U.S. patent number 3,917,222 [Application Number 05/539,153] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-04 for sound suppressing gas flow control device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Vacco Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to George J. Kay, Alan Keskinen.
United States Patent |
3,917,222 |
Kay , et al. |
November 4, 1975 |
Sound suppressing gas flow control device
Abstract
A co-axial stack of annular disks, each of which is preferably
made of a sheet metal so thin as to be individually flexible, is
held under axial compression to define an essentially rigid column.
Each disk, on at least one surface thereof, is integrally formed
with a plurality of radially extending depressions, preferably of
non-circular cross-section, whose sidewalls diverge radially
outwardly away from one another, each such depression defining a
diffuser passage with a surface of an adjacent disk. The disks are
formed with substantially identical patterns of depressions and the
plurality of disks are substantially identically angularly oriented
with respect to each other so that the land areas between
depressions are directly superimposed on each other to sustain the
axial compression of the stack without deformation of the
individual thin disks. The compressed stack provides a very high
density of inlet and outlet orifices on the inner and outer walls
thereof whose interconnecting passageways are opened or closed by
axial movement of a valve member through the central passage
defined by the stack. The gradient of increase in cross-sectional
area of the diffuser passages from inlet to outlet is calculated to
maintain a substantially constant velocity of the gas flow
therethrough, with a gradually increasing specific volume gradient
from inlet to outlet.
Inventors: |
Kay; George J. (Huntington
Beach, CA), Keskinen; Alan (Sun Valley, CA) |
Assignee: |
Vacco Industries, Inc. (South
El Monte, CA)
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Family
ID: |
27034171 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/539,153 |
Filed: |
January 6, 1975 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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445111 |
Feb 25, 1974 |
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276831 |
Jul 31, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
251/127;
137/625.28; 138/42 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16L
55/02781 (20130101); F16K 47/08 (20130101); Y10T
137/86718 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F16L
55/027 (20060101); F16L 55/02 (20060101); F16K
47/00 (20060101); F16K 47/08 (20060101); F15D
001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/625.28,625.3,625.31
;251/127 ;138/42,43 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Klinksiek; Henry T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Mueller; Frederick E.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 445,111, filed Feb.
25, 1974, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 276,831,
filed July 31, 1972, both now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. A constant velocity gas flow control device comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet intercommunicated by a gas
flow passage;
a rigid gas flow velocity control means rigidly mounted in said
housing and having sufficient cross-sectional area to fully occupy
the cross-sectional area of that portion of said flow passage in
which said rigid means is mounted;
said rigid means comprising a compressively loaded stack of planar
members of abutting surface shape characteristics defining a
plurality of rigidly inflexibly defined, clear unobstructed flow
passageways therethrough, between adjacent pairs of said planar
members, oriented to intercommunicate inlet and outlet portions of
said flow passage, each of said passageways having an exit, opening
into the outlet portion of said passage, that is of larger
cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the entrance
of said passageway,
each of said passageways increasing in cross-sectional area from
its entrance to its exit along a predetermined gradual gradient of
increase of cross-sectional area for maintaining the velocity of
the gas substantially constant during passage through each of said
passageways.
2. A device as in claim 1 in which each of said passageways is
formed about a straight line axis of the passageway.
3. A device as in claim 1 in which said predetermined gradient of
increase in cross-sectional area of each passageway is at a
non-uniform gradually increasing rate.
4. A device as in claim 1 in which said device includes a valve
member having a surface of shape characteristics matingly
complementary to that end of said rigid gas flow control means in
which said entrances of said passageways are formed, said valve
member being mounted for movement in a direction to vary the number
of said entrances that are obstructed by said valve member.
5. A sound suppressing valve comprising:
a valve housing having an inlet and an outlet intercommunicated by
a flow passage;
a stack of planar laminae, each of which comprises a thin flexible
sheet that is formed with a plurality of individual lands on at
least one surface thereof for abutment with a confronting surface
of an adjacent one of said sheets, all of said sheets having some
lands arranged for superimposition when said stack is under
compression, the voids between said lands providing a plurality of
rigidly inflexibly defined, clear unobstructed passageways through
said stack between each adjacent pair of said sheets when said
stack is held under compression imposed on said superimposed lands,
each of said passageways being gradually divergent with an exit
orifice, opening into the outlet portion of said flow passage, that
is of larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of
the inlet orifice of said passageway, each of said passageways
increasing in cross-sectional area from its inlet to its exit along
a predetermined gradual gradient of increase of cross-sectional
area to maintain a substantially constant velocity during gas flow
from the inlet to the exit of said passageway;
a means in said valve housing for supporting said stack, under
compression, across an outlet portion of said flow passage whereby
said stack is rigidified and defines a high density of inlet and
outlet orifices of said flow passageways on opposite sides of said
stack comprising the sum of the pluralities of said passageways
defined between each pair of adjacent sheets in the compressed
stack;
and a valve member having a surface of shape characteristics
matingly complementary to that end of said compressed stack in
which said inlet orifices of said passageways are defined, said
valve member being mounted for movement in a direction to vary the
number of said inlet orifices that are obstructed by said valve
member.
6. A valve as in claim 5 in which each of said sheets comprises a
sheet of metal that is etched on at least one surface thereof to
define said lands, with the etch-roughened surfaces of said sheet
of metal comprising part of said passageways to induce frictional
drag in the gas passing therethrough.
7. A valve as in claim 6 in which said stack is comprised of
annular sheets and each of said lands extends from the inlet side
to the outlet side of said stack to define one of said plurality of
passageways between adjacent ones of said plurality of lands.
Description
The present invention relates to a high pressure reducing valve for
gases that suppresses the generation of undesirable noise such as
would otherwise be created by great pressure drops between the
inlet and outlet.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a valve incorporating the
invention, with portions cut away to schematically show features of
internal construction;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of one form of sound suppressing disk,
superimposed on another identical disk;
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view on the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
and
FIG. 4 is a partial plan view of another embodiment of sound
suppressing disk.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As one illustration of the use of the invention, FIG. 1
schematically illustrates a valve configuration adapted to produce
a variable flow rate with a high pressure differential, the flow
rate being a function of downstream demand. As is schematically
indicated, this exemplary pressure regulator valve assembly
includes a hollow dome 10 mounted on a cup-like member 11 that is
interiorly formed with a central guide sleeve 12. While not
illustrated, it will be understood that the dome 10 houses a
conventional regulator mechanism, such as a piston, drivingly
connected to a poppet control rod 13 that is axially slidably
mounted through the guide 12. The regulator assembly also includes
conventional passages and controls (not shown) intercommunicating
opposite sides of the piston to inlet and outlet pressures of the
valve assembly in order to vary the flow rate through the valve
assembly in accordance with downstream demand.
The poppet control rod 13 is formed with a circumferential groove
14 that retains an O-ring seal 15 to prevent leakage between the
interior of the dome 10 and the gases passing through a valve body
schematically indicated by the numeral 16. A cylindrical poppet
body 17 may be integrally formed as a downward co-axial extension
of the control rod 13, the poppet body being of cylindrical
configuration and developing into a frusto-conically tapered poppet
18 that is matingly engageable with a frusto-conical seat 19 formed
in the valve body 16. The valve body is also provided with a
tubular guide sleeve 20, co-axially related to the valve seat 19
and poppet body 17, within which a reduced diameter guide rod 21,
comprising a co-axial extension of the poppet body 17, is axially
reciprocable. At its lower end, the rod 21 has a cylindrical guide
member 22 rigidly secured thereto and formed with a circumferential
groove 23 to retain a suitable O-ring 24 to seal the interior of
the valve body 16 from the atmosphere.
The valve body 16 contains a co-axial stack 25 of sheet metal disks
such as, for example, the disk 26 shown in FIG. 2. Each of the
disks 26 is formed with a central circular opening 27 of a diameter
to permit axial movement of the poppet body 17 therethrough with a
very slight clearance, on the order 0.0005 inches. In addition,
each disk 26 is formed with a plurality of circularly spaced apart
perforations 28, all of the disks having the same pattern of holes
28 to define passages through the stack of disks to receive the
unthreaded shanks of a plurality of bolts 29. As is shown in FIG.
1, the underside of the member 11 is formed with a circular recess
30 to receive a clamping ring 31 having internal and external
diameters which are the same as the external and internal diameters
of the disks 26. The clamping ring 31 is provided with a bolt hole
pattern corresponding to the pattern of the disk opening 28, the
bolt holes being countersunk to receive the heads of the bolts 29.
The bottom of the valve body 16 is formed with a plurality of
tapped bores 32 arranged in the same hole pattern as the bolt hole
pattern of the clamping member 31. Accordingly, by torquing each of
the bolts 29 to the same degree, the clamping ring 31 applies a
uniform pressure to the stack of disks 25 to axially compress the
disks between the clamping ring and the base of the valve body.
The tubular portion 20 of the valve is provided with an inlet 35
that is in communication with a high pressure source of a gas,
while the valve body 16 is provided with an outlet 36 to supply
downstream demand. As is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, one face of each
disk 26 is formed with a plurality of grooves 37 separated by land
areas 39 so that each pair of disks defines a plurality of radially
extending passageways 40 through which gas may flow upon actuation
of the poppet 17. An annular area 41 is defined between the outer
periphery of the stack 25 of disks and the surrounding wall of the
valve body 16. Accordingly, upon downstream demand being sensed by
the regulator assembly the poppet 17 is raised from the fully
closed position shown in FIG. 1, whereby gas flows radially
outwardly through the stack of disks into the annulus 41, thence to
supply the downstream demand through the outlet 36.
In the exemplary disk 26, there are four quadrants of the grooves
37, each quadrant in this case containing ten of the diffuser
grooves, the quadrants being separated by relatively broad land
areas 39a in which the bolt hole perforations 28 are formed. FIG. 4
is a partial plan view of another exemplary form of disk 42, formed
on one surface with another configuration of radially extending
diffuser grooves 43 separated by land portions 44. While not fully
shown, it is to be understood that the disk 42 is also divided into
sectors or quadrants, each containing a plurality of the passages
43, each of the sectors or quadrants being separated by relatively
large land areas adapted to accommodate a desired hole pattern of
perforations for receiving the corresponding bolts utilized in the
compression of a stack of such disks.
The disks 26 and 42 are specifically adapted for use in a valve
designed for handling of high pressure air or nitrogen or the like.
As such, they are preferably made by a chemical milling process
with a desired number of grooves being etched out of one surface of
a thin sheet of metal as for example, stainless steel on the order
of 0.002 inch in thickness and with a depth of etch of the grooves
on the order of 30 microns. It will also be understood that,
depending on the desired characteristics of the valve, with respect
to flow rate and inlet and outlet pressures, each disk may be made
in any desired pattern of sectors or quadrants of grooves, each
containing a desired number of the grooves, with each quadrant or
sector being divided by an appropriate number of land areas within
which the bolt hole perforations may be formed in a desired hole
pattern. Additionally, while it is preferred that each groove be
formed to define a substantially rectangular cross-sectional area,
other cross-sectional areas may be employed so that each groove
defines a passageway of non-polygonal cross-sectional configuration
when placed on a stack of similar disks, with each groove being
closed by an unetched area of another disk thereon, or with each
groove in registration with a similar groove of another disk
thereon. Furthermore, while in the case of the disks 26 and 42 the
grooves 37 and 43, respectively are symmetrically formed with radii
of the disk as their axes of symmetry, the grooves may be sinuous
or tortuous in form. In any event, for optimum sound suppression in
accordance with the invention it is desired that each groove
increase in cross-sectional area, from the inlet end to the outlet
end thereof, at a rate which will effect a substantially constant
velocity of the gas therethrough, with a desired gradual rate of
increase of the specific volume of the gas from the inlet to the
outlet, and with a desired gradual rate of reduction of pressure
from the inlet to the outlet.
By way of example, let it be assumed that the regulator valve of
FIG. 1 contains a compressed stack of the disks 26 of FIG. 2,
having grooves 37 etched in one face only thereof, the grooves of
each disk being closed by the unetched continuously planar
underface of an adjacent disk to define the passages 40. As
illustrated in FIG. 2, each groove 37 has sidewalls constituting
radii of the disk 26 with an inlet having a width on the order of
1/4 or 1/5 of the width of the outlet end of the groove.
Accordingly, when placed in a compressed stack 25, the disks 26
define radial diffuser passages 40 with a cross-sectional area
expansion ratio on the order of 4 or 5 to 1, at a uniform rate of
expansion, geometrically.
The disk 42 of FIG. 4 is formed with grooves 43, providing a
changing rate of cross-sectional area expansion, in which the
sidewalls of each groove 43 diverge from the inlet to the outlet
ends thereof at a rate which increases with increase in radius of
the cross-sectional area from the center of disk 42. For example,
it being understood that the representation of FIG. 4 is schematic,
let it be assumed that the disk 42 has an inner diameter of .875
inches and an outer diameter of 3.50 inches. In this instance,
where it was desired to maintain a constant velocity of air, of dew
point -50.degree.F., through each diffuser passage at approximately
300 feet per second, with each passage delivering approximately 0.3
scfm, to achieve a pressure drop of about 3,800 psig, the grooves
43 were sized as follows. Each groove was etched to a depth of 30
microns with the width increasing at an increasing rate
proportional to its radius from the geometric center of the disk.
In view of the desired substantially constant velocity and the
specified pressure reduction of the particular gas, the width of
the passage 43 was determined at radius increments R' 0.437 inches,
R" 0.650 inches and R'" 1.750 inches as widths a 0.017, b 0.025 and
c 0.041 inches, respectively, with intermediate points interpolated
and joined by plotting a curve. As a result, there was a decrease
in pressure gradient from the inlet to the outlet from 4,500 to 735
psig and an increase in specific volume gradient of the air from
inlet to outlet from 0.0458 to 0.248 ft. 3/lb. The gas velocity
through each passageway was thus maintained substantially constant
at 300 feet per second, decreasing to no less than 280 feet per
second at the exit, and the temperature of the air flowing through
each passageway remained at substantially 32.degree.F. As the
velocity of the gas flow was maintained substantially constant, the
noise generated was radically less than the noise which would
otherwise have been generated in a comparable valve in which the
pressure differential was a function only of the clearance of the
poppet with respect to the valve seat, or by dividing the gas for
passage through small orifices of uniform cross-section throughout
their length. In addition, freezing of air in the flow channels was
prevented, the temperature having been maintained on the order of
80.degree.F. above the dew point of the air being passed, in view
of the elimination of abrupt expansion of cross-sectional area
throughout the length of each flow passage.
As is shown in FIG. 1, the valve seat 19 is located immediately
beneath the stack 25 of disks and when the seat is closed by the
poppet 18 the inlet ends of all of the disks of the stack are
closed by the poppet body 17. As will be apparent, the amount of
exposure of the inlets to the stack of disks is proportional to the
linear displacement of the poppet 18 from the seat 19. Under
conditions of partial flow, a portion of the poppet body 17
continues to close the inlets to a corresponding axial length of
the stack 25. In this connection, it is desirable to minimize, as
greatly as possible, the flow of gas between the poppet body 17 and
the inlets to that length of the stack desired to be closed.
Accordingly, the clearance between the poppet body 17 and the inner
peripheries 27 of the stack of disks should be held to a minimum
and, under conditions of partial flow, the poppet body 17 must be
maintained in precise co-axial alignment with the inner edges or
peripheries 27 of the stack of disks. As the poppet control rod 13
and the poppet body 17 have a close sliding fit in the central
opening of the member 39 and in the guide cylinder 12, at one end,
and at the other end is interconnected to the rod extension 21
whose lower end is supported by the guide member 22 having a close
sliding fit with the tubular extension 20, the desired precise
co-axial alignment of the poppet body 17 in the stack 25 can be
maintained in all conditions of flow, the poppet being
balanced.
As will now be apparent, when the poppet 18 is open, the flow
resistance through the valve is greater than merely the resistance
created by the linear displacement of the poppet 18 from the seat
19, and comprises the sum of the flow resistances of the exposed
radial diffuser passageways through the stack 25 of disks. The
velocity of the gas through the valve is not a function of the
linear displacement of the poppet 18 from its seat 19 but is,
instead, a function of the configuration of the divergent diffuser
passages, such as the passages 37. As the diffuser passages
maintain a substantially constant velocity of the gas flowing
therethrough, at a desired rate which is less than the sonic range
for the pressure differential of the particular valve under
consideration, the creation of noise due to the pressure reduction
between inlet and outlet, which may be very great, is minimized. In
this connection, the use of non-circular diffuser passageways is
preferred to induce turbulence in the flow of the gas therethrough,
to both increase the frictional resistance to the flow and to
inhibit any tendency to increase the pressure of the gas in its
passage from the inlet to the outlet ends thereof.
While specific presently preferred embodiments of the invention
have been disclosed and described, it will be appreciated that
variations from the specific geometry and relationship of the parts
may be made, all within the purview of the invention.
* * * * *