U.S. patent number 3,911,923 [Application Number 05/459,414] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-14 for occlusion ring and method and device for its application.
Invention is credited to In Bae Yoon.
United States Patent |
3,911,923 |
Yoon |
October 14, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Occlusion ring and method and device for its application
Abstract
A ring applicator device for use in applying an elastic
occluding ring to an anatomical tubular structure which comprises
an inner cylinder slidably disposed within an outer cylinder,
forceps means slidably disposed within said inner cylinder, means
for moving said forceps means into and out of the inner cylinder
and means for ejecting an elastic ring from the end of said inner
cylinder by axially displacing said outer and inner cylinders
relative to each other.
Inventors: |
Yoon; In Bae (Timonium,
MD) |
Family
ID: |
27010205 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/459,414 |
Filed: |
April 9, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
606/141;
128/831 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
17/42 (20130101); A61F 6/208 (20130101); A61F
6/202 (20130101); A61B 17/12013 (20130101); A61B
17/30 (20130101); A61B 2017/12018 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
17/12 (20060101); A61B 17/42 (20060101); A61F
6/00 (20060101); A61F 6/20 (20060101); A61B
17/30 (20060101); A61N 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/321,322,33A,326,325 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trapp; Lawrence W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stewart and Kolasch, Ltd.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A ring applicator device for use in applying an elastic
occluding ring to an anatomical tubular structure which comprises
an inner cylinder slidable disposed within an outer cylinder,
forceps means slidably disposed within said inner cylinder, said
forceps means being spring loaded so that they spring open when
they are displaced from the end of the inner cylinder, means for
moving said forceps means into and out of the inner cylinder and
means for ejecting an elastic ring from the end of said inner
cylinder by axially displacing said outer and inner cylinders
relative to each other.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner cylinder is associated
with a spring means such that in the loaded state the front end
portion of the inner cylinder extends beyond the front end portion
of the outer cylinder.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein means are provided for locking
and unlocking the inner cylinder relative to the outer
cylinder.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the forceps means are slidably
disposed within the inner cylinder.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein handle means are attached to the
opposite end portion of the forceps means, said handle means being
adapted to slide a fixed distance in the axial direction of the
ring applicator to expose the forceps means from the end of the
inner cylinder and retract said forceps means into the inner
cylinder.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein an optical viewing means and an
illuminating means are combined with the ring applicator.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the optical viewing means and
illuminating means is a laparoscope.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein a culdoscope is combined with the
ring applicator, said culdoscope and ring applicator being in
justaposition with respect to each other.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical viewing means and
illuminating means are recessed from the end portion of the inner
cylinder so that the physician has full vision of said end portion
and the extension and retraction of the forceps means
therefrom.
10. A ring applicator device for use in applying an elastic
occluding ring to an anatomical tubular structure which comprises
an outer cylinder having a cut-away front portion and slidably
disposed about an inner cylinder, said inner cylinder housing
optical viewing means, illuminating means and a hollow cylinder,
said hollow cylinder extending a distance in front of the optical
viewing means and illuminating means and housing forceps means
slidably disposed therein, said cut-away portion of the outer
cylinder terminating in a ring pusher which is coaxially disposed
about said hollow cylinder and slidably disposed with respect
thereto, means for moving said forceps means into and out of the
hollow cylinder, and means for removing an elastic ring from the
end of the hollow cylinder by axially displacing said outer and
hollow cylinders relative to each other.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein handle means are attached to
the opposite end portion of the forceps means, said handle means
being adapted to slide a fixed distance in the axial direction of
the ring applicator to expose the forceps means from the end of the
hollow cylinder and retract said forceps means into the hollow
cylinder.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the opposite, rear end portions
of the optical viewing means is off-set with respect to the ring
applicator.
13. The device of claim 10, wherein the outer and inner cylinders
are provided with a spring locking device.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein the spring locking device is
provided with a screw lock.
15. The device of claim 13, wherein the spring locking device is
provided with a trigger means.
16. The ring applicator device of claim 1, wherein in the loaded
state, the front end of the inner cylinder protrudes beyond the
outer cylinder.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an occlusion ring and the method
and device for applying said ring to an anatomical tubular
structure. More particularly, the present invention is directed to
a ring applicator device, combinations of said device with other
instruments and a technique and method for carrying out tubal
ligation of the human female in order to effect permanent or
temporary sterilization. The device of the present invention can
also be effectively used to sterilize the human male.
In many areas of the world, the question of population control has
become a central issue. Since birth control devices are not always
used faithfully or fail to work in some instances, various
procedures have been proposed for effecting the sterilization of
women as well as men. However, many of these techniques are
unpopular because of the resulting complications, the high expense
and because of the general unacceptability among the populace of
effecting a sterilization which is permanent and cannot be
reversed. Nevertheless, sterilization is obviously an effective
means for solving various problems of population explosion and of
voluntarily limiting the size of the family where desired on the
part of the parent. Accordingly, research into finding various
techniques and instruments has continued both under private and
government support.
Tubal ligation has commonly been used to effect sterilization in
women. The common practice is to cut and tie the Fallopian tubes in
order to prevent fertilization of the egg. More recently, the use
of clips for closing the tubes has been suggested. Another recent
procedure involves cauterization of the tubes by electrical means.
However, each of these procedures involves much discomfort to the
patient and highly skilled personnel to successfully complete the
operation. Also, in the procedure requiring the use of clips, in
some instances the clips have fallen off thereby rendering the
sterilization ineffective. With respect to cauterization by means
of electricity, there remains the ever present dangers of
inadvertently burning certain organs of the body and, for example,
accidentally rupturing the bowel.
In copending application Ser. No. 383,475, filed July 30, 1973, the
applicant discloses a simplified instrument and technique for
applying an elastic ring to an anatomical tubular structure, e.g.,
the Fallopian tube, thereby effecting permanent or temporary
sterilization of the human female. In said copending application,
the ligature is performed in conjunction with a laparoscope which
is an instrument well known in the mechanical field for viewing the
internal portions of the body. The ligation device of said
copending application is a ring applicator which is used to quickly
and effectively slip a small elastic or rubbery ring or band around
the Fallopian tubes of the female in order to permanently or
temporarily block said tubes. As thoroughly disclosed in said
copending application, the sterilizing device or instrument
includes a grasping means which is used to pull a portion of the
Fallopian tube of the female into the device and slidable or
rotatable tubular means for slipping or pushing the elastic or
stretchable ring over the bent portion of the Fallopian tube held
in the device, thereby effecting the ligature. In operation, the
entire device is inserted through the abdominal wall or through the
vaginal cavity, the grasping means is pushed forward to engage a
segment of the Fallopian tube, the grasping means is then retracted
into the inner tube of the applicator device, and finally, the
device is manipulated so as to release the elastic ring from the
end of the applicator, thereby placing it around the segment of the
Fallopian tube contained in the inner tube of the applicator
device. The Fallopian tube which is now held in a crimped or bent
position by the elastic ring can then be released from the
applicator device.
In one of the embodiments of the device set forth in the
applicant's copending application, a laparoscope was physically
combined with the applicator device to, in effect, produce a single
instrument requiring only a single incision to be made in the
patient. This is to be compared with one of the prior art
techniques wherein the sterilizing device and the laparoscope were
used as two separate instruments requiring two separate incisions
to be made in the patient. In the applicant's copending application
wherein the laparoscope is physically combined with the applicator
device, the location of the laparoscope relative to the grasping
means made it difficult, in some instances, to see the elastic ring
and the Fallopian tube at all times, particularly before the
application of the elastic ring onto the Fallopian tube and also it
was difficult to verify whether or not the elastic ring had been
effectively applied. Thus, in said copending application, once the
Fallopian tube had been grasped by the grasping means (forceps
means) and pulled into the inner tube for the application of the
elastic ring, the physician conducting the operation lost his view
of the subsequent steps of the operation, that is, the application
of the elastic ring to the Fallopian tube and the determination of
whether or not the elastic ring had been correctly applied.
Furthermore, because of the arrangement of the sliding ring handle
means, that is, the variable distance the grasping means could be
extended and retracted, by operating the sliding ring handle a
considerable amount of expertise was required for the physician
utilizing the device to determine whether or not the Fallopian tube
was in a proper position inside the inner tube of the device for
the successful application of the elastic ring. Thus, for example,
if the Fallopian tube was somewhat larger than normal, the
resistance felt by the physician by attempting to pull the
Fallopian tube into the inner tube of the device for the
application of the elastic ring might mislead the physician into
prematurely applying the elastic band. This situation is further
complicated by the location of the laparoscope with respect to the
ring applicator, that is, in a position where it is not possible to
completely view all stages of the sterilization procedure.
Furthermore, although the combination of the laparoscope with the
ring applicator device has been found to be particularly effective
for the sterilization of humans using the single incision method,
because of the location of the laparoscope relative to the sliding
ring handle means for operating the grasping means, there exists
the possibility that the hand of the physician may become
contaminated by inadvertently touching himself in the facial
area.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a
simplified instrument and method for applying an occlusion ring to
an anatomical tubular structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a simplified
instrument and method for effecting permanent or temporary
sterilization of the human female.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a novel
technique and instrument for accomplishing tubal ligation which may
be employed by physicians with many degrees of skill and without
the need for expensive or bulky equipment.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a
portable instrument for mechanically effecting tubal ligation
wherein a sliding ring handle which is operatively connected to a
grasping means is so disposed as to indicate to the physician the
precise time when the elastic ring should be applied to the crimped
Fallopian tube.
An additional further object of the present invention is to provide
an applicator device which is physically combined with a
laparoscope system in such a way as to enable the physician
operating the device to view the entire ligation operation.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a
laparoscope which is combined with a ring applicator device in such
a manner as to substantially eliminate the contamination of the
instrument or the physicians hand.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
instrument which can also be used for the sterilization of the
human male.
Other objects and further scope of applicability of the present
invention will become apparent from the detailed description given
hereinafter; it should be understood, however, that the detailed
description and specific examples, while indicating preferred
embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration
only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and
scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the
art from this detailed description.
Pursuant to the present invention, the above-mentioned
disadvantages may be eliminated and an improved ligature method and
ring applicator device as well as a combination of said device with
a laparoscopic system may be obtained by following the teachings of
the ring applicator device of the present invention, keeping in
mind the disclosure of the applicant's copending application Ser.
No. 383,475, filed July 30, 1973, the subject matter of which is
hereby incorporated by reference.
In accordance with the present invention, the sterilization of the
human female or human male may be attained by the use of elastic
rings for effecting the ligature of the Fallopian tubes.
Advantageously, the ligature is performed in conjunction with a
laparoscope which is an instrument well known in the medical field
for viewing the internal portions of the body. The instrument of
the present invention is a ring applicator which is used to quickly
and effectively slip a small elastic or rubbery ring around the
Fallopian tubes of the female in order to permanently or
temporarily block the same. Basically, the instrument of the
present invention, shown in detail in the attached drawings,
includes a grasping means which is used to pull a portion of the
Fallopian tube of the female into the device and slidable or
rotatable tubular means for slipping or pushing the elastic or
stretchable ring over the portion of the Fallopian tube held in the
device, thereby effecting the ligature. In operation, the entire
device is inserted through the abdominal wall or by means of the
vaginal route, the grasping means is pushed forward to engage a
segment of the Fallopian tube, the grasping means is then retracted
into the inner tube of the applicator device, and finally the
device is manipulated so as to release the elastic ring from the
end of the applicator and place it around the segment of the
Fallopian tube contained therein. Thereafter, the loop held by the
elastic ring can be cut by the grasping means for permanent
sterilization, if desired, or the loop can be left as is with the
elastic ring holding the Fallopian tube in a crimped position
thereby permanently or temporarily effecting sterilization.
Temporary sterilization is contemplated by cutting the elastic band
in a subsequent operative procedure.
When the applicator device is used in conjunction with a
laparoscope, a very small incision may be made when using either
the abdominal or vaginal approach because the light associated with
the laparoscope facilitates the location of the Fallopian tubes.
However, when the ring applicator device is used without the aid of
a laparoscope, a slightly larger incision is required in order for
the physician to locate the Fallopian tubes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more fully understood from the
detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying
drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are
not limitative of the present invention and wherein,
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the ring applicator device of the
present invention in combination with a laparoscope;
FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show the loading device which can be inserted
into the front end of the ring applicator device for loading the
elastic rings onto the end of said ring applicator device;
FIG. 3 shows, in greater detail, the front end portion of the ring
applicator device and the positioning of the laparoscope relative
to the grasping means of the ring applicator device of the present
invention;
FIG. 4 shows the pusher device which is utilized to push the ring
from the loading device onto the end of the ring applicator
device;
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention wherein a
portion of the laparoscope is offset with respect to the ring
applicator device;
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention wherein a
trigger means is utilized for applying the elastic ring to the
Fallopian tube;
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention wherein an
improved ring applicator device is used not in combination with a
laparoscope;
FIG. 8 shows a top view of a lever and the guide slot used by said
lever in pushing the inside cylinder of the ring applicator of FIG.
7 to the forward position;
FIG. 9 shows the bottom view of the sliding handle ring which
slides back and forth in a slot to expel and retract the grasping
means;
FIGS. 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d show in sequential steps, the abdominal
method of performing the ligation of the Fallopian tube using the
ring applicator device of the present invention in combination with
the laparoscope wherein the device is inserted through the
abdominal wall by a single incision made in the navel area;
FIG. 11 shows the abdominal method using the two hole technique
wherein the culdoscope (light source) and the ring applicator are
inserted through the abdominal wall through two separate
incisions;
FIG. 12 shows the vaginal method of performing the ligation of the
Fallopian tube wherein the ring applicator device and the
culdoscope (light source) are used as two separate instruments;
and
FIG. 13 shows the vaginal method similar to FIG. 11 wherein the
laparoscope and ring applicator are combined into a single
instrument.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following description of the Figures, like elements are used
throughout the various views to indicate like parts. One embodiment
of the ring applicator of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
The device comprises an inner cylinder 2 disposed within an outer
cylinder 1 said inner cylinder being slidably engaged with said
outer cylinder. Thus, the outer cylinder 1 can be axially moved
relative to the inner cylinder 2. The outer cylinder is provided
with a ring pusher 4 which is in sliding relationship with hollow
cylinder 5. The inner cylinder 2 houses a laparoscope 6, a light
source 7, for example fiber optics, disposed on both sides of the
laparoscope and cylinder 5 which is adapted to house the grasping
means 8. In operation, the outer cylinder 1 is pushed in the
backward direction against the action of the spring 9 and locked in
the position shown in FIG. 1 by the screw lock 10. The ring
applicator device is now ready to be loaded with the elastic band
12. Referring now to FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c, the elastic ring is
inserted with the fingers onto the end of the loading device 13.
The loading device is then inserted into the end of cylinder 5 and
with the aid of the expandable pushing device 14, the ring 12 is
pushed along the surface of the loading device 13 until it is
loaded onto the outer surface of the cylinder 5. In this
connection, it should be noted that the pushing device 14 is
segmented and made of an expandable material, for example spring
metal or an expandable plastic material which is capable of
expanding as the ring is pushed along the ever increasing diameter
of the loading device 13. Once the ring 12 has been loaded on the
cylinder 5, the pusher device 14 is retracted and the loading
device 13 is removed from the end of cylinder 5.
The loaded ring applicator device is now inserted into a cannula
which had been previously inserted into the patient in a well known
manner. By looking through the eye piece 15 of the laparoscope 6
and through the use of the light source 7 introduced into the
applicator device the physician can readily see the pelvic cavity.
When the Fallopian tube is discovered by the physician, the
grasping forceps 8 are pushed forward utilizing the fixed ring 16
as leverage and pushing the slidable ring 18 forward until its
forward movement is limited by the end of the slot 2a. The grasping
forceps 8 now extend from the end of the cylinder 5. The forceps 8
are then used to grab the Fallopian tube and pull it inside of
cylinder 5. This is accomplished by pulling the sliding ring 18
rearward until it strikes the rear end of the slot 20. The
Fallopian tube is now in a proper crimped position within the
cylinder 5. Then the locking device 10 is unscrewed thereby
enabling the spring 9 to force the outer cylinder 1 in the forward
direction, the nose 4 of said outer cylinder pushing the elastic
band around the Fallopian tube inside of cylinder 5. Then the ring
18 is then pushed in the forward direction thereby expelling the
Fallopian tube crimped by the elastic ring from the end of the ring
applicator device. The above process is repeated in order to apply
the same technique to the second Fallopian tube in the same manner.
The ring applicator device can then be removed from the cannula and
after the cannula is removed from the patient the incision can be
closed in a well known manner.
FIG. 5 shows the embodiment of the present invention wherein the
laparoscope is offset from the device to permit freedom of movement
of the sliding ring 18 while at the same time avoiding possible
contamination by contact of the hand operating the sliding ring
with the face of the physician.
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention wherein
the movement of the outer cylinder 1 with respect to the inner
cylinder 2 can be accomplished by trigger action utilizing trigger
means 17. In this embodiment, while the trigger 17 is depressed,
the outside cylinder 1 is pushed in the rearward direction and then
the trigger is released locking the outside cylinder in said
position. Now the front end of the ring applicator device is ready
for loading. After the elastic ring has been loaded onto the front
end of the ring applicator device and the Fallopian tube has been
pulled into the cylinder 5, the elastic band can be applied to or
shot onto the crimped Fallopian tube by pulling the trigger 17. The
obvious advantages of the use of the trigger device reside in
simplifying the overall operation of the ring applicator for the
benefit of the physician. FIG. 6 also shows the use of a single
sliding ring means 16 wherein the distance the grasping means is
extended from or retracted into the ring applicator is variable
depending on the physician operating the device.
FIG. 7 shows one of the features of the present invention wherein
the ring applicator device is shown not in combination with a
laparoscope system. The use of the ring applicator device as shown
in FIG. 7 without the assistance of a laparoscope requires a
slightly larger incision so that the operating physician can locate
the Fallopian tubes without the aid of a light source. The ring
applicator device of FIG. 7 comprises an inner cylinder tube 2
coaxially and slidably disposed within an outer cylinder 1. The
outer cylinder 1 is provided with a handle means 22 to aid the
physician in stabilizing the instrument during the operative
procedure. The inner tube 2 is associated with a spring 9 such that
when the lever 19 is pushed in the forward direction along slot 20
and locked in section 21 of slot 20, the inner cylinder 2 is pushed
forward and extends beyond the front end of the outer cylinder 1 as
shown in FIG. 7. Now the front end of the ring applicator device
can be loaded with the elastic band 12 in the manner described
above. With the ring applicator in the loaded state it is inserted
into the patient through a cannula in a known manner and upon the
location of the Fallopian tube the ring 18 which is attached to
forceps 8 disposed inside of the cylinder 2 is pushed forward in
slot 20 until said forceps extend beyond the front portion of
cylinder 2. The extent to which the ring 8 is pushed in the forward
direction is limited by the length of the slot 20 shown in FIG. 9.
Upon grasping the Fallopian tube with the forceps 8, the ring 18 is
pulled in the reversed direction drawing the Fallopian tube in a
crimped position inside of cylinder 2. Because the ring 16 is
fixed, when the ring 18 is pulled into contact with ring 16, which
is also at the end of the slot 20, the physician knows that the
Fallopian tube has, in fact, been pulled into the inner cylinder 2.
This advantageous feature adds an element of control to the ring
applicator device in that the physician does not have to rely upon
his judgment to determine whether or not the Fallopian tube is in
the proper position for the application of the elastic band
thereto. Once the ring 18 is in contact with the ring 16, which
indicates that the Fallopian tube is in a proper position within
cylinder 2, the lever 19 which is locked in position 21 of the slot
20 is released enabling spring 9 which has been in an extended
position to pull the inner cylinder 2 in the rearward direction. In
so doing, the elastic band 12 disposed on the end of the inner
cylinder 2 is pushed from said tube onto the Fallopian tube by the
outer cylinder 1. Now the ring 18 is pushed in the forward
direction, thereby releasing the Fallopian tube containing the
elastic band securely attached thereto. Of course, the above
procedure is repeated with respect to the second Fallopian
tube.
It can be readily understood that the use of a fixed and sliding
ring in conjunction with the ring applicator device as shown in
FIG. 7 is the same as that utilized in FIGS. 1 and 6 of the present
application.
FIGS. 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d show, in sequence, the application of
an elastic ring to a Fallopian tube using the single incision
abdominal approach and utilizing the device shown in FIG. 1. In
said Figures, 23 is the uterus, 24 is the pelvic bone, 25 is a
round ligament, 26 is a fimbrea and 27 is the Fallopian tube. In
FIG. 10a, the Fallopian tube has been grasped by the grasping means
8. In FIG. 10b the Fallopian tube has been pulled inside of
cylinder 5. FIG. 10c shows the elastic ring in position on the
Fallopian tube and FIG. 10d shows the removal of the crimped
Fallopian tube from the end of the ring applicator device. Because
of the recessed position of the laparoscope, the physician can view
the entire operative procedure.
FIG. 11 shows the double incision abdominal approach wherein the
culdoscope and the ring applicator are inserted through separate
incisions made in the abdominal wall.
FIG. 12 shows the vaginal approach utilized in the present
invention wherein the ring applicator 34 which is used to grasp the
Fallopian tube 27 is not physically combined with the culdoscope 33
(light source). The retractor 36 and the forceps 35 are utilized to
assist the physician in performing the tubal ligation. In FIG. 12,
28 represents the spine of the patient, 29 is the rectum, 27 is the
Fallopian tube, 23 is the uterus and 30 is the bladder.
FIG. 13 is similar to FIG. 12 with the exception that the ring
applicator device is physically combined with the laparoscope as
shown in FIG. 1.
The sterilization operation utilizing the ring applicator device as
defined by the present invention renders sterilization so simple
that only about 5 to 10 minutes are required to perform the
operation and accordingly, an out-patient procedure may be employed
where permitted. This is particularly important in developing
countries where hospital facilities are not abundant and may not
even be available.
A particular advantage of the present invention is that the
blockage of the tubes can be made permanent or temporary, as
desired. This particular feature of the invention depends upon the
size and the elastic power of the rings employed. If the rings are
very small and have a strong elastic power, they will so tightly
grip the Fallopian tubes that the blood supply in this part of the
tube will be completely blocked, thereby resulting in a sluffing
off of the tubes to effect a permanent sterilization, analogous to
the well known method of cutting and tieing the Fallopian tubes.
However, if the elastic bands are of a larger size and have a
smaller elastic power, it is possible to effect a temporary or
reversible sterilization since, although the elastic band will
serve to prevent the ovum passage to the uterus, the holding power
thereof will not be so strong as to shut off the blood supply
through the tubes. Accordingly, if the woman should desire to
return to a normal situation at a later time, it would be possible
for the Fallopian tubes to be restored to their natural function.
Hence, the results of permanent or temporary sterilization are
dependent upon the size of the rings used and the elastic power
thereof.
The rings used for application to the Fallopian tubes are made of
government-approved, non-tissue reactive material which have a
strong enough elastic power to perform the function described
herein. Various rubbery materials may, of course, be used. The
preferred material is silicone rubber, for example, the material
commercially available under the name "Silastic". Colagen or any
other absorbable or nonabsorbable synthetic elastic material which
is not harmful to human tissue may be employed, for example, latex
rubber or Teflon (tetrafluoroethylene). As pointed out above, the
size of the rings may be varied wherein smaller rings are used for
permanent tubal ligation, and larger rings are used in connection
with effecting a temporary sterilization. Spring-like metal rings,
preferably made of stainless steel, can also be used, as discussed
above.
The device of the present invention can be made of
medically-approved materials, including many different types of
metals, preferably stainless steel, plastics and the like and,
hence, is relatively inexpensive because of its simple nature. It
can also be made as a disposable instrument, for example, from a
synthetic resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate,
polystyrene, polyamide, polyacetates, or acrylic resin. In this
embodiment, the wall of the ring applicator can itself act as a
laparoscope for transmitting the light from a light source to the
internal cavity, and a tube can be disposed around the inner tube
(which would have a needle-like point) to push an elastic ring over
the salpinx portion of the Fallopian tube when it is slid or
otherwise moved with respect to said inner tube. This embodiment of
the invention would be espcially attractive where inexpensive
instruments are a necessity. Moreover, the ring applicator device
of the present invention has a wide range of applicability since it
can be used in conjunction with the regular abdominal laparoscopic
technique, as discussed above, or in connection with the known
vaginal culdascopic procedure. The use of the device eliminates the
need for large, bulky equipment which is normally used with the
electrical procedures employed in the prior art as well as the
complicated carbon dioxide supply systems used with other
techniques. A very simple and relatively small carbon dioxide
supply system can be used together with the instrument, or a
squeeze bulb may even be used to provide the necessary gas and to
maintain the required gas pressure inside the abdominal cavity
while the operation is being performed. The elimination of
complicated electrical and gas supply systems makes it possible to
save time in setting up for the procedure. In addition, as pointed
out above, the operation may be carried out quite quickly in less
than ten minutes.
It is to be understood that various specific mechanical embodiments
may be employed to perform the various functions described herein.
Basically, the invention comprises an instrument for puncturing and
entering into the body cavity, grasping the Fallopian tubes,
slipping an elastic ring thereover, and optionally cutting the
tubes, if desired. The associated equipment represents technical
modifications and adds to this basic idea, and a particularly
preferred embodiment is the use of the ring applicator of the
invention together with the laparoscope or a similar viewing
instrument.
In an analogous manner, the method and device of the present
invention may be used to effect the sterilization of the human
male. In this case the appropriate incision is made and one or more
elastic rings are applied to the vas to effect the ligature thereof
and block the passage of the sperm. The elastic or stretchable
rings used in this connection must, of course, be small enough to
ligate the small diameter of the vas.
It is readily apparent that the device of the present invention can
be used to occlude any anatomical tubular structure for any
purpose.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the
same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be
regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention,
and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in
the art are intended to be included within the scope of the
following claims.
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