U.S. patent number 3,914,000 [Application Number 05/351,672] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-21 for method of making tubeless gas panel.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Martin Beckerman, John A. Murphy, John V. Orlandi, George W. Smith.
United States Patent |
3,914,000 |
Beckerman , et al. |
October 21, 1975 |
Method of making tubeless gas panel
Abstract
During the course of fabricating a gas panel, a partially
completed gas panel is placed in a vacuum oven for a bake-out, back
fill and sealing operation. During the bake-out, the oven is
evacuated to remove gaseous and vapors contaminants from the gas
panel. Thereafter, during the back fill operation, a display gas
atmosphere is admitted to the oven which fills the gas panel.
Thereafter, the panel is sealed to lock in the desired display gas.
The sealing is accomplished by providing a hole in the back panel
in which is placed a plug so shaped as to allow the gas panel to be
initially evacuated and thereafter back filled with gas. Once the
panel is back filled, the plug is selectively melted to fill the
hole and then allowed to solidify to complete the seal.
Inventors: |
Beckerman; Martin (Woodstock,
NY), Murphy; John A. (Kingston, NY), Orlandi; John V.
(Pine Plains, NY), Smith; George W. (Woodstock, NY) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23381868 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/351,672 |
Filed: |
April 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
445/25; 53/403;
65/34 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
9/261 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
9/26 (20060101); H01J 009/38 () |
Field of
Search: |
;316/20 ;53/7,8,9 ;65/34
;52/304 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
279,227 |
|
Oct 1927 |
|
GB |
|
1,080,192 |
|
Dec 1954 |
|
FR |
|
739,687 |
|
Aug 1966 |
|
CA |
|
Primary Examiner: Lake; Roy
Assistant Examiner: Davie; James W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: McKechnie; Douglas R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In the method of making a gas display panel having a front panel
and a back panel joined in a spaced sealed arrangement forming an
inner chamber containing display gas, wherein the method comprises
baking out a partially completed panel assembly and backfilling
such assembly with display gas, said backfilling being done by
creating an atmosphere of display gas around said panel assembly,
the improvment comprising the steps of:
providing said back panel with a passageway communicating between
said inner chamber and the exterior of said back panel;
detachably supporting a preform on said back panel in said
passageway, said preform being shaped to allow gas to flow through
said passageway;
and, after said backfilling step has been completed and while said
panel assembly is in said atmosphere of display gas, melting said
preform and allowing it to flow downwardly by gravity so as to fill
said passageway, and solidifying said melted preform to seal said
display gas in said inner chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said preform is of a glass
material having a softening point lower than that of the substrate
of said back panel, whereby said melting step selectively melts
said preform without softening said substrate.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the volume of material in said preform is such as to seal said
passageway without any preform material projecting outwardly beyond
the plane of the back surface of said back panel.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said providing step includes
providing said passageway with a countersunk portion facing
upwardly, and said preform is provided with a tubular cylindrical
shape.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method of making or fabricating a gas
panel and, more particularly, to an improved method for sealing a
gas panel assembly containing the display gas.
2. Description of the Prior Art
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 214,348, filed Dec. 30, 1971, now
abandoned, for "Gas Panel Fabrication" by P. H. Haberland et al.,
assigned to the assignee of the present application, discloses a
method of making a gas panel which method is typical of the type
which the present invention is designed to improve. In accordance
with the method disclosed in such application, front and back panel
subassemblies are first constructed having conductors geometrically
arranged according to the pattern desired for the eventual display.
The front and back panels are connected together by means of a seal
which forms a chamber for receiving the display gas. The panels are
spaced apart by a suitable spacer. After the partially completed
gas panel has been assembled, it is necessary to bake-out and back
fill the assembly. To accomplish this, a hole is provided in the
back plate which lies outside of the viewing area of the panel but
communicates with the inner chamber. In accordance with the prior
art method, a glass tubulation or tube is fitted into this hole and
sealed to the assembly, the purpose of the tube being to allow the
inner chamber to be first evacuated at elevated temperature to
remove any gases and vapors. Thereafter, while the inner chamber is
evacuated, the display gas can be admitted through the tube by a
back fill operation. Then, the tube is sealed off.
The use of the tube, while it provides a convenient way to both
evacuate and back fill the gas panel assembly, is also
disadvantageous because of the somewhat brittle nature of the tube.
During the course of making the gas panel and later assembling it
into the complete display device, the panel is subject to
mechanical handling. Thus, should this tube hit something or be
hit, it can snap off. If it snaps in the oven, it may contaminate
the entire batch of other panels being made or it might contaminate
only the particular panel. Hence, it is desirable to eliminate the
use of such a tube.
The disadvantages of the tubular process have been recognized by
others. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 214,174,
filed Dec. 30, 1971, now Pat. No. 3,778,126, for "Gas Display
Structure Without Exhaust Tube Structure" by D. M. Wilson, and
assigned to the assignee of the present application, recognizes the
disadvantages of the tubulation method and proposes an alternate
method in which the front and back panels, neither of which
contains any holes, are assembled in an oven. Before the front and
back panels are permanently connected by the peripheral seal, the
oven is evacuated and then the display gas is admitted. Thereafter,
the parts are sealed together in this gaseous atmosphere to form
the final display.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One of the objects of the invention is to provide a method of
making a gas panel which eliminates the need for any tubulation for
evacuating and back filling the gas panel during assembly
thereof.
Another object of the invention is to provide a relatively
inexpensive and easy to use method of fabricating a gas panel and
sealing the inner chamber containing a display gas.
Briefly, the manner in which the above and other objects of the
invention are attained is to provide a hole within the back panel
which communicates with the inner chamber in an area removed from
the viewing portion of the display. When the panel is placed in an
oven for back-out and back fill, a glass plug is placed in the
hole. The plug is so shaped, such as by having a hole in the
center, to allow gases to be first evacuated from the chamber and
then allow a display gas to be admitted to the chamber. When the
display gas is back filled into the chamber, then the plug is
selectively softened or melted so as to completely fill the hole.
Upon solidification, the plug then completely seals the display gas
within the inner chamber.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the
invention will be apparent from the following more particular
description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, as
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, showing a
portion of a gas panel during the fabrication thereof in accordance
with a typical prior art method;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the gas panel at another
stage of completion in accordance with the prior art method;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale
illustrating a portion of the method embodying the invention;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are views similar to FIG. 3 but with portions
removed, illustrating further steps of the method of the
invention.
It is to be understood in connection with the invention that it is
a subset or step of the overall fabrication process where the
overall process can be in accordance with prior art techniques
using the known materials and procedures. The difference between
the prior art and the present technique will be pointed out in
detail below. Reference may be had to the aforementioned copending
applications for details which are not necessary for an
understanding of the method of the invention.
Referring now to the drawing, FIG. 1 shows a part of a gas panel
display after the completion of one step in the fabrication. As
shown, a front panel subassembly 10 and back panel subassembly 11
are held in a predetermined fixed spaced relationship relative to
each other by a glass spacer 16. A glass seal 15 joins panels 10
and 11 together in such a manner as to form an inner chamber 17
that will eventually be filled with the display gas. A necked down
glass tube 13 has its lower end fitted into a stepped down
cylindrical hole 12 and is joined to back panel 11 by a glass seal
14 of the same composition or reflow properties as seal 15. At such
a stage of construction, the partially completed back panel is
placed in an oven for a bake-out, a back fill and a seal steps
during the course of which the upper end of tube 13 is first
connected to a manifold for first evacuating chamber 17 and back
filling it with the desired display gas. After the display gas is
placed in chamber 17, then the necked down portion of tube 13 can
be melted to seal off the upper end of tube 13', as shown in FIG. 2
and completely seal the display gas within the inner chamber of the
gas panel assembly. It can be readily seen that the tube protrudes
from the back panel 11 and is highly subject to breakage during
mechanical handling.
The improved process of the invention will now be described. With
reference to FIG. 3, the gas panel assembly is first partially
constructed so as to form the subassembly of front and back panels
10 and 11 connected by a seal 15 and separated by a spacer 16 to
form an inner chamber 17. Back panel 11 is provided with a hole 20
at a section thereof which lies outside of the viewing area of
panel 10 but which communicates with chamber 17. The shape of hole
20 is designed to receive a glass plug 21 and support it until the
plug is finally melted. As shown, hole 20 has a counter sunk upper
portion terminating in a cylindrical lower portion of reduced
diameter so that the lower edge of plug 21 can be received in the
enlarged upper portion and supported by the walls. The plug 21 is
placed in hole 20 either before or after the subassembly is placed
in an oven for bake-out and back fill. The shape of plug 21
includes a central passage which allows gases to be withdrawn from
chamber 17 during the evacuation and allows the display gas to be
admitted to chamber 17 during the back fill. As shown, plug 21 has
a cylindrical tubular shape provided with the central passage way
for accomplishing this.
With reference to FIG. 4, when the plug 21 is placed on the
assembly and it is put into the oven, a selectively energizable
annular electrical heater 22 is positioned around plug 21. This
heater is normally de-energized until after the back fill operation
has occurred. Then, by energizing heater 22, plug 21 is melted or
softened to a sufficient viscosity allowing it to flow by gravity
into and partially fill hole 20. Upon solidification, as shown in
FIG. 5, plug 21' is formed which completely seals the display gas
in inner chamber 17.
The amount of material in plug 21 is sufficient to at least
partially fill hole 20 when the plug is melted but without having
any excess material project outwardly beyond the plane of the back
surface of panel 11. While the lower end of plug 21' is shown in
FIG. 5 as not touching panel 10, it may sometimes happen that it
would because of the relatively small distance (in the order of 4
mils) between 10 and 11. Since plug 21' is outside of the viewing
area, this touching has no adverse effect.
The selective melting of plug 20 is due to the composition of plug
21 having a much lower softening point than that of the material of
back panel 11. To accomplish this, it is preferable that plug 21 be
of the same material as that of seal 15. While the selection of
compatible materials is well within the skill of the art and many
different materials can be used, the following glasses may be used,
it being understood that the following compositions are merely
examples and are in no way intended to limit the invention. The
glass substrate of panel 11 may be of the following
composition:
material % by weight ______________________________________ Sl
O.sub.2 72.78 FE.sub.2 O.sub.3 .484 AL.sub.2 O.sub.3 .16 Ti O.sub.2
.013 Ca O 8.63 MG O 3.94 Na.sub.2 O 13.86 SO.sub.3 .26
______________________________________
The above particular glass has a softening point of
729.degree.C.
Plug 21 may have the following percentage by weight
composition:
PbO 64.0 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 15.3 ZnO 14.9 CuO 3.0 Si O.sub.2 1.5
Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 1.3
This particular glass has a softening point of 419.degree.C.
While the method of the invention has been particularly shown and
described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will
be understood by those skilled in the art that varous changes in
form, shape and compositions may be made within the materials
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *