U.S. patent number 3,911,834 [Application Number 05/396,786] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-14 for pallet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Paper Company. Invention is credited to Benjamin W. Quaintance.
United States Patent |
3,911,834 |
Quaintance |
October 14, 1975 |
Pallet
Abstract
An improved four way entry pallet made of foldable material such
as corrugated paperboard and which provides a flat deck having an
area substantially equal to the size of the pallet.
Inventors: |
Quaintance; Benjamin W.
(Overland Park, KS) |
Assignee: |
International Paper Company
(New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23568599 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/396,786 |
Filed: |
September 13, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
108/51.3;
108/57.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
19/0016 (20130101); B65D 19/0026 (20130101); B65D
19/0095 (20130101); B65D 19/0081 (20130101); B65D
2519/00019 (20130101); B65D 2519/00293 (20130101); B65D
2519/00333 (20130101); B65D 2519/00273 (20130101); B65D
2519/00268 (20130101); B65D 2519/00278 (20130101); B65D
2519/00323 (20130101); B65D 2519/00054 (20130101); B65D
2519/00373 (20130101); B65D 2519/00288 (20130101); B65D
2519/00318 (20130101); B65D 2519/00557 (20130101); B65D
2519/00343 (20130101); B65D 2519/00562 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
19/00 (20060101); B65D 019/34 () |
Field of
Search: |
;108/51-58 ;206/386 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
313,777 |
|
Aug 1969 |
|
SW |
|
963,409 |
|
Jul 1964 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Frazier; Roy D.
Assistant Examiner: Lyddane; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Michaelson; Alfred L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A pallet which comprises:
a. a base constructed of corrugated sheet material which
comprises,
i. a flat deck, the flutes of said corrugated sheet material being
disposed transversely across said deck,
ii. a plurality of legs defining aligned, open, transverse channels
therebetween and disposed adjacent to opposed longitudinal sides of
said deck, each of said legs comprising an outer side wall foldably
connected to said deck, a bottom wall foldably connected to said
outer side wall, an inner side wall foldably connected to said
bottom wall and at least one end wall foldably connected to one of
said side walls, the corrugations in said side walls being
vertically disposed, and a retaining flap foldably connected to
said end wall and disposed within the leg associated therewith,
each of said end walls extending from one side wall to the opposite
side wall and each of said end walls and each of said retaining
flaps having a vertical height substantially equal to the vertical
height of said side walls and each of said retaining flaps being in
face abutting relation with respect to the adjacent side wall of
the leg associated therewith, and
b. at least one sheet of foldable material wrapped longitudinally
around said base and secured to the deck and bottom surface of said
base.
2. A pallet which comprises:
a. a pallet base constructed of corrugated sheet material
comprising,
i. a flat deck, the flutes of said corrugated sheet material being
disposed transversely across said deck,
ii. a plurality of side legs defining aligned, open, transverse
channels therebetween and disposed adjacent to opposed longitudinal
sides of said deck, each of said legs comprising an outer side wall
foldably connected to said deck, a bottom wall foldably connected
to said outer side wall, an inner side wall foldably connected to
said bottom wall and at least one end wall foldably connected to
one of said side walls, the corrugations in said side walls being
vertically disposed, and a retaining flap foldably connected to
said end wall and disposed within the leg associated therewith,
each of said end walls extending from one side wall to opposite
side wall and each of said end walls and each of said retaining
flaps having a vertical height substantially equal to the vertical
height of said side walls and each of said retaining flaps being in
face abutting relation with respect to the adjacent side wall of
the leg associated therewith,
iii. a plurality of longitudinally aligned legs disposed
intermediate said side legs, said longitudinally aligned legs
having channels therebetween which are substantially transversely
aligned with the channels between said side legs, said
longitudinally aligned legs being secured to said deck; and
b. at least one sheet of foldable material wrapped longitudinally,
substantially around said base and secured to the deck and bottom
surface of said base.
3. The pallet of claim 2 wherein each of said longitudinally
aligned legs comprises:
a. a bottom wall;
b. two side walls foldably connected to said bottom wall;
c. at least one end wall foldably connected to one of said side
walls; and
d. a pair of top flaps, each of said top flaps being foldably
connected to the side walls on a respective side of said
longitudinally aligned legs and disposed in face abutting relation
with respect to the bottom surface of said deck.
4. The pallet of claim 3 which further includes two extension
flaps, each of said extension flaps foldably connected to the inner
side walls of each of said side legs on a respective side of said
pallet and each of said extension flaps being secured to and in
face abutting relation with the bottom surface of said deck.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field to which the Invention Pertains
When boxes or containers are to be either stored or moved, it is
convenient to stack them upon a pallet so as to facilitate moving
the articles with a forklift truck. The use of pallets in the
storage or warehousing of cartons or containers is quite old. Until
recently, almost all pallets were made of wood. Although the use of
wood insures that the pallet will be able to resist the compressive
stresses to which it is subjected, the cost of using wood and the
labor involved in fabricating wooden pallets resulted in a
sufficiently high cost per pallet as to necessitate the reuse
thereof. Thus, if quantities of material were shipped upon pallets
made of wood, the recipient of the shipment would generally have to
return the pallets to the shipper or supplier. As a result, an
extra shipping charge was incurred when the pallets were
returned.
Recognizing the disadvantages which attended the use of wooden
pallets, prior art workers endeavored to construct pallets of other
material, for example foldable material such as corrugated
paperboard. The invention disclosed herein relates to an improved
pallet construction made of foldable sheet material such as
corrugated paperboard.
2. Prior Art
As previously indicated, prior art workers endeavored to avoid the
disadvantages associated with wooden pallets by attempting to
provide pallets of acceptable strength and which were manufactured
from foldable sheet material such as corrugated paperboard. The
general objective of such prior art constructions was to supply a
pallet which was constructed from a relatively inexpensive material
thus avoiding the requirement that the pallet be returned.
A number of early prior art pallet constructions which employ
foldable sheet material suffered from the disadvantage that the
tines of a forklift truck could not enter the pallet channels on
all of the four sides. Thus, care had to be exercised when pallet
loads were stacked in order to insure that an entry to the pallet
remained accessible. In time, prior art workers developed pallets
made of foldable sheet material such as corrugated paperboard and
which provided entry from any of the four sides of the pallet. In
the art, such pallets are referred to as four way entry
pallets.
Although the prior art reflects a degree of success in providing a
four way entry pallet made of foldable sheet material such as
corrugated paperboard, such success has been achieved at the cost
of compromising other design criteria. For example, a number of
prior art, four way entry, corrugated paperboard pallets are
constructed from exceedingly complex blanks which are difficult to
manufacture and assemble. Additionally, in many prior art
constructions the four way entry feature has been achieved at the
cost of using material which would normally form part of the top
deck or upper surface of the pallet. Thus, such pallets do not
provide a top surface or deck which has an area substantially equal
to the overall area of the pallet. As a result, pallets of this
type may be difficult to use if the articles stacked thereupon are
small. For example, if one attempts to stack articles upon a
corrugated pallet having apertures or depressions in the top deck,
the articles may fall into the depressions thus disturbing the
symmetry of the stacked configuration. To avoid such an undesirable
result, prior art pallet constructions wherein the deck was not
flat required the use of a separate sheet of foldable material such
as corrugated paperboard in order to overlay the non-flat deck of
the pallet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention comprises a two or four way entry pallet
constructed of foldable material such as corrugated paperboard and
includes a base having a top deck and a number of side legs which
define channels therebetween. Each of the legs is comprised of
foldably connected side, bottom and end walls. Additionally, one of
the side walls of each of the side legs is foldably connected to
the top deck. The inner side walls of each of the legs is foldably
connected to a respective extension flap which extends inwardly and
is secured to the lower surface of the top deck.
At least one sheet of foldable material such as corrugated
paperboard is longitudinally wrapped about the base and is secured
to the top surface of the deck and the bottom surface of the legs.
The sheet of foldable material includes at least one vertical end
panel which may be provided with at least one aperture that is
spaced between the side legs.
The preferred embodiment of the invention includes a base having a
plurality of longitudinally aligned legs intermediate the side
legs.
Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a blank from which may be formed
one embodiment of the instant invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the blank of FIG. 1 in a
folded condition.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the blank of FIG. 1 in a
folded and erected position.
FIG. 4 is another perspective view of the pallet base of FIG.
3.
FIGS. 5 and 10 are each a perspective view of a sheet of corrugated
paperboard which forms a component of the instant invention.
FIGS. 6 and 11 are each a perspective view of a corrugated pallet
embodying my invention.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a blank which may be used to form a
component of one embodiment of my invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view suggesting the assembly of a base for
use in another embodiment of my invention.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the base portion which results
from the assembly suggested in FIG. 8.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another form of a base portion for
another embodiment of my invention.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of two sheets of corrugated
paperboard or other foldable material which form a component of
another embodiment of my invention.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a pallet resulting from combining
the components shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown in perspective view a blank 25
of foldable sheet material which, for purposes of description, will
be assumed to be a blank of corrugated paperboard. Preferably, the
flutes of the corrugated medium are disposed parallel to the arrow
60, i.e., the flutes of the corrugated medium are transversely
disposed such that the flutes are exposed at the side edges 61, 62
of the blank 25.
As may be noted, the blank 25 of FIG. 1 has been symmetrically cut
and scored so that it will be necessary to describe only the
components of one half of the blank. Thus, considering the right
hand half of the blank 25 shown in FIG. 1, there is provided an
extension flap 11 which is foldably connected to inner side wall
forming panels 12. A bottom wall forming panel 13 is foldably
connected to the side wall forming panels 12 and is also foldably
connected to outer side wall forming panels 14 which are in turn
foldably connected to the deck panel 15. Foldably connected to the
inner side wall forming panels 12 are end wall forming panels 17.
Similarly, end wall forming panels 18 are foldably connected to the
outer side wall forming panels 14. Foldably connected to each of
the end wall forming panels 17 and 18 is a retaining flap 19.
As an initial step in the formation of a pallet from the blank of
FIG. 1, the wall forming panels 11, 12 and 13 are bent about the
score line 43 so as to position the extension flaps 11 in face
abutting relation with the deck panel 15. Thereupon, the extension
flaps 11 are adhesively secured to the deck panel 15. To facilitate
this erection step, the extension flaps 11 and portions of the deck
panel 15 may be provided with a contact type cement as suggested by
the shading lines in FIG. 1. Alternatively, other types of adhesive
may be used, e.g., hot melt adhesive. After complettion of this
step, a configuration of the type shown in FIG. 2 is obtained. To
erect the configuration of FIG. 2 into a pallet base, the inner
side wall forming panels 12 are bent upwardly to a vertical
position so as to secure the configuration shown in FIG. 3.
Thereupon, as suggested by the arrows shown in FIG. 3 and end wall
forming panels 17 and 18 are bent upwardly about their respective
score lines and the retaining flaps associated with each of the end
wall panels is bent so as to be disposed within the leg associated
therewith. Generally, it is preferred to position each of the
retaining flaps in face-abutting relation to the adjacent side
wall. However, as shown at 42, the side wall forming flaps may be
bent inwardly beyond a right angle position with respect to the
side wall to which they are attached and, in that event, the
associated retaining flap may be folded into interfering engagement
with the other side wall.
Thereafter, the configuration of FIG. 3 is rotated 180.degree. so
as to appear as shown in FIG. 4. Thus, it will be seen that there
is provided a base 40 which has a flat deck 15 and a plurality of
legs disposed along the side edges thereof and wherein each of the
legs is comprised of side walls 12, 14, bottom wall 13 and at least
one end wall, 17 or 18. Moreover, it will be seen that each of the
legs defines a channel therebetween, for example the channels 38 or
the channel 39 whereby a four way entry to the pallet is available.
Preferably, as shown in FIG. 4, the lower part of each of the
channels 38 is bridged by an extension of the bottom walls of the
adjacent side legs, i.e., the bottom walls of all the legs on a
respective side of the base are integral.
Shown in FIG. 5 is a partially folded blank 43 of foldable material
which preferably is corrugated paperboard and preferably has
longitudinally disposed corrugations as suggested by the arrows and
legend "corr." The blank 43 is transversely scored to define a
bottom panel 44, end panels 45, 46 and top flaps 47, 48. The end
panels 45, 46 may include apertures 49, 50, respectively which, as
will be seen, permit four way entry.
Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown one embodiment of my invention.
More specifically, the embodiment of FIG. 6 results from combining
the base 40 of FIG. 4 with the wrapper or blank 43 of FIG. 5. Thus,
in the pallet construction of FIG. 6, the blank 43 is wrapped
longitudinally around the base 40 and is secured, for example by
glueing, to the deck and the bottom surface of the base. To
facilitate the attachment of the wrapper blank 43 to the base 40,
glue may be applied to the wrapper sheet 43 as suggested by the
shaded areas shown in FIG. 5. As previously suggested, the end
panels of the wrapper sheet may be provided with centrally disposed
apertures 49, 50 which provide access to the channel 39 thereby
providing, together with the channels 38, a four way entry pallet.
The apertures may be omitted if only a two way entry pallet is
desired.
Experiments conducted upon the occasion of the invention have
established the importance of providing a wrapper sheet secured to
the base portion, e.g., the wrapper sheet 43. More specifically, it
has been found that although the base 40 provides sufficient
strength to resist compressive stresses, the base is relatively
weak with respect to resistant transverse shear forces, i.e., shear
forces parallel to the channels 38. It has been found that such
shear forces commonly arise when a pallet is used to ship goods
stacked thereon. In such event, it appears that the movement of the
shipping vehicle, e.g., a truck, gives rise to transverse shear
stresses which, in the absence of a wrapper sheet, will casue the
base to collapse. By providing a longitudinally wrapped sheet
around the base and which is secured to the top and bottom surface
of the base, such transverse shear forces are resisted by the
wrapper sheet which may, for example, be a sheet of linerboard or a
sheet of corrugated paperboard.
As suggested in FIG. 4, the pallet base shown therein is a rather
narrow pallet base. Although such a pallet may be useful when
shipping or storing certain prepackaged commodities, in many
instances it is desired to employ a pallet which is significantly
wider than the pallet of FIG. 6. When a significantly wider pallet
is desired, it is preferable to add thereto a plurality of
longitudinally aligned legs which are disposed intermediate the
legs on the sides of the pallet shown in FIG. 6. A convenient way
to provide such legs is to employ a blank of the type shown in FIG.
7.
Referring to FIG. 7, the blank 30 shown therein is preferably
manufactured of corrugated paperboard wherein the flutes of the
corrugated medium are disposed as suggested by the arrows. The
blank of FIG. 7 is cut and scored so as to provide a bottom wall
forming panel 33 foldably connected to two side wall forming panels
36 which are foldably connected to top flaps 34. Referring to FIG.
8, the configuration 30' suggests the manner in which the blank 30
of FIG. 7 may be folded to provide a plurality of longitudinally
aligned legs. Disposed beneath the configuration 30' shown in FIG.
8 is a wider version of a base of the type shown in FIG. 4. As
suggested by FIG. 8, the configuration 30' is intermediately
located between the legs on both sides of the pallet base such that
the outwardly extending top flaps 34 are in face abutting relation
with the bottom of the deck panel 15. The outwardly extending top
flaps 34 are secured to the bottom of the deck panel 15. The
securement between the outwardly extending top flaps 34 and the
bottom of the deck 15 may advantageously be obtained by again using
an adhesive or hot melt glue as suggested by the shading lines in
FIG. 8. Alternatively, the top flaps 34 may be stapled to the
bottom of the deck 15.
After the configuration of longitudinally disposed legs 30' has
been secured to the deck 15 of FIG. 8 and the resulting pallet is
rotated 180.degree. the pallet base of FIG. 9 results wherein it
will be seen that a four way entry pallet base is provided. More
particularly, the pallet base of FIG. 9 includes a flat deck 15
with a plurality of legs along both sides thereof which define
channels therebetween whereby a forklift truck may enter from the
side of the pallet. Additionally, channels 60 are defined between
the side legs and the intermediate legs. The legs disposed along
the sides of the pallet base of FIG. 9 are constructed as
hereinbefore recited with respect to FIG. 4. The longitudinally
aligned legs which are disposed intermediate the side legs are each
comprised of a bottom wall, two side walls foldably connected to
the bottom wall, at least one end wall foldably connected to one of
the side walls and a pair of outwardly extending top flaps, each of
the top flaps being foldably connected to the side walls on a
respective side of the longitudinally aligned legs and secured to
the bottom surface of the pallet deck 15 by the use of an adhesive
or staples.
In order to resist shear forces, the pallet base of FIG. 9 is
combined with a wrapper of the type shown in FIG. 10 which will be
recognized as being substantially similar to the wrapper of FIG. 5
except that two slots or apertures 70, 71 may be provided in each
of the end wall portions 45, 46. The wrapper 43a of FIG. 10 is
combined with the pallet base 40a of FIG. 9 to produce the pallet
of FIG. 11 wherein it will be seen that the wrapper 43a is
longitudinally wrapped about the pallet base 40a and is secured to
the upper and lower surface of the pallet base. Additionally, it
will be noted that the apertures 70, 71 are spaced between the side
legs of the pallet base so as to align with the channels 60 of the
pallet base 40a so as to provide four way entry.
Referring to FIG. 12, there is shown an alternate construction
whereby a pallet base 40b may be provided which includes
longitudinally aligned legs located intermediate the side legs. In
accordance with this embodiment, a pallet base 40b is provided by
providing two adjacently disposed pallet bases of the type shown in
FIG. 4. Thus, in FIG. 12, two pallet bases are shown with their
component parts designated by the letters a and b. The line 72
designates the interface between the two pallet bases, i.e., the
side walls of the two pallet bases are in face abutting relation.
If desired, the face abutting side walls may be secured together,
e.g., by glueing.
Referring to FIG. 13, there is shown an alternate form of a wrapper
sheet wherein two wrapper sheets 73, 74 are employed instead of the
single wrapper sheet of the type shown in FIG. 10. The advantage of
using two wrapper sheets as suggested by FIG. 13 in place of a
single wrapper sheet resides in the fact that it is preferable to
have the corrugations of the wrapper sheet longitudinally disposed
as suggested in FIG. 13. If the corrugations of the wrapper sheet
are thus disposed, difficulties might be encountered in producing a
wrapper sheet of significant length, i.e., a corrugating machine
might not be available which has a width sufficient to provide a
wrapper sheet of the required longitudinal dimension. In this
event, the construction of FIG. 13 can be resorted to and two,
discreet wrapper sheets maybe employed.
The two wrapper sheet 73, 74 of FIG. 13 may be combined with the
pallet base 40b of FIG. 12 to provide the palletconstruction of
FIG. 14. Thus, referring to FIG. 14, it will be seen that the
wrapper sheets 73, 74 have been longitudinally wrapped around the
pallet base 40b and the wrapper sheets 73, 74 have been secured to
the top and bottom surfaces of the pallet base 40b, for example by
glueing. Additionally, it will be noted that the apertures 76, 77
are so located on the end panels 75 as to be aligned with the
longitudinal channels which are defined by the legs on the side of
the pallet base 40b and the intermediately located longitudinally
aligned legs which result from the combination of the two pallet
base sections which comprise the overall pallet base 40b.
Although a number of embodiments of the instant invention have
hereinbefore been described by way of example, it will be
appreciated that other embodiments may be perceived by those
skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. For example,
the number of legs provided may be varied depending upon the load
to be carried. Similarly, if corrugated paperboard is used as a
foldable material, the type of board may be selected to accommodate
the expected load. Thus, it will be understood that the scope of
the instant invention is to be defined by the claims appended
hereto.
* * * * *