U.S. patent number 3,917,261 [Application Number 05/494,508] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-04 for foot exercising device.
Invention is credited to Bernard Friedman, Victor B. Kavits, Samuel N. Small.
United States Patent |
3,917,261 |
Small , et al. |
November 4, 1975 |
Foot exercising device
Abstract
A foot exercising device having a pair of foot holders pivotably
secured within a housing. The pedals are positively driven to
undergo reciprocating motion 180.degree. out of phase to impose
motion on an individual's feet. A powering motor drives the foot
holders by means of rigid actuating links which are driven by
eccentric connection to the motor. A clutch is interposed between
the motor and the foot holders which may be operated in different
active and passive exercise modes.
Inventors: |
Small; Samuel N. (Valley
Stream, NY), Friedman; Bernard (Hauppauge, NY), Kavits;
Victor B. (Hauppauge, NY) |
Family
ID: |
23964778 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/494,508 |
Filed: |
August 5, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/8; 482/79;
601/29 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61H
1/0266 (20130101); A63B 23/08 (20130101); A61H
2201/018 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61H
1/02 (20060101); A63B 23/04 (20060101); A63B
23/08 (20060101); A63B 023/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;272/57D,79R
;128/25R,25B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Taylor; Joseph R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bauer & Amer
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An improved foot exercise device comprising a pair of foot pedal
structures operatively mounted for pivotal movement 180.degree. out
of phase with each other about a front pivot axis oriented
transversely of the plane of pivotal movement of said foot pedal
structures, a first shaft journalled for rotation along a second
motion axis disposed rearwardly and substantially parallel to said
front pivot axis, a powering motor and a cranking mechanism
disposed at opposite ends of said first shaft, a second shaft
disposed along a third motion axis above and substantially parallel
to said second motion axis and operatively connected to be actuated
in oscillating movement by said cranking mechanism of said first
shaft, link means connected between said second shaft and said foot
pedal structures for transmitting oscillating movement of said
second shaft so as to cause 180.degree. out of phase pivotal
movement in said foot pedal structures, said link means including
two cooperating first links which are each connected to extend
radially of said first pivot axis in 180.degree. out of phase
relationship, and two second links which are each connected from
said second shaft to each of said first links, a counting switch
means mounted in counting relation adjacent one end of said second
shaft to record each oscillating traverse of said second shaft, and
a movement-opposing device mounted adjacent the opposite end of
said second shaft to selectively resist oscillating movement
thereof, whereby said motor operates said exercise device during a
passive phase and at other intervals the patient operates said
device using an effort dictated by said selected resistance to
movement of said second shaft.
2. An improved foot exercise device as claimed in claim 1 wherein
said movement-opposing device is a magnetic clutch.
3. An improved foot exercise device as claimed in claim 1 wherein
said counting switch means includes a switch contact arm mounted to
extend radially of said second shaft so as to partake of the
oscillating traverses of said second shaft, and at least one switch
contact mounted so as to be contacted during said oscillating
traverses of said switch contact arm.
4. An improved foot exercise device comprising a pair of foot pedal
structures operatively mounted for pivotal movement 180.degree. out
of phase with each other about a front pivot axis oriented
transversely of the plane of pivotal movement of said foot pedal
structures, a first shaft journalled for rotation along a second
motion axis disposed rearwardly and substantially parallel to said
front pivot axis, a powering motor and a cranking mechanism
disposed at opposite ends of said first shaft, a second shaft
disposed along a third motion axis above and substantially parallel
to said second motion axis and operatively connected to be actuated
in oscillating movement by said cranking mechanism of said first
shaft, a counting switch means mounted in counting relation
adjacent one end of said second shaft to record each oscillating
traverse of said second shaft, a magnetic clutch mounted adjacent
the opposite end of said second shaft to selectively resist
oscillating movement thereof, and at a central intermediate
location on said second shaft between said magnetic clutch and said
counting switch means a pair of first links connected to extend
radially of said first pivot axis in 180.degree. out of phase
relationship, and a cooperating pair of second links connected from
said second shaft to each of said first links for transmitting
oscillating movement of said second shaft so as to cause
180.degree. out of phase pivotal movement in said foot pedal
structures, whereby said motor operates said exercise device during
a passive phase and at other intervals the patient operates said
device using an effort dictated by said selected resistance to
movement of said second shaft.
Description
The present invention relates to an improved foot exercising
device, and more specifically to improvements for such a device, as
exemplified by the device of U.S. Pat. No. 3,526,220, which
contribute to greater reliability and control.
As understood, a foot exercise device which is both manually
operated as well as operated by motor, is useful in preventive
treatment of thromboembolism of bedridden patients. Typically, a
patient can manually operate the pedals, thereby deriving the
benefits of the exercise this provides even in a prone position; or
if too weak, he can have his legs exercised by being manipulated
through motion by a motor powering the pedals. In the manual phase
of operation of the prior art device, the pedals were operated
against spring urgency and an adjusted extent of friction. This
provided a corresponding degree of control over the physical effort
required on the part of the patient during exercising service of
the device. This type of physical-exertion control, although not
needed during the passive phase, was not adequately disassociated
from the powering connection between the motor and pedals. As a
consequence, it was adversely affected during the passive phase. In
effect, the cyclical stroking of the motor during said passive
phase subjected the springs and the like to the stresses they would
experience in a fatigue test. This ultimately contributed to
malfunctioning of such components.
Broadly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved foot exercising device overcoming the foregoing and other
shortcomings of the prior art.
Specifically, it is an object to provide for both manual and motor
operation of the pedals, and during these modes to have appropriate
control of the extent of physical exertion required for said
operation.
A foot exercising device demonstrating objects and advantages of
the present invention includes a pedal structure organized about a
pivot axis for the pedals, and a motor shaft and an oscillating
shaft, both oriented substantially parallel to said pivot axis.
During the passive phase, a cranking mechanism operated by rotation
of the motor shaft rocks or oscillates the oscillating shaft and
this motion is imparted by an appropriate linkage to the pedals.
During the manual phase, a motion-opposing brake or clutch
restrains motion of the oscillating shaft to any selected extent,
such clutch, of course, being connected during motor operation, but
operated with selected degrees of slip during the passive phase, to
thereby enable regulation of the patient's physical exertion during
said passive phase.
The above brief description, as well as further objects, features
and advantages of the present invention, will be more fully
appreciated by reference to the following detailed description of a
presently preferred, but nonetheless illustrative embodiment in
accordance with the present invention, when taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a foot exercise device according to
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view with the upper portion of the housing removed
to better illustrate structural features within the housing;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view, in section taken on line 3--3 of
FIG. 2, and wherein positions of movement of the foot pedal are
illustrated in full line and phantom line perspective;
FIG. 4 is a diagramatic view of the mode of operation of the
linkage employed by the device hereof;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are front and rear elevational views, respectively,
illustrating further structural details;
FIG. 7 is a partial side elevational view, in the direction of line
7--7 of FIG. 6, showing details of the counting switch means;
and
FIG. 8 is a front view of the controls of the device hereof.
Reference is now made to the drawings illustrating a foot exercise
device, generally designated 10, which is an improvement of the
device of U.S. Pat. No. 3,526,220. As a preventive treatment for
thromboembolism, device 10 has a passive mode of operation during
which the legs of the bedridden patient are actuated through
exercise movement. The proper position for the patient's foot
within the foot pedal housing is illustrated in phantom perspective
in FIG. 3. Specifically, the patient's foot when properly
positioned in its foot pedal housing, as exemplified by foot pedal
housing 14, is one in which the arch and the ball of the foot is in
contact with the curved section of the bottom wall of the housing,
designated 100, and the heel is maintained in a clearance position,
as illustrated by a pad 20 which is positioned beneath the
patient's calf. To maximize the medical benefits achieved utilizing
device 10, it is important that the pivot axis 18 coincides with a
point 102 which is just beyond the patient's heel, and is thus at a
location which does not exhibit motion during pivoting or flexuring
of the ankle. That is, at reference point 102, there is
substantially no movement in the patient's leg, not even an
expansion or contraction of the patient's skin. Thus, there is no
rubbing or irritating contact at support point 102 which could
seriously detract from the use of the device 10. It is also
important that the exercise movement of the patient be confined to
ankle movement only, i.e. that there be no flexuring of the
patient's knee or other such foot movement. When confined to only
ankle movement, this has the desirable effect of inducing the calf
muscles to pump and circulate blood from the lower body extremities
throughout the patient's body.
Device 10 is also constructed to have a manual mode of operation,
during which the patient actually performs the leg exercises. In
both these passive and manual phases of operation, the feet of the
patient are projected within left and right foot pedal structures
12 and 14, respectively. These structures are pivotally connected
at a point coincident with reference point 102 noted above, and
provide a pivot axis 16 for pedal 12 and an aligned pivot axis 18
for pedal 14. Omitted from FIG. 1, but shown in FIG. 5, is a pad 20
on which the patient's calf rests when his feet are projected
within the pedal structures 12 and 14.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, pedals 12 and 14 are located generally in
the front area of an outer casing or housing 22. The passive mode
of operation of device 10, which as noted contemplates the
actuation or driving of the pedal structures 12 and 14 in
alternating pivotal traverses about the pivot axes 16 and 18, makes
use of a motor which is generally located in the bottom rear of the
interior of the housing 22. Connected in driving relation from this
motor to the pedal structures 12 and 14 is a linkage, now to be
described in detail, which avoids any use of springs, as was used
in the device of U.S. Pat. No. 3,526,220. The device hereof is thus
not vulnerable to fatigue or wear which adversely affects its
operation, particularly after prolonged use. As may best be
appreciated by FIGS. 2, 3, 5 and 6 in conjunction with FIG. 1, in
one corner of housing 22 there is a powering electric motor 24
having a motor shaft 26 extending transversely therefrom in
substantially parallel relation to the pivot axes 16, 18. Mounted
on the free end of the motor shaft 26, as at 28, is an eccentric 30
on which there is a bearing 32 and crank arm 34. Thus, the
components 30, 32 and 34 define a cranking mechanism which, in
response to rotation of the motor shaft 26, results in
reciprocating or cranking movement of the arm 34.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, the free or opposite end of crank arm 34
is pivotally connected as at 36, to a bifurcated structure 38. As
may best be appreciated from FIG. 3, structure 38 is, in turn,
keyed as at 40, to a free wheeling portion of a clutch 68 disposed
on a transversely extending shaft 42 which is appropriately
journalled in bearings so as to partake of rocking movement. Thus,
assuming that the clutch is operative, in response to cranking
movement of the crank arm 34, shaft 42 is correspondingly urged
through alternating clockwise and counterclockwise traverses about
its transverse axis.
As may best be appreciated from FIG. 5, mounted to partake of the
oscillating or pivotal traverses of shaft 42 is a radially
extending link 44. Pivotally connected on opposite sides of link
44, as at 46 and 48, are additional connecting links 50 and 52
which complete the powering connection between the motor 24 and the
foot pedal structures 12 and 14. This connection, however, is made
to the pedal structures 12 and 14 to maintain the same in
180.degree. out of phase relationship. Thus, if one pedal structure
is in a forward or raised or ready position, the other structure is
in a rearwardly depressed position, and the mode of operation
contemplates that the movement of one pedal from its ready position
through a pedaling stroke will have the effect of raising the other
pedal into its ready position, preparatory to another pedaling
stroke.
In order to achieve the 180.degree. out of phase relationship it is
therefore provided that link 50 have a pivotal connection, as at
54, to a link 56 which is fixedly connected to extend radially from
pivot axis 16 of the left pedal structure 12. Link 52, on the other
hand, is pivotally connected, as at 58, to a link 60 similarly
connected to extend radially of the pivot axis 18, but at an
angular orientation which is 180.degree. out of phase with link 56.
The angular relation just noted is demonstrated in FIG. 3 by the
position of the pivots 54 and 58. Also in FIG. 3 the ready position
of pedal structure 14 is illustrated in phantom perspective, and
the position thereof after a pedal stroke in full line
perspective.
The passive mode of operation of the device 10 can perhaps best be
understood from the diagramatic illustration of the linkage of FIG.
4. Specifically, as illustrated in that figure, powering rotation
of the motor shaft 26 results in reciprocating movement of the
eccentric 30 to the extent of the crank arm throw 62. This, in
turn, results in alternating reciprocating movement in link 34, and
thus in cranking movement between positions 64 and 66 of the
bifurcated structural link 38. As a result, shaft 42 oscillates
through pivotal traverses and, in turn, actuates link 44 through
corresponding pivotal traverses. Assuming link 44 is in its full
line position as illustrated in FIG. 4, when this link is rotated
in a counterclockwise direction, this results in simultaneous
movement from right to left of both of the connecting links 50 and
52. This directional movement of link 50 causes clockwise movement
of link 56 relative to the pivot axes 16, 18. In contrast, the
right to left movement of link 52 produces counterclockwise
movement in the link 58 relative to the pivot axes 16, 18.
Thus, clockwise movement of pedal structure 12 raises it into its
elevated or ready position preparatory to a pedal stroke, while
counterclockwise movement of pedal structure 14 lowers the same
from its raised or ready position into a forward depressed
position. Naturally, this passive mode of operation of the device
10 is utilized when the bedridden patient is not in a physical
condition where it is advisable for him to exert physical effort in
manually operating the pedals 12 and 14.
When, however, the patient is physically able to manually operate
the pedals 12 and 14, and this form of mild exercise is medically
desirable, the device 10 hereof is readily converted to its manual
mode of operation. This conversion naturally includes, as a part
thereof, termination of the operation of the motor 24, following
which the patient manually operates the pedals 12 and 14 about the
pivot axes 16, 18. It is commercially desirable that this manual
phase of operation require more than merely allowing the patient to
depress the raised pedal against the opposition, or resistance to
movement, provided by the other pedal which is in its forward
depressed position. To this end, it is provided that in the manual
utilization of the within device 10 there is the capability of
increasing, to any selected degree or extent, an amount of
resistance of movement to be overcome by the patient in depressing
the raised pedal during a pedaling stroke.
In accordance with the present invention, this is achieved using an
electric clutch 68 conveniently and strategically located adjacent
one end of shaft 42. Clutch 68 may be of conventional construction
and mode of operation, and is readily available commercially, as
for example from Electroid Corporation. As understood, by
increasing the magnetic field of clutch 68 there is imposed a
correspondingly increased resistance to movement of the shaft 42.
This, in turn, requires an increased physical effort on the part of
the patient to actuate the pedals 12, 14 through pedaling movement.
There are two additional important functions of the electric clutch
68 which now will be described.
During motor opereration of device 10, the powering motor 24
operates through a gear reduction train which provides control over
its output rotation. These gears, however, unavoidably exert a
holding forced on the shaft 42, and thus shaft 42 cannot partake of
pivotal movement during the active or manual operation of the
device 10 so long as this holding function is exerted upon it by
the motor 24. Accordingly, the present invention contemplates
utilizing the clutch 68 to disconnect the motor 24 from the shaft
42 and thus frees the shaft from holding or restraining influence
of the motor 24.
From the preceding description it should be readily apparent that
one of the significant advances of the device 10 hereof is the
ability of the patient to exercise manually, as during the active
mode of the device, and also with the aid of the motor 24, and to
change from one mode to the other as desired. This contemplated
variation in use of the device 10 is possible, in part, because of
the automatic synchronization which is inherent in the operation of
the device 10, and which is contributed in large measure by the
electric clutch 68. Specifically, it should be readily apparent
that motor operation of the device 10 can be terminated at any
point in the pivotal traverse of the foot pedals 12, 14, and the
patient thereafter might continue with manual operation of these
foot pedals. It should further be readily appreciated that the
interval of manual operation of the device 10 can then
theoretically, and in fact most probably, be terminated with the
foot pedals 12, 14 in some other position than their starting
positions. This, however, presents no problems because when the
pedals 12, 14 are driven by the motor 24 they must of necessity
reach an extreme position in their pivotal traverse in which they
are in physical abutment against a stop pad 104. In this extreme
position, the foot pedal cannot proceed any further in the
direction of travel which brought it against the stop 104.
Meanwhile, the linkage powered by the motor may not be in its
position of pivotal traverse corresponding to that of the foot
pedal, and thus said linkage will partake of movement imparted to
it by the motor 24. However, the clutch 68 which occupies an
advantageous position between the moving linkage and the stationary
foot pedal will allow for the relative movement therebetween as
slippage until ultimately the linkage and the foot pedal are in
proper synchronization and move in unison with each other. Stated
another way, during the time that the stop 104 holds the foot pedal
against movement and the motor 24 nevertheless drives the linkage
through movement, the pressure that this creates is relieved by
slippage in the clutch 68. However, this pressure is automatically
relieved when the linkage powered by the motor 24 attains that
position at which continued movement of the linkage raises the foot
pedal 14 from the stop 104 and thus in a direction in which the
foot pedal 14 is free to move.
As may be readily appreciated and understood from prior Pat. No.
3,526,220, effective utilization of the device 10 dictates timing
of the various phases and modes of operation of the device 10, and
also the counting of each cycle of operation so that the attending
physician can judge the performance of the patient. In accordance
with the present invention, the counting mechanism, generally
designated 70, is conveniently provided adjacent the opposite end
of shaft 42, as clearly illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. As
illustrated in these figures, mechanism 70 includes a radially
extending switch arm 72 which is actuated back and forth between
the illustrated full line and phantom line positions of movement
during oscillating or rocking movements of the shaft 42. In said
positions of movement of the arm 72, physical contact is made with
electrical contacts 74 and 76 which, in a well understood manner,
actuate a stepping switch or other counting mechanism to reach each
pivotal traverse of shaft 42, and thus each pedal stroke of the
pedals 12, 14.
As a practical matter, during use of the device 10 in its manual
mode it cannot be expected that the patient will at all times
operate the foot pedals 12 and 14 through a full and complete
pivotal traverse, i.e. a traverse in which each foot pedal is in
turn moved into abutment against the stop pad 104. In most
instances the pivotal traverse will be only partial, perhaps only
two-thirds of a theoretical full stroke. Thus, it is desirable to
adopt the counting means 70 to record a stroke if the pivotal
traverse is two-thirds or more of the theoretical distance that can
be traveled. This may be achieved in any number of ways, as for
example by using a contact arm 72 of a resilient construction
material so that when contact is made at two-thirds of the stroke
the remaining portion of the stroke is allowed for in the
resiliency, and thus bending, of the construction material.
As illustrated in FIG. 8, other suitable controls for the device 10
are appropriately housed in a box-like structure 78 and include a
manual on-off switch 80 for commencing and terminating operation of
the motor 24 to, in turn, provide the passive or manual mode of
operation of the device 10. When motor 24 is operating, this may be
conveniently indicated by energization of a pilot light 82. Located
centrally of the control panel unit 78 is an electro-mechanical
timer 84. Resettable digital displays or counters 86 and 88 are
provided for monitoring the manual and motor operation of the
device 10. Another desirable control is that designated 90, which
will be understood to be a calibration of the magnetic field of the
electric clutch 68 in terms of physical units, such as pounds per
square inch or the like, which, in an obvious manner, facilitates
selecting an appropriate resistance to movement in the manual
operation of the pedals 12 and 14. Completing the controls 78 is a
fuse 92 limiting the current utilized during operation of the
device 10 to safe limits.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 8, a T-shaped bracket 94 is secured
along the top of the housing 22 to accommodate a cooperating shaped
connecting bracket 96 mounted in depending relation along the
bottom of the control box 78. The T-shaped member 94 is convenient
for holding the control box 78 during shipment of the device 10. At
point of use, however, it is contemplated that the control box 78
will be disconnected from its mount 94 and either hand held or
positioned adjacent the patient, so that he can follow any schedule
of passive and active exercises.
To prevent loss of the pad 20, the same may be conveniently
integrated in the device 10 by using the pivot axis structure 16
and 18 as holders for each of the pads. This has the additional
benefit of providing each pad 20 with a storage position, wherein
it is pivoted about the holding structure 16, 18 into the
compartment occupied by the foot pedal housings 14 and 16.
From the foregoing it should be readily appreciated that there has
been described herein an improved foot exerciser that has both a
passive and manual phase of operation in which, among other
desirable features, there has been wholly eliminated any need for
springs or other components which are subject to fatigue and
vulnerable to changes in physical characteristics over prolonged
periods of use. A latitude of modification, change and substitution
is intended in the foregoing disclosure, and in some instances some
features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding
use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the
appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent
with the spirit and scope of the invention herein.
* * * * *