U.S. patent number 3,912,114 [Application Number 05/405,803] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-14 for digitally openable container closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Aluminum Company of America. Invention is credited to Charles L. Jordan, James R. Morran.
United States Patent |
3,912,114 |
Morran , et al. |
October 14, 1975 |
Digitally openable container closure
Abstract
A construction for a digitally openable container closure which
includes at least one inwardly displaceable opening panel each of
which is defined by a fracturable web forming a locus of separation
of the opening panel from the adjacent portion of the closure, an
integral deflectable portion projecting outwardly from the closure
adjacent the fracturable web around each opening panel and
weakening lines in the closure adjacent each opening panel
extending across the closure between the opening panel and a
central panel of the closure to facilitate displacement of the
deflectable portion of the wall in response to digitally applied
inwardly directed pressure to initiate fracture of the web and
permit inwardly displacement of a separated opening panel.
Inventors: |
Morran; James R. (Apollo,
PA), Jordan; Charles L. (Pittsburgh, PA) |
Assignee: |
Aluminum Company of America
(Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23605308 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/405,803 |
Filed: |
October 12, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
220/268;
222/541.6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
17/401 (20180101); B65D 2205/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
47/02 (20060101); B65D 39/00 (20060101); B65D
47/00 (20060101); B65D 49/00 (20060101); B65D
039/00 (); B65D 047/02 (); B65D 049/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/541
;220/27,48,268,269,270,207,208 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Knowles; Allen N.
Assistant Examiner: Lane; Hadd
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Brownlee, Esq.; David W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A sheet metal container component having a generally planar wall
with at least one relatively rigid inwardly displaceable opening
panel in said wall bounded in substantial part by a fracturable web
defining a locus of separation of said opening panel from the
adjacent portion of said wall, an integral deflectable portion
projecting outwardly from said container component adjacent said
fracturable web in surrounding relation with said opening panel and
relatively easily deflected in comparison with the opening panel
and at least one weakening line in said wall adjacent said opening
panel and extending across at least a portion of said wall on the
side of the opening panel toward the center of said wall and ends
thereof extending in generally opposite directions toward the
peripheral edge of the wall to facilitate displacement of said
deflectable portion and said wall in response to digitally applied
inwardly directed pressure to strain said web and initiate fracture
thereof to permit inward displacement of a separated opening
panel.
2. A sheet metal container component as set forth in claim 1 in
which said weakening line forms an obtuse angle open toward said
opening panel.
3. A sheet metal container component as set forth in claim 1 in
which said weakening line comprises a line of reduced metal
thickness.
4. A sheet metal container component as set forth in claim 1 in
which said weakening line comprises a score line in the metal.
5. A sheet metal container component as set forth in claim 1 which
includes two opening panels adjacent opposite edges of said wall
and at least one weakening line in said wall adjacent each said
opening panel on the side thereof toward the other opening
panel.
6. A sheet metal container component as set forth in claim 1 which
includes a zone of coining adjacent said fracturable web around the
opening panel and two weakening lines extend from opposite sides of
the opening panel generally toward a central portion of said
container component tangential to said zone of coining.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to containers and container closures and in
particular to a container closure for liquid contents under
pressure and having inwardly one or more displaceable opening
panels in the closure for forming pouring and/or vent openings
therein.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
Many billions of metal cans are fabricated each year to contain,
preserve and transport beverages, such as soda and beer. Many of
these cans include easy opening devices for forming pouring
openings in the can ends without the need for special tools. These
easy opening devices typically include a tear strip with a pull tab
attached thereto by means of an integral rivet. The widespread
utilization of easy opening devices of this type has created
problems due to the hazards attendant the relatively sharp-edged
removable tab portion thereof and the propensity of consumers to
indiscriminately dispose of such tabs immediately following their
separation from the containers.
The prior art, and notably the patent art, is replete with hundreds
of suggested expedients for achieving the long desired objective of
simplified can opening, including many suggested expedients for can
closures that can be digitally opened, i.e., manually opened
without the use of auxiliary tools or the like. Included in such
expedients are container walls and end closures having weakening
lines or score lines defining tear strips or panels which can
either be depressed into or pried out of a container to form either
a vent or a pouring opening. Closures of this type are exemplarily
disclosed in a number of U.S. Pat. Nos. including Newman 1,805,003,
Fink 2,119,533, Punte 2,120,186, Fried 2,176,898, Punte 2,187,433,
Punte 2,289,452, Punte 2,312,358, Punte 2,312,359, Asbury
3,227,304, Asbury 3,246,791, Klein et al 3,334,775, Asbury
3,355,058, Geiger 3,362,569 and Foss et al 3,410,436. Such end
closures have sometimes required the use of rigid tools such as a
coin or fork, to rupture the score line around the removable panel
in order to form an opening in the end closure. U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,381,848, 3,404,801 and 3,422,983 disclose auxiliary score lines
for reducing the force required to initiate rupture of primary
score lines around tear strips in container walls.
It has been suggested as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Application Ser.
No. 357,937, filed May 7, 1973, entitled "Method of Forming and a
Construction for a Digitally Opening Container Closure" to form a
container end closure including a particularly contoured
fracturable web defining an inwardly displaceable opening panel
having an upper surface on the rim thereof intersecting the inner
marginal edge of the lip of an adjacent particularly contoured
deflectable portion in a first exposed corner and with the
undersurface of the lip disposed in substantial alignment with the
upper surface of the panel rim and intersecting the outer marginal
edge of the rim in a second corner. The deflectable portion is
integral with the container wall, projects outwardly from the plane
of the container wall adjacent the fracturable web and is adapted
to effect, in response to digitally applied inwardly directed
pressure thereon, relative displacement of the lip and rim to
strain the web and initiate fracture thereof. When such a container
closure is sealed on a can of beer or soda under pressure, the
pressure in the container causes the closure to dome slightly
outward, and the internal pressure resists downward displacement of
the deflectable portion in the closures which is desired to
initiate fracture of the web around the opening panel. In some
containers, the pressure can produce a magnitude of resistance
against inward displacement of the deflectable portion of the
closure that initiation of fracture of the web can be difficult for
the consumer.
An easy opening container component with inwardly displaceable
opening panels is desired which can be digitally opened with a
minimum of force even when the container on which the component is
sealed contains internal pressure in the range of 60 to 90 or more
pounds per square inch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention may be briefly described as including, in its broad
aspects, the provision of an improved construction for a digitally
openable container end closure. In such broad aspects, it includes
a container wall having a particularly contoured fracturable web
defining an inwardly displaceable opening panel in the wall
adjacent its peripheral edge and at least one weakening line in the
wall extending across a portion thereof between the opening panel
and a central portion of the wall. The container wall also includes
an integral outwardly projecting deflectable portion adjacent the
fracturable web. The deflectable portion is adapted to be displaced
inwardly to strain the fracturable web and initiate fracture
thereof in response to digitally applied inwardly directed
pressure.
Among the advantages of the subject invention is the provision of a
metal container closure construction that exceeds the stringent
present day interrelated economic and performance criteria and
which also satisfies ecology-based governmental regulations. More
specific advantages include the provision of a highly reliable end
closure of reduced metal content that can be fabricated with a
minimum number of fabricating steps at high production rates with
simple tooling. Further advantages include the provision of an end
closure that can be opened by application of modest amounts of
digitally applied pressure without the use of auxiliary tools.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a tabless
easy opening container wall which can be opened digitally.
Another object of this invention is to provide a container wall
with a fracturable web in it defining an inwardly displaceable
opening panel, an adjacent deflectable portion for straining the
fracturable web to facilitate initiation of rupture thereof, and
weakening lines in the wall for minimizing the force required to
displace the deflectable portion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other objects of this invention will be more fully
understood and appreciated with reference to the following
description and the drawings appended hereto wherein:
FIG. 1 is an enlarged top plan view of a can end of the
invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial cross section through the can end of
FIG. 1 taken along line 2--2, with the can end double seamed on a
container body.
FIG. 3 is a further enlarged cross section of a portion of the
opening panel, fracturable web and deflectable portion of the can
end illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a cross section similar to FIG. 2 and further
illustrating initiation of opening of the inwardly displaceable
opening panel.
FIGS. 5 and 6 are cross sections through dies for forming a
fracturable web and deflectable portion around an opening panel in
a container wall.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a container wall or can end 10 is
shown which includes a substantially planar central panel 12, a
peripheral groove 14 around the panel, and an upstanding chuck wall
16 outwardly of the groove, and a flange 18 extending outwardly
from the top of the chuck wall. Such general construction of a
peripherally chimed can end is typical of can ends which are
adapted to be sealed on container bodies by conventional double
seaming operations. FIG. 2 shows the flange 18 double seamed onto
container body 20.
In order to facilitate understanding of the subject invention and
in the interest of clarity, the terms "inwardly" and "outwardly"
will be herein employed to delineate directions relatively to the
interior and exterior respectively of a cylindrical container
having the end closure of interest mounted on the end thereof.
Can end 10 includes at least one, and preferably two, inwardly
displaceable substantially rigid opening panels 22 of equal size
defined by fracturable webs 24 in planar wall 12. The opening
panels 22 are designed to be opened by displacing them into a
container on which can end 10 is sealed to form a pouring opening
and/or vent in the can end. Opening panels 22 are circular and are
contoured to include an inwardly domed center portion 26 bounded by
a rim 28 peripherally terminating in fracturable web 24. The web 24
interconnects the rim 28 of the opening panel 22 with a lip 30 of
an integral outwardly projecting deflectable portion 32 of
generally frusto-conical configuration surrounding the opening
panel in the adjacent portion of the container wall. As best seen
in FIG. 3, rim 28 has a substantially planar upper surface 34 which
terminally intersects an angularly inclined surface 36 defining the
inner marginal edge of lip 30 of deflectable portion 32 in an
exposed corner 38. Lip 30 has a substantially planar undersurface
40 which is disposed in substantially coplanar relation with the
upper surface 34 of rim 28 and which terminally intersects an
angularly inclined surface 42 defining the outer marginal edge of
rim 28 of panel 22 in a second corner 44. The corners 38 and 44 are
disposed in predetermined laterally spaced relation and define
therebetween the lateral extent of fracturable web 24.
Deflectable portion 32 in container end 10 is adapted to effect, in
response to inwardly directed digitally applied pressure, a
relative displacement of lip 30 with respect to rim 28 to strain
web 24 and initiate fracture thereof to permit inward displacement
of a separated opening panel of greater rim size than the size of
the opening which is formed in the end. Such inwardly directed
digital pressure is best applied against the ends 10 adjacent web
24 and preferably against the raised lip 30 of the deflectable
portion 32 as is illustrated in FIG. 4. Such inward pressure
against the deflectable portion 32 moves the lip 30 relative to the
rim 28 of the opening panel 22 to strain the web 24 and initiate
fracture thereof. As pointed out above, the opening panel 22 is
preferably of relatively rigid character to resist bending thereof
and thereby insure that the displacement of deflectable portion 32
will create sufficient relative displacement of the lip 30 thereof
with respect to the rim 28 of the opening panel to initiate web
fracture.
In the embodiment selected for illustration (FIG. 1), each
fracturable web 24 has generally C-shaped outline with a bridge of
metal between the ends of the web defining a hinge 46 which
prevents complete separation of the opening panel 22 from the
container end 10. The location of the hinge 46 is not important.
For example, the hinges 46 may alternatively be provided adjacent
the radially outermost extent of each web 24 in the container wall
10.
As is disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No.
318,476, filed Dec. 26, 1972, entitled "Tabless Container Opening
Device and Method and Tools for Forming the Same," container end 10
may also include a narrow zone of coined metal 48 extending
generally parallel to each fracturable web 24 adjacent each opening
panel 22. Coined zones 48 are preferably spaced from the
fracturable web 24 a distance approximately one to 3 times the
thickness of the metal in the container wall 10 and are located
near the top of deflectable portion 32 around each opening panel
22.
In accordance with this invention, means is provided in the can end
10 for facilitating displacement of deflectable portion 32 to
initiate rupture of the fracture web 24 around each opening panel
22. In a preferred embodiment, such means comprises score lines 50
adjacent each of the opening panels 22. Each score line 50 extends
from a point adjacent the peripheral edge of wall 12 generally
toward the central portion of the wall and preferably tangent to
coined zone 48 around each opening panel 22. Score lines 50 form a
line of weakening extending across the wall 12 between the opening
panel 22 and the central portion of the wall 12 so that deflectable
portion 32 may be more easily displaced inwardly as is illustrated
in FIG. 4.
Internal pressure is container 20 acts against the interior surface
of can end 10 to resist inward displacement of the deflectable
portion 32 and, in the absence of weakening lines 50, can cause
undue difficulty in initiating fracture of web 24 around the
opening panel 22. It has been found that providing weakening lines
such as score lines 50 in the can end 10 greatly reduces the amount
of force required to displace deflectable portion 32 inwardly. It
is believed that this reduction in the required opening force
results from inward displacement of a smaller area of an end
closure having score lines 50 therein than in an end closure not
having such weakening lines. Reducing the area which is displaced
inwardly reduces the internal force against such area produced by
the pressure in the container. This means that the digitally
applied force required to deflect such area to initiate fracture of
web 24 is resisted by and overcomes a smaller internal force and
opening is therefore easier for an end closure including weakening
lines 50 than for one not including such weakening lines.
Score lines 50 have been found to reduce the opening force by
approximately 30 percent as compared to similar can ends which
include no such weakening lines. In one test, can ends with
weakening lines 50 in them which were sealed on containers having
approximately 80 pounds per square inch internal pressure, required
approximately 11.5 pounds of force to initiate fracture of the web
around an opening panel, whereas similar can ends without such
weakening lines required approximately 15 pounds of force to
initiate fracture of the web. In another test, the force required
to initiate fracture of the fracturable web averaged approximately
7.5 pounds for pressurized cans with ends having weakening lines 50
in them and approximately 12.5 pounds for pressurized cans not
having such weakening lines in them.
The exact location of weakening lines 50 is not critical to this
invention. It is believed that the weakening lines should generally
follow a line along which the panel 12 will normally bend when
force is applied against deflectable portion 32 at the location of
either of the X's in FIG. 1. The letter "X" may be stenciled on the
can end 10 to show the consumer where pressure is most
advantageously applied against the end.
The weakening lines may comprise a line of reduced metal thickness
as in a coined zone or score line, but may also comprise a groove
or other weakening of the metal of container wall. Score lines
having a depth in a range of 0.002 inch to 0.006 inch, and
preferably a depth of 0.0025 inch and a residual of 0.0105 inch in
a can end having a nominal thickness of 0.013 inch will provide the
desired degree of weakening in the wall. If the residual metal in
the line of weakening is too thin, the container end may be
weakened to such an extent that it will be vulnerable to outward
doming or buckling when the container end is sealed on a container
with internal pressures of approximately 60 to 90 or more pounds
per square inch as is common to containers of beer and carbonated
beverages.
The length of each weakening line 50 is also not believed to be
critical to this invention as they may have any length which will
provide the necessary flexibility in the panel to facilitate inward
displacement of deflectable portion 32. The weakening lines 50 may
also be formed in either the exterior or interior surface of the
can end 10. A plurality of weakening lines disposed substantially
parallel to weakening lines 50 may also be beneficial to reducing
the amount of force required to displace deflectable portion 32
inwardly on a container. In the embodiment selected for purposes of
illustration, two score lines 50 are provided adjacent opening
panel 22 with the score lines 50 forming an obtuse angle of
approximately 120.degree. open toward the adjacent panel 22,
although departure therefrom can be tolerated. The score lines 50
could also be joined to form a continuous line across the container
wall.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate exemplary tools and a preferred method for
forming the particularly contoured fracturable web and deflectable
portion in a can end. The fracturable web and deflectable portion
may be formed either at the same time the can end is blanked and
drawn from a sheet of metal or may be formed in the can end
subsequent to such blank and draw operation. The weakening lines of
this invention, such as weakening lines 50 illustrated in FIG. 1,
and any stenciling are preferably formed in the sheet metal prior
to forming of the fracturable web and deflectable portion. The
weakening lines such as score lines 50 may be formed by
conventional scoring tools which need not be illustrated and
described in this application because such tools are within the
knowledge of those skilled in the art of making easy opening
devices.
The exemplary tools illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 comprise a
vertically movable annular top die 52 and an annular bottom die 54
between which a metal sheet or a container wall 56 is positioned to
have a fracturable web and deflectable portion formed therein to
define an opening panel. The tools further include an auxiliary
vertically movable outer annular doming and coining tool 58 for
coining the container wall adjacent the fracturable web and
controlling the direction in which a deflectable portion is formed
in the container wall. Although die 58 is illustrated as being
separate from die 52, the two dies may be an integral unit.
The important surfaces on top die 52 comprise a first substantially
planar horizontal bottom face or base surface 60, and a second and
angularly disposed substantially planar metal extruding surface 62
which preferably extends outwardly from the first base surface 60
at approximately a 45.degree. angle, although limited angular
departure therefrom may apparently be tolerated. The first base
surface 60 and the second metal extruding surface 62 of the top die
52 meet at a relatively sharp corner 64 so that a similar sharp
corner will be formed in the container wall. The bottom die 54 has
a first substantially planar base surface 66, a downwardly inclined
outer face 68 to permit the formation of a deflectable portion
adjacent the opening panel and a second and angularly disposed
substantially planar metal extruding surface 70 extending
downwardly from the first base surface 66 at approximately a
45.degree. angle. The base surface 66 and metal extruding surface
70 preferably meet at a relatively sharp corner 72 as do the die
surfaces in the top die. Metal extruding surfaces 62 and 70 on top
and bottom dies 52 and 54 are preferably substantially parallel,
although limited departure therefrom can apparently be
tolerated.
Doming and coining tool 58 has a coining bead or rib 74 for coining
the container wall adjacent the fracturable web which is formed by
the dies. The coining rib 74 may be arcuate in cross section as is
illustrated or may have other configurations which will squeeze
metal against the bottom die 54. Coining metal between the coining
rib 74 and surface 68 on the bottom die 54 causes metal to flow
laterally from between the rib and die surface and is believed to
in some way control the stresses which are produced in the
container wall in forming a fracturable web therein. Auxiliary die
58 also has a base surface 80 thereon for shaping or controlling
the formation of a deflectable portion in a container wall.
In forming a fracturable and deflectable portion in a container
wall, the container wall is positioned between the dies 52, 54 and
58, and the dies are closed to form the sheet metal therebetween.
Faces 60 and 66 on die 52 and 54 respectively displace or move
metal in the sheet at substantially right angles to the original
undisplaced surface of the sheet to form the fracturable web. Metal
is extruded from between the angularly offset metal extruding
surfaces 62 and 70 on the dies to cause lateral metal flow or
extrusion of metal away from the fracturable web while metal is
being displaced at substantially right angles. The described lineal
displacement of the top die members 52 and 58 toward the lower die
member 54 continues until the first base surface 60 on die 52 is
disposed substantially coplanar with the first base surface 66 on
the lower die member 58. Lateral metal flow away from the
fracturable web 76 that is formed produces an increased surface
area of metal in the container wall for forming the deflectable
portion 78 in the metal container wall 56 adjacent the web
fracturable 76 (FIG. 6). In forming the deflectable portion 78, the
auxiliary die means 58 is lineally displaced to selectively move
the base surface 80 thereof into predetermined longitudinally
offset relations with respect to the first base surface 66 of the
lower die member 54 in the direction of die displacement to form
the deflectable portion 78 therebetween.
The lateral spacing between the corners 64 and 72 of dies 52 and 54
defines the lateral extent of the fracturable web 76 which is
formed in the container wall 56. Such lateral spacing may be in the
range of approximately one-sixteenth to one-fourth of the nominal
metal thickness in the container wall.
The coining rib 74 on the auxiliary die member coins the metal
adjacent the fracturable web and forms a zone of coining along the
fracturable web 76. Coining the metal in the coined zone may reduce
its thickness by a few thousandths of an inch.
The domed shape of opening panel 84 is formed as a result the
lateral extrusion of metal from between die surfaces 62 and 70
which increases the surface area of metal in the container wall. In
the dies selected for illustration, the downward travel of die
member 52 causes the opening panel 84 to be downwardly convex in
the container wall.
This invention is particularly well suited for use with container
walls made of work hardened aluminum base alloy sheet material in
the thickness range of 0.010 inch to 0.015 inch and which is at
least quarter hard, and preferably at least three-quarter hard
temper as may be produced from extra hard temper alloy which has
been partially annealed as a result of heating it to cure a
protective coating thereon. Such metal has a relatively high
tensile strength which resists bending or deformation thereof. It
is believed that such work hardened alloy sheet material is
particularly well suited to the practice of the invention because
material of the specified hardness is required to insure conversion
of the inwardly directed digitally applied pressures into
selectively directed displacement of the lip of the deflectable
portion relative to the rim of the relatively rigid opening panel
to initiate fracture of the web. However, the strength of the
material in combination with internal pressure in a container can
produce substantial resistance against inward displacement of the
deflectable portion in a container wall. The weakening lines of
this invention neutralize or counteract such resistance and
facilitate inward displacement of the deflectable portion of a
container wall by bending of the container wall along such
weakening lines.
Although a preferred embodiment of a container wall has been
selected for illustration and description, it will be apparent to
those skilled in the art that numerous variations could be made
therein without departing from the invention.
* * * * *