U.S. patent number 3,911,447 [Application Number 05/467,891] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-07 for electrographic writing apparatus for a metallized strip recording medium using grounded electrodes between writing electrodes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Robert Bosch G.m.b.H.. Invention is credited to Alfred Ortlieb.
United States Patent |
3,911,447 |
Ortlieb |
October 7, 1975 |
Electrographic writing apparatus for a metallized strip recording
medium using grounded electrodes between writing electrodes
Abstract
The electrodes of a burnout type electrographic apparatus are
grounded during their idle period in order to clear any possible
short circuit to an active electrode by the accumulation of metal
particles or oxide whiskers which would otherwise cause more than
one electrode to be simultaneously activated. An auxiliary
grounding electrode is interposed between each pair of adjacent
writing electrodes.
Inventors: |
Ortlieb; Alfred (Stuttgart,
DT) |
Assignee: |
Robert Bosch G.m.b.H.
(Stuttgart, DT)
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Family
ID: |
5880441 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/467,891 |
Filed: |
May 8, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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May 10, 1973 [DT] |
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2323484 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
347/161;
346/139C |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/425 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/425 (20060101); G01D 015/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/74ES,74SB,74S,74SC,139C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Konick; Bernard
Assistant Examiner: Lucas; Jay P.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Woodward; William R.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for writing on a recording medium having a metallic
layer subject to electrical burnout marking on a carrier web, which
apparatus comprises:
a plurality of writing electrodes (21,31) insulated from each other
arranged for simultaneous contact with the metallic layer of said
recording medium,
circuit means (25,37) for applying a burnout voltage during writing
periods and a grounding potential during a non-writing period to
the respective writing electrodes (21,31) and for applying a
grounding potential continuously to the metallic layer along a line
substantially equally spaced from said writing electrodes, and
a plurality of continuously grounded electrodes (32) respectively
located between each adjacent pair of writing electrodes and
arranged to make contact with said metallic layer, whereby
distortion of the record through inter-electrode short-circuits is
prevented.
Description
This invention relates to an apparatus writing upon a recording
medium, particularly recording medium having a metal layer subject
to electrical burnout on a carrier such as a paper or synthetic
resin tape. The apparatus writing upon the tape has a multiplicity
of writing electrodes insulated from each other and disposed in
simultaneous contact with the metal layer of the tape. The
application of a voltage sufficient to produce an arc causes a
burnout at the metal layer, which is to say that an area of the
metal layer in the neighborhood of the contact is removed. During
writing the recording medium is moved past the electrodes, usually
at uniform speed.
In apparatus of the kind just described, the recording medium
carrier tape is almost always moved in the same direction, so that
the burnout residues and the metal particles loosened from the
metal layer by the writing electrodes moving in contact with the
layer can stick to the writing electrode points and form an oxide
whisker. Such an oxide whisker, which is electrically conductive,
can cause a short circuit between two adjacent writing electrodes,
with results that are troublesome both for a visible text writing
operation and for a writing operation of the perferation code type
producing coded indications similar to the holes in a punched tape
or a card. In either of the cases just mentioned, the metal layer
lying under both of the electrodes thus connected is burned out
whenever a burnout signal is provided to only one of the
electrodes, producing a false writing result.
It is an object of the present invention to make such short circuit
bridging between the writing electrodes quite harmless by some
means without undue complication.
SUBJECT MATTER OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Briefly, means are provided for grounding the electrodes not
connected in the writing circuit, so that as soon as an electrode
is disconnected from the writing circuit, a ground is applied
thereto until the next writing period for that electrode. A
continuously grounded electrode is interposed between every two
adjacent writing electrodes.
The invention is further described by way of example with reference
to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the writing head of a visible text
writing apparatus, with a symbolic diagram of a writing and
grounding circuit connected thereto;
FIG. 2 is a similar view of the writing head of a coded spot
writing apparatus having auxiliary grounded electrodes arranged
between the writing electrodes, and
FIG. 3 is a simplified circuit diagram of the circuit to which the
writing head of FIG. 1 is connected.
FIG. 1 shows the writing head part of a visible text writing
apparatus having a number of writing electrodes, 21 arranged one
next to the other in a row and insulated from each other by a thin
mica sheet. A tape 22 of recording medium of metallized paper is
passed underneath the writing electrodes in contact with them in
the direction shown by the arrow. The metallized layer of the
recording medium, which is in contact with electrodes, is grounded
by a broad electrode 23 that extends across the width of the layer
as it passes beneath the electrode.
By grounding it is meant, of course, that a connection is made to a
fixed potential useful as a return potential because it is subject
to little or no fluctuation, such as actual ground potential,
chassis potential of an equipment, or the like.
The tape 22 runs over a support body 24 by which it is provided
with the necessary pressure against the end of the grounding
electrode and of the writing electrodes. In order to make harmless
any bridging that might result from the connection of electrically
conducting residue particles between adjacent writing electrodes
21, these writing electrodes are connected in an electronic circuit
25 by which all are grounded during the pauses between their
writing periods. The circuit 25 is shown in more detail in FIG.
3.
When an electrically conducting bridge 28 is formed between two
neighboring writing electrodes 21, the application of a burnout
pulse to one of the two electrodes (such as, for example, an
electronegative voltage of about 15 volts) produces a current
flowing through the other of the electrodes, which is not supposed
to be writing and is accordingly grounded. The short circuit
current that immediately flows through the circuit 25 to ground is
limited by the resistance in the circuit so that it burns away the
bridge 28 without then maintaining the arc between the two writing
electrodes 21. In order that the writing electrodes may not be
short circuited by accumulation of dust or other particles of
larger cross-section, all but the bottom of the front surfaces of
the writing electrodes are covered with an insulating layer of 27
of mica and only a narrow cross-section of the electrodes remain
uncovered.
If the spacing between writing electrodes is greater than 0.5 mm,
it is convenient to introduce a continuously grounded auxiliary
electrode between adjacent writing electrodes. An arrangement is
shown in FIG. 2, which shows a writing head for a coded spot writer
having 9 writing electrodes 31. The auxiliary electrodes 32 are
located between adjacent writing electrodes 31 and are insulated
from them by mica sheets. All of the auxiliary electrodes 32 are
connected electrically together and grounded.
A metallized paper tape 34, with the metallized layer on its top
surface, passes first under a grounding electrode 35, then over a
support body 36 and finally under the writing electrodes 31 of the
writing head 30, which are connected to an electronic circuit 37 of
such a kind that a writing voltage is applied to them with respect
to the metallized layer in periods in which they are respectively
to write on the recording medium by producing a burnout 38 in the
metal layer of the recording tape 30, the burnout pulses being
provided in accordance with some suitable information code to
record intelligence on the tape.
As already mentioned, there are electrodes 32 located between each
pair of adjacent writing electrodes 31. If now an electrically
conducting bridge 39 is formed between a writing electrode and an
auxiliary electrode, it is burned away by a short circuit arc. It
is useful in the arrangement of FIG. 2 also to ground the writing
electrodes 31 when they are not connected in the writing circuit,
although that is not necessary when the electrodes 32 are provided
in the writing head. Accordingly in the symbolic representation of
the circuit of FIG. 2 a single throw switch 40 indicates only
connection to and disconnection from a writing potential.
The grounding of the writing electrodes when disconnected from the
writing circuit in accordance with the invention is symbolized in
FIG. 1 by a double-throw switch 31.
FIG. 3 shows in more detail the circuit 25 of FIG. 1.
Signals for controlling where the burnout marks should occur are
provided from the terminal 50, which is connected to a suitable
transmission line or signal generating apparatus and provides
signals controlling the relay 54 which intermittently connects a
source of negative writing potential 52 through contacts of one of
the relays 71, 72, 73 . . . to one of the representative writing
electrodes 21a, 21b, 21c . . . The circuit for the writing current
is completed through the metal layer 22 and the collective ground
electrode 23. The relays 71, 72, 73 . . . are activated
sequentially by a rotating switch 56 driven by the motor M, which
may be a stepping motor synchronized with the incoming signals by a
connection symbollically shown by the dashed line 51. The
synchronizing signals may of course be furnished by a conductor
separate from that which furnished the signals controlling the
relay 52. The respective relays 71, 72, 73 . . . are provided with
back contacts such as the contact 58 of the relay 71, for grounding
the corresponding electrode when the relay is not actuated through
a contact of the switch 56, the contact arm of each unoperated
relay being pressed against the back contact in the usual way by a
restoring spring (not shown).
It is to be understood, of course, that instead of electromagnetic
relays, a semiconductor switching circuit may be used to provide
the same switching functions and that the rotary switch 56 and the
motor M may likewise be replaced by a semiconductor counting chain
and associated circuits in the well-known way. Electromagnetic
circuits are shown in FIG. 3 for simplicity of illustration.
The current limiting the resistor 53 is of a magnitude such as to
permit current to be passed between one of the electrode 21 and the
metal layer 22 sufficient to produce a burnout. When a short
circuit occurs between an activated electrode and a grounded
electrode the current limiting effect of the resistor 53 is
sufficient to prevent an arc from being formed which would spread
the burnout, but if an additional resistance is desired, to assure
clearing the short circuit without formation of a side arc, a
resistance may be interposed in the conductor 59.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to
particular embodiments, but of course modifications may be made
within the inventive concept.
* * * * *