U.S. patent number 3,908,652 [Application Number 05/395,922] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-30 for medical infusion apparatus.
Invention is credited to Hermann Weissinger.
United States Patent |
3,908,652 |
Weissinger |
September 30, 1975 |
Medical infusion apparatus
Abstract
A medical infusion apparatus has an infusion flask an infusion
tube fastened to the flask and lying in a two part casing provided
with an electrical control system and a drip valve or infusion
pump, the flask being exchangeably fastened to the casing and the
valve or pump being exchangeably disposed at the bottom of the
casing. Heating means is provided to heat the liquid being
infused.
Inventors: |
Weissinger; Hermann (7000
Stuttgart 80, DT) |
Family
ID: |
23565091 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/395,922 |
Filed: |
September 10, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/253;
128/DIG.13; 222/173; 392/470; 392/480; 604/65; 604/249;
222/185.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/172 (20130101); A61M 5/142 (20130101); A61M
5/44 (20130101); A61M 39/26 (20130101); A61M
2205/3653 (20130101); Y10S 128/13 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
39/26 (20060101); A61M 5/172 (20060101); A61M
5/142 (20060101); A61M 39/00 (20060101); A61M
5/168 (20060101); A61M 5/44 (20060101); A61M
005/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/214R,214A,214E,214F,214Z,215,218NV,221,2F,DIG.12,DIG.13
;222/173,180-182,185 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truluck; Dalton L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Olson; Oliver D.
Claims
1. Infusion apparatus comprising:
a. a pair of laterally spaced, hollow casing sections having top
and bottom ends and defining a space between them,
b. an infusion flask mounting flange at the top end of the casing
sections spanning the space between them,
c. an infusion flask mounted on the mounting flange in inverted
position,
d. drop sensor means mounted on the casing sections adjacent the
top end thereof and operatively spanning the space between the
casing sections,
e. a drip chamber communicating with the infusion flask and
positioned freely in the space between the casing sections for
sensing by the drop sensor means,
f. infusion outfeed control means mounted on the casing sections
adjacent the bottom end thereof and operatively spanning the space
between the casing sections, and
g. an infusion tube communicating with the drip chamber and
extending downward therefrom freely through the space between the
casing sections
2. The infusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein the infusion tube is
provided at its outfeed end with a valve body housing a
spring-loaded ball valve, an injection needle adapted for removable
attachment to the valve body, and valve operator means operatively
associated with the needle independently of the infeed end of the
needle for engaging and unseating the ball valve when the needle is
attached to the valve body, for the unobstructed flow of infusion
liquid into the infeed end of the needle.
3. The infusion apparatus of claim 2 wherein the valve operator
means comprises an arcuate segment extension of the wall of the
injection
4. The infusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein the infusion outfeed
control means comprises a drip valve including two clamp jaws of
which at least one is connected to one end of an elongated lever
provided with a pivot adjacent said end, and a control electro
magnet engages the lever adjacent
5. The infusion apparatus of claim 4 wherein the other of said two
clamp jaws is connected to one end of a second elongated lever
provided adjacent said end with the same pivot as the first named
lever, and an eccentric adjusting pin engages the second lever
adjacent the opposite end thereof
6. The infusion apparatus of claim 4 including spring means
engaging the lever for returning the associated clamp jaw to
unclamping position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to infusion apparatus, particularly
electrically monitored, having an infusion flask, an infusion tube
fastened thereto and provided with a drip chamber, a casing for
receiving the electrical control system, and a drip valve or an
infusion pump.
Infusion devices of this kind are already known -- see for example
applicable trade literature. In these devices gravity flow of an
infusion solution is automatically controlled at a preselected rate
of flow.
Through automatic self-control the known apparatus takes over the
function of tube valves and clips. Infusion tubes of any desired
thickness can be used, and the rate of flow is adjustable and is
automatically maintained constant.
These devices however have the great disadvantage that the infusion
flask is separate from an electronic control device, so that a drop
sensor must be suspended on the infusion flask and kept separate
from the device. Furthermore, various separate devices are
required, depending on whether an infusion pump or a magnetic clip
release device for flexible tubes is to be used.
Finally, the disadvantage also exists that when ordinary
commercially available infusion tubes and complete infusion sets
are used the flexibility of some tubes is so slight that a very
large magnet is required for the known drip valves. Generally such
commercially available tubes can not be used at all.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The problem underlying the invention therefore consists in so
improving the apparatus of the kind first mentioned above that it
can be used as universal apparatus. This means that the apparatus
should permit in a simple manner the insertion of a complete
commercially available infusion set, in such a way that it can work
both with a drip valve and with an infusion pump without it being
necessary, for example, to clip the drop sensor to the drip
chamber.
According to the invention this problem is solved by exchangeably
fastening the infusion flask on the top of the casing and
exchangeably disposing the drip valve or infusion pump at the
bottom of the casing.
In this way the separate clipping of the drop sensor to the drip
chamber is not necessary, since the invention provides for the
apparatus and the infusion flask to form a unit, so that after the
flask has been disposed on the apparatus and the tube clamped in
position no further installation work is necessary. Furthermore,
the apparatus is capable of universal use because the drip valve
can be replaced by a pump, so that the same apparatus can be
adapted to various requirements.
As a further development of the invention provision is made for the
casing to be composed of two parts and for the infusion tube to be
disposed between the two parts. In this way maximum integration of
the casing and infusion set is achieved, and the casing serves at
the same time to receive the flask, so that the flask does not need
to be separately suspended. For this purpose the infusion flask may
also be provided with a mounting flange for the purpose of secure
support on the casing.
Another feature of the invention consists in that the drip valve
has two clamp jaws, of which at least one is connected to a lever
which is movable about a fulcrum and the longer arm of which is
acted on by the control magnet. In this way a relatively small
control magnet is sufficient to supply the necessary force in all
cases so that the universal nature of the apparatus is further
increased, since the most diverse tubes can be used without
disadvantage. For this purpose it may also be very helpful for the
second clamp jaw to be stationary but adjustable in position by
means of an eccentric adjusting pin.
By means of this adjusting pin, adjustment to the most diverse
thicknesses of tube can be achieved easily and simply.
The invention provides an infusion apparatus having an infusion
flask, an infusion tube fastened thereon and provided with a drip
chamber, a casing to receive an electrical control system, and a
drip valve or an infusion pump, said infusion flask being
exchangeably fastened to the casing and that the drip valve or the
infusion pump being exchangeably disposed at the bottom of the
casing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatical front view of an apparatus in accordance
with the invention,
FIG. 2 a side view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 a front view of a replacement part for use with the
apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
FIG. 4 a side view of the replacement part shown in FIG. 3,
FIG. 5 a front view of another replacement part for use on the
apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and
FIG. 6 a side view of the replacement part shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section, on a much larger scale, through
the end of the infusion tube, and
FIG. 8 shows the same as FIG. 7, but before fastening of the
infusion tube.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows the completely assembled apparatus, comprising an
infusion set consisting of an infusion flask 1, a drip chamber 9
and an infusion tube 5, this set being incorporated in an apparatus
comprising essentially two casing parts 2 and 3 together with a
mounting flange 15. The mounting flange 15 can, for example, be
opened by means of a hinge in order to insert the infusion set. The
drip chamber 9 thus always lies in the region of a transmitter 26
and a receiver 27 of known construction, without it being necessary
for these components to be clipped to the drip chamber.
As indicated in FIG. 1, no contact at all is made between these
parts. In the lower region of the casing is indicated the drip
valve 4, which is operated by an electromagnet 12 the electric lead
of which is designated 16. This drip valve unit can be replaced by
an infusion pump, as will be explained below more fully.
A number of switches, namely a starting switch 28, a mains switch
29, and a drip pre-selector switch 32, are also provided on the
casing. Furthermore, a mains pilot lamp 30 and an alarm lamp 31 are
also indicated here.
Two screws 33 and 34 allow the drip valve unit to be replaced by a
motor-driven infusion pump, as will be explained later on.
FIG. 3 shows the drip valve unit 4 in greater detail. This Figure
shows two mounting lugs 22 and 23 with fastening holes 24 and 25,
by means of which the unit can be replaced as a whole with the aid
of the screw 33 and 34 shown in FIG. 1.
The infusion tube 5 is clamped between clamp jaws 7 and 8, which
are rotatable about the screw 10.
The clamp jaw 7 is generally made stationary, but can be adjusted
by the action of an eccentric adjusting pin 13 on a long lever arm
35.
The other adjusting jaw 8, on the other hand, is adapted to be
continuously moved by means of a magnet 12, which acts on the
switch pin 36 on the long lever arm 11. The return movement is
effected by means of the spring 14.
Owing to the fact that, as can clearly be seen in the drawing, the
long lever arm 11 has a length which is a multiple of that of the
short lever arm between the clamp jaw 8 and the screw 10, the
magnet 12 can be of relatively small dimensions, while it is
nevertheless possible for the most diverse tubes 5 to be used with
the infusion set.
FIG. 4 shows a side view of the fastening hole 24 behind which is
provided a recess 37 suitably adapted to the casing 2, 3, so that
the element can be fastened to the casing only by the two screws 33
and 34.
Exactly the same purpose is served by two fastening holes 18 and 19
in FIGS. 5 and 6, which are provided in a motor-driven infusion
pump 55 shown there. These continuousaction infusion pumps are
known per se and need not be described in detail. The arrows 38 and
39 above and below the infusion tube 5 indicate the direction of
flow. The motor 17a with its electric leads 17 is provided as drive
means and is coupled by means of a coupling pin 54 through a worm
drive, as can be seen in FIG. 6. Mounting lugs 20 and 21 correspond
to the mounting lugs 22 and 23 shown in FIG. 3.
As already mentioned, it is of great importance that by means of
the two screws 33 and 34 the unit consisting of the drive motor 17a
and the infusion pump can also be easily and simply mounted on the
casing 2, 3. In addition, another important feature of the
invention is that provision may also be made for electronic
elements or components in the casing 2, 3, to be replaced by other
elements or components for different functions, so that the
apparatus is suitable for the most diverse purposes, in accordance
with a module principle.
FIG. 7 shows the end of the infusion tube 5, in which in a further
embodiment of the invention a ball valve having the valve casing 43
is disposed, the valve casing containing a valve ball 47 loaded by
a spring 38. In FIG. 7 the ball 47 has been lifted off its valve
seat 39 by an extension 40 of the injection needle 41, so that the
flow in the direction of the needle 41 is permitted.
FIG. 8 on the other hand shows the situation when the needle holder
44 has been pulled off the valve casing 43 in the downward
direction, so that the valve ball 47 loaded by the spring 38 is
pressed onto its seat 39 and the infusion liquid can no longer flow
out.
The lower part of FIG. 8 shows clearly that the injection needle 41
is provided with the previously mentioned extension 40. The latter
may also be formed by the use of a slightly longer needle, the
inlet 45a of which however lies, at least in part, slightly lower
than the end 45. The dimensions are here shown greatly exaggerated,
and in practice the distance may amount to only a few
millimetres.
In another embodiment which is not illustrated, an intermediate
part may be disposed between the needle 41 and the mounting 46 of
the valve casing 43, the latter being provided with an extension of
this kind, namely the extension 40, in order to enable a
conventional needle 41 to be used, in which case this needle need
not have the extra length. This will be immediately understandable
to the specialist, so that this arrangement need not be
illustrated.
In all cases the attachment or extension 40 ensures that the valve
is closed immediately when the needle is pulled off.
In this way the apparatus provides the advantage that accidental
flow is reliably prevented and in addition the apparatus can be
arranged in this case to give an alarm signal.
Because of the spring-loaded ball 47 the infusion tube is
continuously closed when not in use and only when the doctor or
nurse fastens the needle or the previously mentioned intermediate
part to the valve will the valve ball be lifted off its seat and
allow the infusion liquid to flow through.
If the connection between the tube and the needle or the
abovementioned intermediate part should now be broken by the
patient, the ball is pressed back onto its valve seat by the
spring, and the tube is immediately closed, so that no further
infusion liquid can flow out. The tube, is thus immediately filled
with liquid and an alarm signal may be operated by an electrical
device, whereby staff can be summoned.
Another problem arises in heating an infusion liquid, for example
blood, before the infusion. It is already known for the blood to be
brought to the temperature of about 37.degree. before being
introduced into the infusion flask. This however entails the
disadvantage that a certain cooling occurs during the filling of
the flask. Since the infusion is known to take a long time, the
blood will in the meantime cool further.
Through the incorporation of heat radiation source 42 as shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 there is the advantage that the infusion liquid does
not need to be heated before commencement of the infusion but on
the contrary the infusion can commence immediately. The blood is
heated on its path from the flask 1 to the tube 5. The heat
radiation source may also act over other regions of the flask 1
and/or of the tube 5, and also of the drip chamber 9. It is thus
possible for the radiator to be disposed in other positions than
those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is also within the scope of the
invention for the entire infusion flask to be heated.
* * * * *