U.S. patent number 3,909,754 [Application Number 05/446,030] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-30 for waveguide bandstop filter.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sage Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to Harry F. Chapell.
United States Patent |
3,909,754 |
Chapell |
September 30, 1975 |
Waveguide bandstop filter
Abstract
The filter is in the form of a resonant ring disposed inside of
the waveguide which feeds microwave energy to the cooking cavity of
a microwave oven. The ring is preferably disposed adjacent the
magetron, can be either dielectrically or conductively supported,
is rotatable for varying E vector coupling and is preferably for
second harmonic suppression.
Inventors: |
Chapell; Harry F. (Maynard,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Sage Laboratories, Inc.
(Natick, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23771068 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/446,030 |
Filed: |
February 26, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
333/208; 333/81B;
333/251; 333/248; 219/708; 219/720 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01P
1/212 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01P
1/212 (20060101); H01P 1/20 (20060101); H01P
001/16 (); H01P 001/22 (); H01P 007/00 (); H05B
009/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;333/21R,21A,73W,76,81R,81B,98R,98M ;219/10.55 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawrence; James W.
Assistant Examiner: Nussbaum; Marvin
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wolf, Greenfield & Sacks
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. For a microwave oven having means defining an oven cooking
cavity, a source of microwave energy at a predetermined frequency
and a waveguide for coupling the energy from the source to the
cavity, a filter for suppressing a harmonic of the operating
microwave frequency comprising a resonant ring and means for
supporting the resonant ring within the waveguide and from a wall
thereof adjacent the source of microwave energy and having at least
a part of the ring extending in the direction of the E vector of
the field in the waveguide, said source including a magnetron
having a radiating end with said ring disposed an emperically
predetermined distance from the radiating end so as to minimize the
magnitude of the second harmonic generated by the magnetron.
2. The filter of claim 1 wherein said means for supporting includes
a conductive member having means for permitting its support from a
narrow wall of the waveguide.
3. The filter of claim 2 wherein said ring is circular and has an
inner diameter on the order of one wavelength of the center
rejection band frequency.
4. The filter of claim 3 wherein said conductive member has a
cross-sectional area equal to or greater than the width of the ring
so as to provide good heat transfer.
5. The filter of claim 2 wherein said ring is rotatable to vary E
vector coupling.
6. The filter of claim 1 wherein said means for supporting includes
a dielectric member supporting said ring from a wide wall of the
waveguide.
7. In combination:
a plurality of walls defining an oven cooking cavity,
a source of microwave energy for generating a signal having a
principle operating frequency.
a rectangular waveguide having a pair of broad walls and a pair of
narrow walls and for coupling the signal from the source to the
cooking cavity,
a circular resonant ring filter structure for suppressing a
harmonic of the operating microwave frequency,
and means for supporting the resonant ring within the waveguide
adjacent the source of microwave energy and having at least a part
of the ring extending in the direction of the E vector of the field
in the waveguide,
said means for supporting the resonant ring including a conductive
member having means for permitting its support from one of the
narrow walls of the waveguide in a manner to allow limited rotation
of the member which in turn rotates said ring to vary the
suppression bandwidth without materially varying the center
suppression frequency,
said conductive member having a cross-sectional area equal to or
greater than the width of the ring so as to provide good heat
transfer between the ring and waveguide walls,
and wherein said ring has an inner diameter on the order of one
wavelength of the center rejection band frequency.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to a waveguide bandstop
filter and is more particularly concerned with a resonant ring
filter preferably for use in a waveguide coupling microwave energy
to a microwave cooking cavity.
In the operation of microwave ovens it is sometimes found necessary
to provide for suppression of one or more of the harmonics of the
operating frequency. Most known waveguide bandstop filters are
conventionally constructed by coupling from the waveguide to
resonators outside the waveguide. These structures are generally
complicated and do not couple well to all modes at harmonic
frequencies. Waveguide low pass filters are known that are disposed
in the waveguide but they are usually relatively complicated
including cascaded high and low impedance sections of
waveguide.
In accordance with this invention a simple filter structure is used
that provides adequate filter rejection. Although resonant ring
structures are known (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,593,155; 2,553,649; and
2,480,189) the structure of the present invention is considered an
improved filter structure and one that is particularly adapted for
use in waveguide associated with a microwave cooking cavity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Although the filter of the present invention may be used in many
different applications, it is preferably adapted for use in a
microwave oven having an oven cooking cavity, a source of microwave
energy at a predetermined operating frequency and a waveguide for
coupling the energy from the source to the cavity. The filter
structure of this invention is for suppressing at least one of the
harmonics of the operating microwave frequency. The filter
structure comprises a resonant ring and means for supporting the
resonant ring within the waveguide adjacent the source of microwave
energy and having at least a part of the ring extending in the
direction of the E vector in the waveguide.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
the resonant ring is supported by a conductive member from the
narrow wall of the waveguide and the ring is disposed close to and
at an empirically determined distance from the microwave energy
source so as to provide optimum harmonic suppression.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more comprehensive understanding of additional features and
advantages of the present invention will be gained upon a reading
of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a microwave oven
and showing the filter structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially cut-away cross-sectional view through the
waveguide showing the filter structure in more detail;
FIG. 3 shows an alternate arrangement to that shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3;
and
FIGS. 5A and 5B show graphs associated with the filter structure of
this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG 1 shows a portion of a microwave oven including walls defining
an oven cavity 10, a waveguide 12 coupling by way of port 14 to the
oven cavity 10 and a magnetron 16 which is contained within a
housing 18 and includes a radiating end 20 extending into the
waveguide 12. The magnetron 16 is shown schematically as having a
pair of leads 22 connecting to a power source. The structure
including the oven cavity, waveguide and magnetron may be of
conventional design.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided the
resonant ring 24 which is depicted in FIG. 2 as being of circular
shape. However, this ring could also be of elliptical shape or even
square or rectangular shape. In particularly for lower frequency
suppressions it may be desireable to make the ring of elliptical or
rectangular shape.
As most clearly depicted in FIG. 2 the ring 24 is connected by a
metallic support 26 from the narrow wall 12A of the waveguide. The
threaded end 28 of support 26 may protrude out from the outer
surface of the waveguide so as to provide a means for providing
limited rotational movement of the member 26 which in turn causes
rotation of the ring 24 such as to the position shown in dotted in
FIG. 1. The purpose of this rotation is discussed in more detail
hereinafter.
In FIG 1 it is noted that the ring 24 is disposed a predetermined
distance d from the center line of the magnetron 16. In accordance
with this invention this distance is not arbitrarily selected. Once
the particular magentron has been selected the distance d is
emperically determined by moving the ring 24 towards and away from
the magnetron until the optimum position is obtained. In this
connection note that in FIG. 5A there is shown the magnetron output
with a spurious second harmonic signal about 4900 megahertz. By
employing appropriate measuring apparatus it is possible to move
the ring 24 so that the output peak 30 is reduced to the dotted
peak 32 in the event that second harmonic suppression is desired.
In this way, the proper phase relationship is established between
the magnetron and the resonant ring filter. It is preferred that
the distance d be as small as possible and yet provide this optimum
phase relationship. The distance from the ring to the magnetron
should be as close as possible so as to reduce the "long-line
effect." If this phase relationship is not established by the
proper placement of the ring 24 there will be an enhancement of the
spurious harmonic signals.
In this way, the harmonic power from the magnetron is not only
reduced at the other side of the rejection filter, but it is also
reduced at any other exits from the magnetron such as where the
leads 22 exit therefrom.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, it is
noted that the ring 24 is supported by a conductive member 26 from
the narrow wall of the waveguide. The prior are U.S. Pat. No.
3,593,155 teaches the use of dielectric supports for a ring as
voltages are going to be applied thereto. The metal support 26
extends from the narrow wall because it is not desired to have any
metal support with any appreciable component thereof extending in
the direction of the E vector as depicted in FIG. 2. Any
appreciable component of the member 26 in the direction of the E
vector will couple energy and provide a discontinuity in the
waveguide. Accordingly, the ring is supported from the narrow wall
of the waveguide.
Also, in accordance with this invention it is preferred that the
embodiment of FIG. 2 be employed wherein the support member 26 is
conductive and of substantially the same or larger diameter than
the width of ring 24. In this way, the member 26 functions, in
addition to a support, also as a heat sink for removing any heat
generated in the ring to the larger waveguide heat sink. If the
ring 24 has a dielectric support the electrical characteristics
could be changed. For example, there could be a slight alteration
of the center stopband frequency when the ring expands and there
could be a decrease in the Q when the ring is hotter and thus the
filter would not provide optimum rejection.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention it is
preferred that the ring 24 be rotational as depicted in the solid
and dotted outline in FIG. 1. Regarding this feature, reference is
also made to the graph of FIG. 5B. In the solid position shown in
FIG. 1 a maximum portion of the ring 24 extends in the direction of
the E vector and thus the coupling is at a maximum. In FIG. 5B
waveform W1 depicts this condition wherein the stopband width is at
a maximum. As the ring 24 is rotated to the dotted position shown
in FIG. 1 the coupling becomes weaker and as shown by waveforms W2
and W3 the bandwidth and frequency successively decreases as the
coupling weakens. It is preferable for some exact applications to
rotate the ring 24 to a position wherein both conditions can be
simultaneously achieved. The ring would in that case be rotated to
a position wherein the bandwidth is suitably narrow and yet there
is no appreciable frequency shift.
Regarding the dimensions of the ring itself, the ring is resonant
when the inner circumference is approximately one wavelength long.
As previously indicated, if the ring is inserted in a rectangular
waveguide the resonant frequency is effected or shifts by rotation
of the plane of the ring. The ring may also be used in multiples to
achieve higher rejection than with the use of a single ring.
However, for many applications the single ring structure is
sufficient. In the application of the resonant ring of this
invention to microwave ovens it was found that adequate second
harmonic suppression was provided without significant effect on the
fundamental power transmitted to the microwave oven cavity. Low
power measurements of the ring yielded more than a 20db rejection
at the ring resonant frequency for any plane of the ring when it
was centrally located. The 10db rejection bandwidth was about 180
megahertz.
In one example the ring that was used had a 0.875 outer diameter; a
0.775 inner diameter; and was 0.1 inches thick; and it was also
found with the use of the ring, the VSWR only changed from 1.8:1 to
2.2:1 by introduction of the ring.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show an alternate arrangement wherein there is shown
a ring 24A supported by member 26A from a wide wall 12B of the
waveguide. In this embodiment the support 26A is a dielectric
support and thus need not extend from the narrow wall as in the
embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In this embodiment the ring 24A can
also be rotated as indicated in FIG. 4 and one of the advantages is
that the rotation in this manner does not change the E coupling.
Therefore, rotation can be accomplished so as to tune to the proper
center rejection frequency.
Having described a limited number of embodiments of the present
invention it should now be obvious to those skilled in the art that
there are many other embodiments and modifications of those
disclosed herein all of which are contemplated as following within
the spirit and scope of the present invention. As previously
mentioned, for example, the ring can be of many different
configurations. Also, the support from the narrow wall can be
provided from opposite narrow walls also to provide additional
support and heat dissipation from the ring structure. Also, it is
contemplated that the ring structure can be used in applications
other than in association with a microwave oven.
* * * * *