U.S. patent number 3,909,877 [Application Number 05/541,833] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-07 for detent door holder.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eaton Corporation. Invention is credited to Charles B. Christy, Roger D. Long.
United States Patent |
3,909,877 |
Christy , et al. |
October 7, 1975 |
Detent door holder
Abstract
A detent door holder is provided for use with a door closer
assembly to hold the door in a predetermined position (normally, an
open-door position), upon engagement of the detent with a detent
surface. The detent includes a body and a plunger assembly
associated therewith. The plunger assembly has a retracted position
in which the detent is inoperable to engage the detent surface and
the door is freely movable. The plunger assembly also has an
extended position in which the plunger assembly is operable to
engage the detent surface, thus holding the door in the
predetermined position. A main spring exerts a first biasing force
opposing movement of the plunger assembly from the extended,
operable position toward the retracted position, and a secondary
spring exerts a second biasing force on the plunger assembly
opposing movement of the plunger assembly from the retracted
position toward the extended position. Preferably, the first
biasing force is substantially greater than the second biasing
force. Thus, it is possible with the detent of the present
invention to set the plunger assembly, i.e., move it from the
retracted position to the extended, operable position, in
opposition to a relatively small spring force, while maintaining
the plunger assembly operable to engage the detent surface under
the influence of a much larger spring force.
Inventors: |
Christy; Charles B. (Charlotte,
NC), Long; Roger D. (Marshville, NC) |
Assignee: |
Eaton Corporation (Cleveland,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
24161264 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/541,833 |
Filed: |
January 17, 1975 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
16/85; 16/49;
16/DIG.17 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05F
3/221 (20130101); Y10T 16/625 (20150115); Y10S
16/17 (20130101); E05Y 2900/132 (20130101); Y10T
16/27 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E05F
3/00 (20060101); E05F 3/22 (20060101); E05F
005/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;16/49,52,53,71,82,85,51,DIG.17 ;74/526 ;292/275 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Larkin; Geo. V.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Teagno & Toddy
Claims
I now claimm:
1. A detent means for use with a door closer assembly to hold a
door in a predetermined position upon engagement of said detent
means with a detent surface, said detent means comprising:
a. a body;
b. a plunger assembly associated with said body, said plunger
assembly having a retracted position in which the door is freely
movable, and an extended position in which said plunger assembly is
operable to engage said detent surface;
c. means biasing said plunger and said biasing means exerting a
first biasing force opposing movement of said plunger assembly from
said extended, operable position toward said retracted position;
and
d. said biasing means exerting a second biasing force opposing
movement of said plunger assembly from said retracted position
toward said extended, operable position, said first biasing force
being substantially greater than said second biasing force.
2. A detent means as defined in claim 1 wherein said first biasing
force is at least about 10 times greater than said second biasing
force.
3. A detent means as defined in claim 1 including cam means axially
movable relative to said body, said plunger assembly defining a cam
actuating surface normally in engagement with said cam means, said
cam actuating surface being configured to permit movement of said
plunger assembly between said retracted position and said extended,
operable position in response to relative rotation of said cam
means and said plunger assembly.
4. A detent means as defined in claim 3 including a housing
generally surrounding said body and being rotatably and axially
movable with respect thereto, said plunger assembly being fixed
with respect to said housing to prevent substantial axial and
rotational movement therebetween.
5. A detent means as defined in claim 4 wherein said biasing means
includes first and second biasing means operable to exert,
respectively, said first and second biasing forces, said second
biasing means biasing said plunger assembly toward said retracted
position.
6. A detent means as defined in claim 5 wherein said body includes
first and second seat means axially fixed with respect to said
housing, said first biasing means comprises a first spring and said
first seat means and said second biasing means comprises a second
spring and said second seat means.
7. A detent means as defined in claim 6 wherein said first biasing
force is from about 100 to about 150 pounds and said second biasing
force is from about 5 to about 10 pounds.
8. A detent means as defined in claim 1 wherein said biasing means
includes a first spring means operable to exert said first biasing
force and a second spring means operable to exert said second
biasing force.
9. A detent means as defined in claim 8 wherein said first spring
means has seat means axially fixed with respect to said body and
said second spring means has seat means axially fixed with respect
to said body and said second biasing force biases said plunger
assembly toward said retracted position.
10. A detent means as defined in claim 9 including cam means
axially movable relative to said body, said plunger assembly
defining a cam actuating surface normally in engagement with said
cam means, said cam actuating surface being configured to permit
movement of said plunger assembly between said retracted position
and said extended, operable position in response to relative
rotation of said cam means and said plunger assembly.
11. A detent means as defined in claim 10 wherein said cam means is
biased toward engagement with said cam actuating surface by said
first spring means.
12. A detent means as defined in claim 11 wherein said body
includes axially extending guide means and said cam means includes
means engaging said guide means to permit axial movement of said
cam means within said body and substantially prevent rotation of
said cam means relative to said body.
13. A detent means adapted to be mounted on a pivotable arm to hold
said arm in a predetermined position upon engagement of said detent
means with a detent surface, said detent means comprising:
a. a body including means for fixedly mounting said body on said
pivotable arm;
b. a plunger assembly disposed at least partly within said body and
being rotatably and axially movable relative thereto, said plunger
assembly including means for engaging said detent surface;
c. a housing generally surrounding said body and being fixed with
respect to said plunger assembly;
d. cam means axially movable relative to said plunger assembly,
said plunger assembly defining a cam actuating surface normally in
engagement with said cam means to permit axial movement of said
plunger assembly in response to relative rotation of said cam means
and said plunger assembly;
e. a first spring means including a seat fixed with respect to said
body and exerting a first biasing force biasing said cam means
outwardly toward engagement with said cam actuating surface and
opposing movement of said plunger assembly inwardly; and
f. a second spring means including a seat fixed with respect to
said body and exerting a second biasing force opposing movement of
said plunger assembly outwardly, said first biasing force being at
least about 10 times greater than said second biasing force.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to door closer assemblies, and more
particularly, to an improved detent-hold open mechanism for
maintaining a door biased by the closer assembly in a
predetermined, open-door position. More specifically, the present
invention relates to such a detent hold open of the type utilizing
a movable plunger assembly which is biased toward engagement with a
detent surface.
Plunger-type detent door holders have become generally well known
in the art, an example of which is illustrated by U.S. Pat. No.
3,259,936 and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. In
the detent mechanism of the cited patent, the plunger is axially
movable from the retracted position to the extended, operable
position by rotation of the plunger assembly through an angle of
about 90.degree.. This is referred to in the art as "setting" the
detent.
In the development of detent door holders of the type to which the
present invention applies, it was found desirable to employ larger
springs capable of exerting greater holding forces on the plunger
assembly. However, the use of stronger springs caused a problem in
connection with the setting of such detents, whereby it was
necessary to overcome the biasing force of the spring when rotating
the plunger assembly to move the plunger from the retracted
position to the extended, operable position. Thus, the desired
level of biasing force needed to maintain the door in the
predetermined position was substantially greater than the force
which could be conveniently applied to manually set the detent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved detent door holder of the type utilizing a plunger
assembly biased toward engagement with a detent surface.
It is a more specific object of the present invention to provide a
detent door holder of the type described in which only a relatively
small biasing force must be overcome to set the detent in the
extended, operable position, while a substantially larger biasing
force maintains the plunger in engagement with the detent
surface.
It is an even more detailed object of the present invention to
provide such a detent door holder wherein the above-stated objects
are accomplished by the provision of an improved means for biasing
the plunger assembly. The biasing means exerts a first biasing
force which opposes movement of the plunger assembly inwardly,
i.e., from the extended, operable position toward the retracted
position. Therefore, upon engagement of the detent surface of the
plunger assembly, the first biasing force holds the door in the
predetermined position by resisting disengagement of the plunger
assembly from the detent surface. The biasing means also exerts a
second biasing force on the plunger assembly opposing movement of
the plunger assembly outwardly, i.e., from the retracted position
toward the extended position. It is this outward movement which
occurs when the plunger assembly is being set. The first biasing
force is preferably substantially greater than the second biasing
force.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the
detent door closer includes a body axially and rotatably movable
relative to the plunger and the biasing means includes first and
second spring means operable to exert the first and second biasing
forces, respectively, the first and second spring means having seat
means axially fixed with respect to the body. The second spring
means biases the plunger toward the retracted position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic plan view of a door with a door
closer assembly illustrating both the closed door and open door
positions.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary plan view similar to a portion
of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the detent of the present
invention in the retracted position, on a scale twice that of FIG.
2.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3, illustrating
the extended or set position.
FIG. 4A is a bottom plan view taken along line 4A--4A of FIG.
4.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIGS. 3 and 4
illustrating the engaged position of the detent of the present
invention.
FIG. 6 is a view, partly in cross-section and partly in elevation,
of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 7--7 of FIG. 5, and
on the same scale.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, which are for the purpose of
illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention, and
not for limiting the same, FIG. 1 illustrates the environment for
which the detent of the present invention is especially adapted. In
FIG. 1, a door 11 is mounted to swing within a door frame 13 by
means of a set of hinges 15. The opening and closing action of the
door 11 is controlled by a door closer assembly 17, including a
door closer 19 which may be of the type illustrated in U.S. Pat.
No. 2,994,906, assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
The closer 19, which is mounted on the door 11, is interconnected
with a soffit plate 21, disposed on the door frame 13, by means of
a closing arm assembly which includes a main closing arm 23 and a
secondary closing arm 25. Thus, as used hereinafter, the term
"closing arm" may refer to and include either the main arm 23, the
secondary arm 25 or the combination of the arms 23 and 25.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art
that the present invention may be utilized with a door closer
assembly without the door closer 19, the closing arm merely being
pivotally mounted relative to the door.
Referring now to the fragmentary view of FIG. 2, there is shown the
soffit plate 21 and a fragmentary portion of the secondary closing
arm 25, which is pivotally mounted to the soffit plate 21 as by
means of a shoulder bolt 27. The soffit plate 21 includes a number
of counter-bored holes 31, usable for fastening the soffit plate to
the door frame 13, such as by means of flat-headed screws.
Extending through the soffit plate 21 is a rivet 33, the function
of which will be described subsequently. Mounted to extend from the
underside of the secondary arm 25 is a detent door holder 35, a
portion of which is threaded into a detent opening 37, extending
through the arm 25.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the detent door holder 35 is shown in
greater detail threaded into the detent opening 37. The detent door
holder 35 comprises a spring housing 39 including a housing upper
portion 41, threaded into detent opening 37, and a housing guide
portion 43. As is better shown in FIG. 7, housing guide portion 43
includes a pair of axially extending, diametrically opposed guide
grooves 45, the function of which will be described
subsequently.
Extending axially through the spring housing 39 is a plunger
assembly 47 including a plunger head 49 and a plunger stem 51, the
plunger assembly 47 being axially and rotatably movable relative to
the spring housing 39. Surrounding the spring housing 39 is a
housing cover 53 which is held in a fixed relationship with the
plunger assembly 47 by a suitable means, such as a press-fit pin 55
(see FIG. 4) passing through the plunger stem 51.
Disposed within a circumferential groove formed on the inner
surface of housing guide portion 43 is a retaining ring 57, and
seated on the upper surface thereof is a housing washer 59.
Disposed within the housing guide portion 43 is a plunger cam 61
including a pair of oppositely-disposed guide tabs 63 disposed
within the guide grooves 45 to permit axial movement of the cam 61
within the guide portion 43, while preventing relative rotational
movement. As may be seen in FIG. 7, the plunger cam 61 is generally
circular, and defines a generally circular, central orifice 64 to
permit the plunger stem 51 to pass therethrough. The plunger cam 61
is formed to have a cross-section (as seen in FIG. 3) shaped
generally like a broad V and the plunger head 49 has a similarly
configured, diametrically-extending surface 65 to provide
engagement of the plunger cam 61 and plunger head 49. It should be
noted that the housing upper portion 41 defines a circular housing
shoulder 67 which is engaged by the peak of the plunger cam 61 when
the cam is in the position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, thus limiting
upward movement of the cam.
Disposed between the plunger cam 61 and the housing washer 59 is a
main spring 71, and disposed between the retaining ring 57 and the
inside, bottom surface of the housing cover 53 is a plunger spring
73, both of which are shown in the subject embodiment as being
helical compression springs, although it should be appreciated that
any suitable biasing means may be used in accordance with the
teachings herein. In the subject embodiment, the main spring 71
exerts a biasing force in the range of about 100 pounds (444
newtons) to about 150 pounds (666 newtons), depending on the degree
of compression, whereas the plunger spring 73 exerts a biasing
force in the range of about 4.6 pounds (21 newtons) to about 10.4
pounds (46 newtons), depending again on the degree of compression.
Thus, it may be seen that the main spring 71 exerts a biasing force
which may be at least about 10 times greater than the biasing force
exerted by the plunger spring 73, and in the subject embodiment is
roughly 15 to 25 times greater. The significance of these relative
biasing forces will become more apparent in connection with the
subsequent description of the operation of the detent door holder
of the present invention.
OPERATION
In describing the operation of the detent 35, reference will be
made primarily to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 which illustrate, respectively,
the retracted (or off) position, the extended, operable position
and the engaged position. The retracted position of the plunger
assembly 47, as shown in FIG. 3, is the normal condition for the
detent when the door 11 is in the closed-door position represented
in FIG. 1 (solid lines) and in the fragmentary view of FIG. 2.
When it is desired to "set" the detent 35 in preparation for
opening the door, the plunger assembly 47 and housing cover 53 are
rotated, as a unit, about 90.degree. to the position shown in FIG.
4. This may be accomplished by any suitable means, such as by
inserting an Allen wrench into an hexagonal opening 74 (see FIG.
4A) formed in the bottom of plunger stem 51 and turning the wrench
90.degree., thus turning the plunger assembly 47 and housing cover
53. In the set position shown in FIG. 4, the plunger head 49 is
rotated relative to the plunger cam 61 so that the V-shaped surface
65 on the underside of the plunger head 49 becomes oriented
approximately perpendicular to the peak of the plunger cam 61, thus
moving the plunger assembly axially, relative to the cam 61, to the
extended, operable position shown in FIG. 4. It should be noted by
comparing FIGS. 3 and 4 that when the plunger head 49 is rotated,
it is the plunger spring 73 which is compressed, permitting the
housing cover 53 and plunger assembly 47 to rise relative to the
closing arm 25, rather than the main spring 71 being compressed,
which would permit the plunger cam 61 to be depressed. In the set
position illustrated in FIG. 4, the detent door holder 35 is ready
to perform its hold open function.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the detent 35 is in the engaged position
which occurs when the door reaches the open-door position
illustrated in FIG. 1 (dotted lines). The rivet 33 passing through
soffit plate 21 terminates at its downward end in a head 75,
generally defining a portion of a sphere, and which serves as the
detent surface. For clarity, the plunger head 49 is shown partly
broken away to show an opening 77 formed in the upper end of
plunger head 49, the opening 77 generally conforming to the shape
of rivet head 75. By comparing FIGS. 4 and 5 it may be seen that
when plunger head 49 engages rivet head 75, plunger assembly 47 is
initially depressed, compressing main spring 71, until the head 75
and opening 77 reach the relative positions shown in FIG. 5, at
which point the plunger assembly 47 has again moved upward a short
distance (approximately the height of rivet head 75) to engage the
detent surface. Thus, in the engaged position of FIG. 5, it is the
substantially larger biasing force exerted by main spring 71 which
maintains the plunger assembly 47 in engagement with the detent
surface to hold the door in the open door position.
When it is desired to again close the door, necessitating
disengagement of the plunger head and detent surface, the door may
be closed by merely exerting a force on the door sufficient to
overcome the force of main spring 71, causing the plunger head 49
to momentarily depress in opposition to the biasing force of main
spring 71, until the opening 77 is disengaged from the detent
surface, allowing the plunger head 49 to return to the extended,
operable position illustrated in FIG. 4. The door then closes under
the force of the door closer 19.
Alternatively, disengagement of the opening 77 and detent surface
may be brought about by returning the plunger assembly 47 and
housing cover 53 to the retracted position illustrated in FIG. 3,
without first moving the door. This is accomplished by the reverse
process of setting the detent, i.e., rotating the plunger assembly
and housing cover 90.degree. in either direction so that the
surface 65 on the underside of plunger head 49 again engages the
peak of plunger cam 61 as is shown in FIG. 3.
From the above discussion of the operation of the present
invention, it will be appreciated that the detent 35 and the rivet
head 75 must be disposed at equal distances from the pivot point of
secondary arm 25 and soffit plate 21, i.e., the bolt 27. It should
also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the detent
door holder 35 and detent surface may be both located elsewhere on
the door closer assembly 17. For example, the detent 35 may be
located on either the main closing arm 23 or the secondary closing
arm 25 and the detent surface may be located on the other of the
closing arms 23 and 25 in a manner generally similar to that
illustrated in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,259,936 cited above.
FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which the
detent 35 engages a detent surface in the manner described above,
but in addition, a stop member 79 is provided such that the edge of
closing arm 25 engages a stop surface 81 just as the opening 77
achieves engagement with the detent surface.
While the invention has been described with reference to a
preferred embodiment, neither the illustrated embodiment nor the
terminology employed in describing it is intended to be limiting;
rather, it is intended to be limited only by the scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *