U.S. patent number 3,913,491 [Application Number 05/494,434] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-21 for switching system with onboard and wayside switching.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Signal Corporation. Invention is credited to John H. Auer, Jr., Lawrence M. Polsky.
United States Patent |
3,913,491 |
Auer, Jr. , et al. |
October 21, 1975 |
Switching system with onboard and wayside switching
Abstract
A personalized rapid transit system is disclosed using a
combination of onboard and wayside switching for selecting the
route of vehicles through selected diverge points. In predetermined
locations diverge points employing wayside switching are employed
and the setting of the onboard switching control has no effect. The
onboard system is controlling as the vehicle traverses diverge
points which do not have wayside control. By this means the overall
system can enjoy the advantages of both onboard and wayside
switching at the locations, and under the conditions, which offer
advantages for each.
Inventors: |
Auer, Jr.; John H. (Fairport,
NY), Polsky; Lawrence M. (Rochester, NY) |
Assignee: |
General Signal Corporation
(Rochester, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23964460 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/494,434 |
Filed: |
August 5, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
104/130.07;
104/96; 104/105 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01B
25/00 (20130101); B62D 1/265 (20130101); B61L
23/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01B
25/00 (20060101); B62D 1/00 (20060101); B61L
23/00 (20060101); B62D 1/26 (20060101); E01B
025/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;104/242,243,244,244.1,245,246,247,248,130,96,102,103,105,104,23FS,134
;246/415R,427 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Keen; D. W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kleinman; Milton E. Killian; George
W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A personalized rapid transit system comprising:
a. a vehicle guideway system having a plurality of diverge points
for interconnecting the various branches of the guideway
system;
b. a vehicle for traversing said guideway system from branch to
branch via selected ones of said diverge points by cooperating with
an encountered diverge point to form direction control means for
controlling the direction of egress from the encountered diverge
point;
c. said plurality of diverge points including active and passive
diverge points; and
d. said direction control means comprising onboard control for
cooperating with said active and passive diverge points to
conjointly control the direction of egress from an encountered one
of said active and passive diverge points.
2. The combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said onboard
control means may be selectively adjusted for exclusive control of
the direction of egress from an encountered passive diverge
point.
3. The combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said onboard
control means cooperates with an encountered active diverge point
for determining the direction of egress therefrom but wherein the
direction of egress is independent of the selected adjustment of
said onboard control means.
4. The combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said direction
control means includes selectively adjusted means at each active
diverge point for cooperating with said onboard control to
determine the direction of egress therefrom.
5. The combination as set forth in claim 4 and wherein aid
direction control means includes control elements onboard said
vehicles for cooperating with all diverge points and for
determining the direction of egress from a passive diverge
point.
6. The combination as set forth in claim 5 wherein the direction of
egress of said vehicle from an active diverge point is independent
of the adjustment of the control elements onboard said vehicle.
7. A vehicle guidance system comprising:
a. a vehicle guideway having a trunk and a plurality of branches
connected by a plurality of diverge points;
b. a plurality of individual vehicles travelling from the trunk to
various branches of said guideway via selected ones of said
plurality of diverge points;
c. said diverge points including: active diverge pionts, and
passive diverge points;
d. each of said vehicles including a selectively adjustable vehicle
direction control element responsive to onboard control;
e. said vehicle direction control element cooperating with passive
ones of said diverge points for routing the vehicle through a
passive diverge point in a direction responsive to the selected
adjustment of the vehicle direction control element; and
f. said vehicle direction control element cooperating with active
ones of said diverge points for routing the vehicle through an
active diverge point in a direction responsive to the selected
adjustment of the active diverge point.
8. The combination as set forth in claim 7 wherein the direction a
vehicle is routed through an active diverge point is independent of
the selected adjustment of said vehicle direction control
element.
9. The combination as set forth in claim 8 wherein said vehicle
direction control element may be selectively adjusted concurrent
with the passage of said vehicle through an active one of said
diverge points.
10. In a vehicle switching system;
a. a guideway having a plurality of branches;
b. a plurality of diverge points for connecting the various
branches of said guideway;
c. said diverge points comprising both passive and active diverge
points;
d. a vehicle for travelling along said guideway and traversing
selected ones of said diverge points to selected ones of said
branches;
e. selectively adjustable first direction control means associated
with said vehicle and cooperating with a passive one of said
diverge points for determining the direction of egress from one of
said passive diverge points; and
f. selectively adjustable second direction control means
association with an active one of said diverge points and
cooperating with said first direction control means for determining
the direction of egress from one of said active diverge points.
11. The combination as set forth in claim 10 wherein the direction
of egress from one of said active diverge points is independent of
the adjustment of said first direction control means.
12. The combination as set forth in claim 11 and including means
onboard said vehicle for selectively adjusting said first direction
control means between first and second adjustments concurrent with
the cooperating of said first direction control means with an
active one of said diverge points.
Description
1. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The invention disclosed herein is an improvement of the invention
disclosed in co-pending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 494,433,
filed Aug. 5,1974. The teachings of the related application should
be incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement in Personalized
Rapid Transit systems and more specifically to an improvement in a
PRT system which employs a plurality of types of diverge
points.
In the prior art a disadvantage arose in systems employing wayside
switching in that the separation required between successive
vehicles reduced the passenger handling capabilities. A system
using onboard switching required excessive separation between two
diverge points thereby creating a condition which is not acceptable
at main junctions. The cited application discloses a system which
does not require the wide separation between successive vehicles
that is required in a wayside switching system, and which does not
require the wide separation between diverge points which is
required with an onboard switching system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention discloses a combination of onboard and
wayside switching wherein, with certain diverge points, the diverge
point and the vehicle cooperate one with the other so that the
direction of exit from the diverge point is responsive to the
setting of an onboard device. Another type of diverge point is
provided which is wayside controlled and the direction of exit of a
vehicle entering this diverge point is responsive to the setting of
the wayside control and totally independent of the adjustment of
the onboard switching element, notwithstanding the fact that the
onboard switching element does cooperate with the diverge point as
the vehicle passes through the point.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and
improved Personal Rapid Transit System.
It is another, and more specific, object of the invention to
provide a PRT system which employs both wayside and onboard
switching.
It is another object of the invention to provide a PRT system
incorporating onboard switching but wherein the direction of travel
through selected diverge points is independent of the adjustment of
the onboard switching mechanism.
It is another object of the invention to provide a PRT system
wherein the number of onboard switching elements is reduced.
It is another object of the invention to provide a PRT system which
can accommodate an increased number of vehicles and passengers
without any reduction in safety.
It is another object of the invention to provide the advantages of
both onboard and wayside switching.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the
present invention will be more fully appreciated, by those skilled
in the related arts, by considering the following detailed
description of an illustrative embodiment taken together with the
drawing in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a plan view of a guideway including a diverge
point;
FIG. 2 comprises a cross-sectional view of the guideway of the FIG.
1 on the line 2--2 and illustrates a vehicle in the guideway;
FIG. 3 illustrates a guideway including a diverge point which is
wayside controlled; and
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional veiw of the guideway at
section line 4-4 and includes a vehicle in the guideway.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
For the purposes of understanding systems and structures described
herein, it should be understood that a "wayside" switching system
comprises a system wherein the specific branch that a vehicle
follows as it traverses a diverge point is established by the
position, or condition, of a selectively positioned element or
portion of the diverge point.
"Onboard" switching comprises a system wherein the direction taken
by a vehicle as it traverses a diverge point is established by the
position, or condition, of an element on, or directly associated
with the vehicle and which is selectiveley positioned.
The following terminology relating to diverge points is also used
herein:
An active diverge point comprises one wherein some part or
component of the diverge point is adjusted, set or controlled to
influence the emerge path of a vehicle entering the diverge
point.
A passive diverge point comprises one which has no wayside control
or other means for making any physical, mechanical or electrical
adjustment, change or control of the diverge point.
In a personalized rapid transit system, vehicles may be guided in
guideways such as shown in FIG. 1. The guideway of FIG. 1 includes
a main trunk guideway 101 which leads to a diverge point 102 from
which guideway branches 103 and 104 lead to the left and right,
respectively. A vehicle (not shown) may travel on the main trunk
guideway 101 and enter the diverge point 102 and be routed
selectively to either the guideway branch 103 or 104. Some means
must be provided for positively directing a travelling vehicle from
the trunk guideway 101 to the selected one of the branches 103 or
104. The diverge point 102 cooperates with a vehicle having onboard
switching. Associated with the diverge point 102 is a left guide
rail 105 and a right guide rail 106.
Considering now more specifically FIG. 2, there will be seen a
vehicle 201 which travels on power driven wheels 202 on the
guideway 101 which has a left side wall 203 and a right side wall
204. As may be seen in FIG. 2 the left and right guide rail 105 and
106 may comprise members which extend outwardly and down from the
side walls 203 and 204, respectively. The onboard switching device
comprises an arm 205 which may pivot about point 206 to raise the
left direction guide member 207 with respect to the right direction
guide member 208 so that the left direction guide member 207 will
be entrapped within an area defined by the left side wall 203 and
the left guide rail 105. If the arm 205 is pivoted in the other
direction about pivot point 206 so that the right direction guide
member 208 is at a higher level than the left direction guide
member 207, the right direction member 208 will be entrapped within
the area formed by the right side wall 204 and the right guide rail
106.
With the arm 205 in the position illustrated in FIG. 2, it will be
evident that as the vehicle 201 travels along the main trunk 101
and approaches the diverge point 102 the left direction guide
member 207 will be entrapped between the left side wall 203 and the
left guide rail 105 and thereby direct the vehicle 201 from the
main trunk guideway 101 to the left guideway branch 103. The right
direction guide member 208 exercises no control over the vehicle
201 when the arm 205 is switched to the position illustrated.
The systems illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises an onboard
switching system and the onboard switch comprising the arm 205 and
its associated elements 207 and 208 may be set and locked in the
required position at any convenient time before the vehicle 201 is
within the safe stopping distance of the diverge point 102. More
specifically, the switch on board the vehicle 201 may be set and
locked as soon as the vehicle 201 has negotiated any previous
diverge point even though there may be additional vehicles between
the vehicle 201 and the diverge point 102. As thus far described,
the present system does not differ materially from onboard systems
referred to in the cited application. The diverge point 102
comprises a passive diverge point.
Considering now more specifically FIG. 3, there will be seen a main
trunk guideway 301 a diverge point 302 which may direct traffic
from the main trunk guideway 301 to the left guideway branch 303 or
to the right guideway branch 304. The diverge point 302, in this
case, comprises a point which is controlled by a wayside switching
element (not shown). The diverge point 302 includes a left guide
rail section 305 and a right guide rail section 306. In addition
there is a left switching guide rail section 311 and a right
switching guide rail section 312 which may be pivoted in unison
about pivot points 309 and 310, respectively. The left and right
switching guidance sections 311 and 312 are shown in one position
in solid lines and in the alternate position in dotted lines. With
the left and right switching guide rail sections 311 and 312 in the
position illustrated in solid lines a vehicle approaching on the
main trunk guideway 301 will be directed to the left guideway
branch 303. Conversely, when the left and right switching guide
rail sections 311 and 312 of the diverge point 302 are in position
illustrated by the dotted lines a vehicle approaching the diverge
point 302 on the main trunk guideway 301 will be diverted to the
right guideway branch 304. The diverge point 302 comprises an
active point.
Consideration will now be given to FIG. 4 which comprises a
cross-sectional view along line 4--4 of the active diverge point
302 shown in FIG. 3. There is shown a vehicle 401 which is moved
along the main trunk guideway 301 by power driven wheels 402. The
guideway 301 has a left and right side wall 403 and 404,
respectively. The vehicle 401 has an arm 405 which may be
selectively pivoted about point 406, as illustrated, to raise the
left direction guide member 407 relative to the right direction
guide member 408. As thus far described, the elements of FIG. 4 are
substantially identical to corresponding elements in FIG. 2. To
enhance the understanding of this similarity, corresponding
elements have been given identifying numbers which are identical
except for the first digit. The distinctions relating to the
wayside switching of the diverge point 302 will now be
described.
As already indicated with respect to FIG. 3 it has been shown that
when the left switching guide rail section 311 and the right
switching guide rail section 312 are as shown in solid lines a
vehicle will be directed from the main trunk guideway 301 to the
left guideway branch 303. The left and right switching guide rail
sections 311 and 312 of FIG. 3 are also shown and designated in
FIG. 4 as elements 311 and 312, respectively. It should be noted
that the left and right switching guide rail sections 311 and 312
extend downward towards the roadbed 301 considerably further than
the corresponding elements of the guide rails 105 and 106 as shown
in FIG. 2. More specifically, the left direction guide member 407
will be entrapped between the left switching guide rail section 311
and the left side wall 403 irrespective of the pivoting of the arm
405. That is, irrespective of whether or not the left direction
guide member 407 is higher or lower relative to the right direction
guide member 408 the left direction guide member 407 can be
entrapped as mentioned above. Stated differently, this means that
when the active wayside diverge point 302 is set and adjusted to
the position shown in solid lines the setting of the onboard
mechanism and the arm 405 will have absolutely no control
concerning the direction that the vehicle 401 takes as it
approaches and traverses the active diverge point 302. If it is
desired to make the vehicle 401 pass through the diverge point 302
so as to go to the right guideway branch 304, the left and right
switching guide rail section 311 and 312 will be moved by the
wayside control (not shown) from their solid line positions to
their dotted line positions. With the active diverge point 302 set
as mentioned the right direction guide member 408 will be entrapped
between the right switching guide rail section 312 and the right
side wall 404 and guide the vehicle 401 from the main trunk
guideway 301 to the right guideway branch 304; and this entrapment
is true irrespective of the setting of arm 405.
It should be noted that the vehicle 201 of FIG. 2 and the vehicle
401 of FIG. 4 are identical and that the vehicle 401 could pass
through the diverge point 102 in the manner described for vehicle
201. In a similar manner the vehicle 201 could pass through the
diverge point 302 in the same manner described for vehicle 401. In
summary, there has been shown a single type of vehicle and two
different types of diverge points. The direction of the vehicle as
it emerges from diverge points of type 102 will be determined by
the setting of an onboard switching device. The direction of travel
a vehicle as it emerges from a diverge point of type 302 is
independent of the setting of the onboard switching device and
depends upon the adjustment of the active diverge point 302.
Accordingly, by the judicious placement of the diverge points of
type 102 and type 302 various advantages may be obtained. More
specifically, in systems employing passive diverge points of the
type 102 and onboard switching it has not been practical to place a
group of diverge points as close together as might be desirable at
main junction points. In systems employing wayside switching, such
as diverge point 302, safety considerations have required a
substantial distance between vehicles approaching a diverge point.
Accordingly, both onboard and wayside switching systems have
individual advantages and disadvantages under different conditions.
A system built employing the principles shown herein using passive
diverge points, of the type 102, where such points may be widely
separated; and using active diverge points, of the type 302 where
diverge points must be in close proximity, provides a system having
the best features of both a wayside switching system and an onboard
switching system without incurring the disadvantages of either.
In summary there has been shown a PRT system which employs both
wayside and onboard switching in such a manner that the onboard
switching structure has no influence as the vehicle passes through
an active diverge point with wayside control.
While there has been shown and described what is considered at the
present to be the preferred embodiment of the invention,
modifications thereto will readily occur to those skilled in the
related arts. For example, in another system the coupling between
the cooperating switching elements of the vehicle and the diverge
point may comprise electronic and/or magnetic means rather than
mechanical means. Other substitutions of known wayside and onboard
switching devices could be made. It is believed that no further
analysis or description is required and that the foregoing so fully
reveals the gist of the present invention that those skilled in the
applicable arts can adapt it to meet the exigencies of their
specific requirements. It is not desired, therefore, that the
invention be limited to the embodiments shown and described, and it
is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications
as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *