U.S. patent number 3,908,993 [Application Number 05/414,115] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-30 for centerless thick-walled game ball.
Invention is credited to Joseph A. Gentiluomo.
United States Patent |
3,908,993 |
Gentiluomo |
September 30, 1975 |
Centerless thick-walled game ball
Abstract
A game ball for baseball and softball having a hollow center and
capable of being manufactured to required size and weight
specifications. The function of the hollow center is to increase
the ball's moment of inertia by redistributing the weight of the
removed central mass toward the outside of the ball, thus,
providing for more stable flight. The increase in moment of inertia
will operate to decrease the ball's Magnus Effect, thus, providing
for truer ball flight under windy conditions, and also decrease its
dispersion angle such that fewer balls will be fouled
out-of-bounds.
Inventors: |
Gentiluomo; Joseph A.
(Schenectady, NY) |
Family
ID: |
26840216 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/414,115 |
Filed: |
November 8, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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142565 |
May 12, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
473/598;
473/373 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
39/00 (20130101); A63B 2039/003 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
39/00 (20060101); A63B 037/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/60,225,58B,58BA |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Marlo; George J.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 142,565, filed May 12,
1971, now abandoned.
Claims
Having thusly described the invention, I claim:
1. A hollow game ball for use in playing such games as baseball or
softball, comprising, a thick-walled hollow spherical mass of such
weight distribution as to have a moment of inertia greater than the
moment of inertia of a filled ball of equivalent size and weight,
and sewn patterned contouring disposed within the exterior surface
of said hollow spherical mass; said greater moment of inertia over
said filled ball being of such magnitude as to cause a reduction in
Magnus Effect to such a level as to provide improved aerodynamic
characteristics.
2. The invention as defined by claim 1, wherein said ball is
further characterized as a baseball and said hollow spherical mass
is further characterized as composed of a spherical shell
surrounded by a resilient mass.
3. The baseball as defined by claim 2, wherein said spherical shell
is further characterized as being made of steel; and said resilient
mass as being composed of a spherical elastomer encapsulating said
shell, thread winding surrounding said spherical elastomer, and a
cover secured over said winding by means of a patterned sewn
seam.
4. The baseball as defined by claim 3, wherein said thread winding
is further characterized as composed of a first layer of rough
texture wool yarn, a second layer of medium texture wool yarn, a
third layer of fine texture wool yarn, and a final layer of thin
string.
5. The baseball as defined by claim 4, wherein said cover is
further characterized as composed of bispatular pieces of leather
sewn together.
6. The baseball as defined by claim 5, further characterized as
being 9 to 91/4 inches in circumference and 5 to 51/4 ounces in
weight.
7. The invention as defined by claim 1, wherein said ball is
further characterized as a softball, and said hollow spherical mass
is further characterized as composed of a spherical shell
surrounded by a resilient mass.
8. The softball as defined by claim 7, wherein said spherical shell
is further characterized as being made of steel; and said resilient
mass as being composed of a spherical cork-rubber composition
encapsulating said shell, thread winding surrounding said
cork-rubber composition, and a cover secured over said winding by
means of a patterned sewn seam.
9. The softball as defined by claim 7, wherein said spherical shell
is further characterized as being made of steel; and said resilient
mass as being composed of compressed kapok surrounding said shell,
an elastomer seal encapsulating said kapok, a layer of thread wound
around said elastomer seal, and a cover secured over said thread
winding by means of a patterned sewn seam.
10. The softball as defined by claim 9, wherein said cover is
further characterized as composed of bispatular pieces of leather
sewn together.
11. The softball as defined by claim 10, further characterized as
being 117/8 to 121/8 inches in circumference and 6 to 63/4 ounces
in weight.
Description
This invention pertains to game ball construction, and more
particularly to balls such as, baseballs, and softballs which
require a predetermined size, weight, and proper degree of
resiliency and flight stability to travel an optimum distance after
being struck.
Baseballs are constructed as filled or solid multi-piece units
generally having a rubber covered cork core wound tightly with wool
yarn and covered with two bispatular pieces of white leather. Some
balls have solid rubber centers.
Softballs also appear as filled or solid multi-piece units
generally having either a molded rubber-cork composition or a
compressed kapok center wound with thread. The kapok center is
generally rubber sealed. Also, a low priced ball is available
generally made with a compressed kapok center encapsulated in a
cellular rubber or latex cover.
All cited balls are susceptible to substantial sidespin when hit,
thereby, causing a baseball and softball to be frequently hit foul
out-of-bounds. This sidespin can be substantially reduced by
distributing the ball's mass more effectively to lessen side thrust
to thus improve its performance. The instant invention discloses a
novel centerless ball functional in reducing unwanted sidespin
induced through improper application of a ball striking
implement.
Cited foul ball hitting can be substantially reduced by decreasing
the ball's sidespin velocity. Said spin or rotational velocity is
reduced through increase in ball moment of inertia, by locating the
ball's mass as much toward the outside of the ball as possible.
This is accomplished by removing the mass from the center of the
ball, and through various means relocating or redistributing the
weight of said removed central mass such that it is contained
within the ball's thick-walled hollow mass.
Rotation of said balls in a viscous fluid such as air, produces a
dynamic lift force known as the Magnus Effect. The term dynamic
lift also pertains to the side thrust experienced by a ball when it
is fouled out-of-bounds. This lift force is equal to the product of
the air density, the velocity of the ball through the air, and a
quantity termed "circulation" which is directly proportional to the
ball's angular velocity. Now, being that the initial velocities of
propagation of both the solid and the centerless ball described
above are the same when hit, and the angular velocity of the
centerless ball is less than the solid ball, the dynamic lift on
the centerless ball will be less than that experienced by the solid
ball. Since the dynamic lift or Magnus Effect is less on a hollow
type ball than on a solid ball of equal mass, the centerless ball
will have a reduced tendency to deviate from a straight line
trajectory to cause the hitting of baseballs and softballs foul,
thereby, effectuating a tighter dispersion pattern.
It now becomes apparent that the main intent of this invention is
to provide a centerless game ball for, baseball, and softball which
has substantially improved aerodynamic characteristics.
Accordingly, objects of this invention are as follows:
To provide a ball construction which is applicable toward the
manufacture of many types of game balls such as baseball, softball,
etc.
To provide a ball that will have better play characteristics than
presently available conventional game balls such as baseballs,
softballs, etc.
To provide a game ball that can be manufactured with excellent
roundness and balance.
To provide a game ball having a substantially stiff innermost
spherical sheel to act as a base from which the surrounding elastic
mass can operate during ball compression and recovery.
To provide a game ball that will more fully satisfy the demands of
players of varying skills.
To provide a baseball, and softball that is more stable and capable
of holding a truer flight on a windy day due to the effects of its
greater moment of inertia.
To provide a baseball and softball that is less susceptible to
being fouled out-of-bounds due to its decreased Magnus Effect.
To provide a baseball and softball having the desired sharp impact
sound and good feel when hit.
These objects and other objects will become apparent when taken in
conjunction with the description, claims, and the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 depicts a schematic isometric view of a coreless baseball
partially in schematic section.
FIG. 2 depicts a schematic isometric view of a coreless softball
partially in schematic section.
Terms herein utilized should bear interpretation as follows:
Moment of Inertia: It is defined as the sum of the product of the
mass of each particle in a rigid body and the square of its
distance from a common axis, or the ratio of the resultant external
torque to the angular acceleration with respect to said axis.
Thick-walled Hollow Spherical Mass: It pertains to an aggeegation
of particles or parts regarded as forming one thick-walled hollow
spherical body or ball. It is a ball composed of one or more
elements so constructed as to provide said ball with a filled
interior, free of cavities, from its outer surface inward.
Ball Size: Pertains to the external dimensions of the ball.
CENTERLESS BASEBALL
This ball can be manufactured in several varying forms. With
reference to FIG. 1, it can be discerned that the depicted
embodiment exists basically as a four-piece unit constructed as a
substantially thick-walled hollow spherical mass consisting of a
stiff spherical central shell 8, and a thick-walled resilient mass.
Said shell 8 is made preferably from steel, and said resilient mass
is composed of an elastomer encapsulation 9, thread winding 10, and
cover 11 secured over said winding by means of a patterned sewn
seam depicted as 12 and 13. Said winding is wound about said
elastomer 9 and may be constructed similar to a conventional ball
which has a first layer of rough texture woolen yarn, a second
layer of medium texture woolen yarn, a third layer of fine texture
woolen yarn, and finally a layer of thin cotton string for
presenting a substantially smooth surface underneath cover 11. Said
cover consists of two bispatular piece of white leather so shaped
as to fit together tightly as a single thickness cover over said
string by sewn thread 13. This ball according to regulations is
restricted to a weight of between 5 to 51/4 ounces and a
circumference of from 9 to 91/4 inches.
In operation, said ball deforms and flattens against said shell at
the area of impact. Upon recovery, said thick-walled resilient mass
will bear against said shell to forcefully spring back to return
the ball to its original spherical shape, and in so doing provides
a sharp sound upon propelling away from the bat. Centerless
Softball
This ball can also be manufactured in several varying forms. With
reference to FIG. 2, it can be discerned that the depicted
embodiment exists basically as a four-piece unit constructed as a
substantially thick-walled hollow spherical mass consisting of a
stiff spherical central shell 14, and a thick-walled resilient
mass. Said shell 14 is preferably steel, and said resilient mass is
composed of a substantially thick cork-rubber composition capsule
15, thread winding 16, and cover 17 secured over said winding by
means of a patterned sewn seam depicted as 18 and 19. Said winding
16 is wound about said capsule 15 for aiding toward supporting and
sustaining said capsule's spherical shape. Surrounding said winding
16 is cover 17 consisting of two bispatular piece of white leather
so shaped as to fit together tightly as a single thickness cover
sewn together by thread 19. This regulation ball, according to the
International Joint Rules Committee on Softball, is restricted to a
weight of 6 to 63/4 ounces and a circumference of from 117/8 to
121/8 inches.
A second embodiment can be constructed to have a thick kapok
capsule 15' compressed around said spherical central shell 14, and
rubber sealed to contain said kapok. Said capsule 15' is wound with
thread 16 to the proper diameter and then coated with rubber cement
for adhesion of cover 17. Said cover 17 consisting of two
bispatular pieces of white leather is sewn together by thread 19
such as depicted in FIG. 2.
Said softballs function similar to a baseball, but with reduced
trajectory.
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