus set out in claim 1 further
comprising:
a plurality of reference dots at desired locations along the
periphery of the playing surface, each dot including means which
emits luminescent light in the visible spectrum of such intensity
as to be clearly visible to the naked eye when subjected to
sufficient ultraviolet rays in the black light band to enable the
player to more accurately execute banking shots against the
cushions without being distracted by background objects.
3. The game apparatus set out in claim 1 wherein said radiation
means is comprised of an electric discharge lamp powered by
alternating current to emit pulsating black light of a desired
frequency.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to billiard games.
Billiard games are played utilizing a billiard table having a
horizontal playing surface and a plurality of spherical billiard
balls supported for free rolling movement thereon. One of the
balls, designated the "cue ball" is utilized as a projectile and is
struck by one end of a "cue stick". The object is usually to direct
the cue ball to strike one of the remaining balls in order to
deflect it or another ball into a pocket. In other billiard games,
the object is merely to strike one or more balls utilizing the
resilient rail, commonly provided about the periphery of the
playing surface.
It is often a difficult procedure to learn the proper angles for
directing the cue ball toward the remaining balls or the rail so
that it strikes the balls or rail at a proper angle to affect a
desired resultant movement of the target ball. The angle of
incidence and the angle of rebound are often difficult to
distinguish by following one or more balls, as they move along the
surface. Frequently it is difficult for the player, particularly a
beginner to fully concentrate while the balls are moving on the
angle of incidence and the angle of rebound to properly execute a
billiard shot.
The present invention serves to eliminate the above-described
problems by providing a billiard game apparatus wherein the
billiard balls are coated with a luminescent material and exposed
to ultraviolet rays in the "black light" band. The balls thereby
emit a luminescent glow in a darkened room. The ultraviolet light
source is comprised of an electric discharge lamp that operates on
alternating current to generate pulses of ultraviolet light. The
pulsing creates a stroboscopic effect on the moving balls and
therefore creates the image of a trail or blurred streak extending
behind the moving balls. The trail or streak extends along the path
of movement for each moving ball. This trail or trails may be
effectively utilized in directly determining the angles of
incidence and angles of rebound of one or more balls moving on the
table. Such a feature enables the beginner to more readily become
proficient in the execution of the billiard shots. Further, the
luminescent glow of the billiard balls produces an amusing effect
since in a darkened room, the balls appear to be suspended on an
invisible planar surface.
It is not claimed to be new to provide game balls with
phosphorescent coatings to enable the balls to more readily be
located in the dark. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,622,421 to C. W.
Coffield discloses a golf ball that is coated with a phosphorescent
material such as radium paint that will glow in the dark. The
coating enables the golfer to find a lost ball in the darkness.
U.S. Pat. No. 716,645 to W. Ransom discloses a table-tennis ball
having a luminous exterior. A similar arrangement is shown in U.S.
Pat. No. 280,807 to A. D. F. Farley that shows phosphorescent
strips provided on croquet balls and croquet mallets. The
luminescent covering on the balls enables them to be easily seen
when covered or hidden by grass or leaves, and particularly to
enable the game to be played in darkness.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a
billiard game apparatus for enabling a unique and unusual game of
billiards to be played wherein movement of the billiard balls may
be accurately detected through the visual image of a trail behind
the ball.
It is a further object to provide such an apparatus that may be
used with conventional billiard tables and accessories, wherein the
apparatus may be supplied as a kit that is adapted to be
incorporated with an existing conventional table and cue stick, the
balls being supplied with the kit.
It is a further object to provide such an apparatus wherein a
source of ultraviolet light operates to emit ultraviolet waves of a
frequency not damaging to the human eye or skin.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent upon reading the
following description which, taken with the accompanying drawings,
disclose a preferred from of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A preferred form of the present invention is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a billiard table for use with the
apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a billiard ball included with the present
invention;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of one end of a cue stick utilized
with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an elevational fragmentary sectioned view of a billiard
table utilizing luminescent strips and luminescent indicating dots
of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectioned view of the billiard ball
illustrated in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view illustrating the path
illusion provided by a billiard ball as would be evident upon
movement under an ultraviolet light source such as that described
herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The billiard game apparatus of the present invention is shown in
the accompanying drawings and is generally designated therein by
the reference numeral 9. Billiard game apparatus 9 is intended for
use in playing a unique game of billiards on a billiard table such
as the pocket billiard table 10 shown in FIG. 1.
Table 10 includes a horizontal rectangular playing surface 12.
Peripheral resilient rails 13 surround surface 10 except as
interrupted by a plurality of pockets 14. Tables without pockets 14
may also be used with the present apparatus 9.
Basically, apparatus 9 of the present invention is comprised of a
plurality of special billiard balls 21, at least one special cue
stick 25, and radiation means 31 for emitting ultraviolet radiation
in the "black light" band.
More particularly, billiard balls 21 are provided with a
luminescent coating 23 (FIG. 5) that is responsive to black light
radiation. Balls 21 may include a conventional phenolic core with
the luminescent coating applied as the spherical exterior surface.
Coating 23 may be comprised of a phosphorescent or fluorescent
material which, when exposed to black light, produces a luminescent
glow (emits visible light). Normally, the playing surface 12 is
covered by a woolen or felt cloth which will not produce
luminescent light under black light rays. Balls 21 will therefore
appear as distinct glowing spheres on the indistinct surface when
exposed to black light in a darkened room to provide for a very
sharp contrast between the balls and the table surface. In a very
dark room, the balls 21 will appear to be supported on an invisible
plane, thereby creating an unusual and amusing effect for the
players as though they were playing the billiard game in space.
Radiation means 31 is comprised of a mercury vapor electric
discharge lamp commonly known as a black light as shown at 32.
Black light 32 is designed to emit radiation within the black light
bank of the ultraviolet spectrum, between 320 and 400 nanometers.
Such black light is partially visible to the human eye as a faint
dark colored glow. The wave length (320 to 400 nanometers) is such
that no physical damage is done to human tissues exposed thereto.
Ultraviolet rays of shorter than 320 nanometers can cause possible
damage to the human skin and produce a sunburn effect to the
exposed skin tissues. We have therefore found that the
partially-visible radiation of the black light band are
particularly suited for the intended use of the present
apparatus.
We have also found that an electric discharge lamp operated by
alternating current to produce black light ultraviolet rays is
especially suitable to produce a distinct image effect as the balls
21 move on surface 12. Such lamps produce pulses or variation in
light output. The pulse frequency of alternating current electric
discharge lamp is twice that of the input frequency. Therefore such
a lamp will pulse at 120 times with a typical 60 Hz. input
frequency. This variation is manually too fast to be detected by
the human eye. However, when an object is moved rapidly through the
pulsating black light, a blurred "trail" illusion is produced
behind the object along the path of travel. This effect, sometimes
referred to as stroboscopic effect, is graphically illustrated in
FIG. 6.
The stroboscopic effect is utilized to indicate the angle of
incidence and angle rebound of a ball 21 as it strikes other balls
21 or rails 13. The ability to actually see these angles is of
great benefit to the players. Since the angles are distinctly
defined, the player may more readily learn the exact effect(s)
produced by one ball 21 striking another at a desired angle, or a
ball rebounding from the rail 13. Additionally, it is much easier
for the player to more fully concentrate on the execution of a
billiard shot because of the high contrast and trail effect. A
beginner can become more proficient in a shorter period of time.
The contrast and trail effect provide for a more exciting and
stimulating billiard game.
Additionally, the apparatus may include reference lines produced
along the rails 13 by mounting an elongated strip of luminescent
tape 34 that is responsive to black light about the surface
periphery along rails 13. The strips may be provided to extend
between adjacent pockets 14 to thereby indicate the pocket location
in a darkened room. The tape strips 34 include a luminescent side
35 and an adhesive side 37. Adhesive side 37 enables the
luminescent tape strips to be adhered to the rails 13 as indicated
in FIGS. 4 and 6.
A plurality of luminescent dots or diamonds 38 are also provided,
including a luminescent side 40 and an adhesive side 41. Dots 38
may be selectively mounted to the table outside of the playing
surface where, conventionally, such indicating markers are usually
located.
The apparatus includes a cue stick 25 having a ball engaging tip 27
at a front cue stick end 28. A luminescent coating or sleeve 30 is
provided adjacent tip 27 that is responsive to black light. This
luminescent portion enables the user to accurately determine the
angular position of the cue stick in relation to the position of a
ball desired to be struck with tip 27. The proper angle of
alignment may be determined by moving the luminescent strip
backward and forward along the intended path of travel of the ball
to be struck, before actually striking the ball. This movement,
like movement of the balls 21, will produce a trail image along the
path of moving portion 30. This path indicates the direction of
movement that will be produced as tip 27 strikes the ball 21. It is
amazing how much more accurately one can execute a billiard shot by
utilizing this apparatus.
In operation, the black light source or means 31 is located or
mounted above the playing surface 12 so that the entire surface may
be exposed to ultraviolet rays emitting therefrom. Tape strips 34
are placed along the rails 13 at elevational positions thereon so
as not to interfere with the resilient action of the rails. Dots 38
may also be placed over existing reference markers on the pool
table and, as shown in FIG. 1, on reference points of the playing
surface 12. The luminescent billiard balls 21 are then placed on
the playing surface 12. The billiard game may then be played
according to the desires of the players.
The above description has been given by way of example and is not
intended to restrict the scope of the present invention, such scope
being defined in the following claims.
* * * * *