U.S. patent number 3,908,645 [Application Number 05/473,397] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-30 for ophthalmic pressure bandage.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Timothy C. Sandvig.
United States Patent |
3,908,645 |
Sandvig |
September 30, 1975 |
Ophthalmic pressure bandage
Abstract
An ophthalmic therapeutic pressure bandage comprising a
conformable, permeable carrier tape including a hypoallergenic
pressure-sensitive adhesive, and incorporating as a part thereof a
resilient, absorbent foam pad of sufficient thickness to apply
light-therapeutic pressure to the eye to prevent nictation. The
resilient pad having an interlayer of absorbent non-woven web
material attached to the foam layer, and a non-adherent facing
bonded to said web material to prevent sticking of the pad to the
tissues when the bandage is in use.
Inventors: |
Sandvig; Timothy C. (Woodville,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
Company (St. Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
23879359 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/473,397 |
Filed: |
May 28, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
602/74 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/124 (20130101); A61F 13/0203 (20130101); A61F
2013/00982 (20130101); A61F 2013/00497 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/02 (20060101); A61F 13/12 (20060101); A61F
13/00 (20060101); A61F 005/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/97,163,156,132
;2/15 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Yasko; J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Alexander, Sell, Steldt &
DeLaHunt
Claims
1. An ophthalmic therapeutic pressure bandage comprising:
a. a conformable, permeable carrier tape comprising a backing and a
layer of hypoallergenic pressure-sensitive adhesive on one surface
thereof;
b. a multi-layer pad attached to said carrier tape on the surface
carrying the pressure-sensitive adhesive, said pad comprising:
i. an absorbent resilient foam material adjacent to the tape and
attached thereto by the pressure-sensitive adhesive;
ii. an interlayer of absorbent non-woven web material attached to
said foam material; and
iii. a porous, non-adherent facing attached to said web
material;
the multi-layer pad being of a shape and size to anatomically
conform to the cavity of the external eye and having thickness so
as to allow
2. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the tape
backing
3. The bandage in accordance with claim 2 wherein the elastomeric
foam
4. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the backing
comprises a
5. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the tape
backing
6. The bandage in accordance with claim 5 wherein the backing
comprises a
7. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the absorbent
resilient
8. The bandage in accordance with claim 7 wherein said foam
material
9. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the non-woven web
material is attached to the absorbent resilient foam material
by
10. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein said
non-adherent facing
11. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the carrier tape
islands the multi-layer pad leaving a sufficient pressure-sensitive
adhesive area exposed surrounding the pad so as to operculate the
eye socket when the
12. The bandage in accordance with claim 11 wherein the exposed
pressure-sensitive adhesive area of the carrier tape is covered
with a release liner, said release liner extending beyond the outer
edge of the carrier tape and has therein an aperture, said aperture
being slightly
13. The bandage in accordance with claim 1 wherein the backing
comprises a bonded non-woven web of polyester fibers, the absorbent
resilient foam material of said pad comprises open-cell foam and
the non-woven web material is attached to the resilient open-cell
foam material by needled-in fibers of the non-woven web material.
Description
This invention relates to dressings and bandage constructions, and,
particularly, to an ophthalmic therapeutic pressure bandage.
Many different kinds of eye bandage constructions and bandaging
procedures are commonly known. One of the problems with most known
eye bandaging procedures, however, is that they require a medical
professional to construct them on the patient, for example, U.S.
Pat. No. 3,300,786.
In many instances involving the need for an eye bandage, it is
preferable to apply light pressure to the eye. Not only is there a
therapeutic need for an absorbent bandage when injury is present,
but there is an even greater therapeutic value to the continual
application of gentle pressure to prevent undesirable nictation.
Application of such gentle pressure serves as a combined
psychological/physiological crutch which allows the bandaged eye to
rest immobilized. In the absence of such pressure, it is difficult
for the bandaged eye lid to resist coordinate movement with the
unbandaged eye.
Ophthalmic bandages known to the art have naturally included
absorbent pads, but these have usually consisted of pads of folded
gauze or cellulosic material. Not only were the gauze pads of
cumbersome dimension so that they applied uneven pressure, but by
nature, they tended to adhere to the eye so that removal was
difficult and traumatic. On the other hand, other prior art
bandages applied no pressure to the eye, U.S. Pat. No.
3,092,103.
The external backing of known prior art eye bandages are poorly
designed from both aesthetic and practical viewpoints.
Traditionally, this has consisted of a patch of gauze or cloth
surmounted by crossed strips of adhesive tape. This non-opercular
construction was not only uncomfortable, but often loosened or
became unadhered in places. Also, it presented psychological trauma
because of its conspicuousness. Children who had a need to wear
such a path for extended periods to strengthen the unbandaged eye
would frequently remove the patch to forestall gibes from their
peers. Such interruption of the usage delayed therapy.
An eye bandage has been found which does not have the
aforementioned drawbacks. It is an ophthalmic therapeutic pressure
bandage comprising: (a) a conformable permeable carrier tape
comprising a backing and a layer of hypoallergenic
pressure-sensitive adhesive on one surface thereof; (b) a
multi-layer pad attached to said surface of the tape carrying said
pressure-sensitive adhesive, said pad comprising: an absorbent
resilient foam material adjacent to said tape; an interlayer of an
absorbent non-woven web material attached to said foam material;
and a porous, non-adherent facing attached to the web material, the
multi-layer pad being of a shape, size and thickness so as to allow
sufficient pressure to be applied to an eye to prevent
nictation.
The light therapeutic pressure feature which prevents nictation is
provided by a multi-layer pad. The thwarting of nictation is
desirable when treating an occular malady such as a corneal
abrasion, an allergy or a microbial infection and is particularly
useful for post-operative therapy. It can prevent hemorrhages by
constricting capillaries. Another feature is that the pad protects
the treated area from injury caused by impact.
The present bandage is also useful as an aid in strengthening the
use of one eye as in amblyopia therapy. The present bandage is also
useful to protect the eye from ultraviolet exposure, for example,
when infants are being treated for the condition of
hyperbilirubinemia.
The structural advantages of the ophthalmic bandage can best be
described by reference to the drawings:
FIG. 1 which illustrates a bandage in use on a patient;
FIG. 2 which shows a view of the bandage as seen from below;
FIG. 3 which shows a sectional view along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
and
FIG. 4 which shows a sectional view illustrating the preferred
means of attaching the absorbent non-woven web material to the foam
pad by needled-in fibers.
FIG. 1 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the present
invention in use. An ophthalmic opercular therapeutic pressure
bandage 10 is shown completely enclosing the eye, thus excluding
dust, dirt and microbial invaders.
Referring to FIG. 3, an unused bandage 30 comprises a permeable,
conformable carrier tape 11 having an elastomeric backing 12 and a
layer of hypoallergenic pressure-sensitive adhesive 13. As noted,
the backing of the tape is elastomeric, which allows the
application of controlled pressure by stretching upon application.
However, non-elastomeric backing may be used. One preferred backing
is made of split foam, which is normally from 0.075 to 0.2 mm
thick.
Chemically blown foam is produced between two restraining sheets or
liners. Foam produced in such a manner, which is known to the art,
has an integral skin on both surfaces which have been in contact
with the liners. The foam is then split or slit through its center
producing two essentially identical thinner sheets of foam, each
having one skin surface and one slit surface. The slit surfaces are
characterized by a very open surface having essentially no
transverse cell walls and hence, very low reflectance.
Breathability or porosity is governed almost entirely by the skin
surface. Pressure-sensitive adhesive may then be applied to the
skin surface.
The preferred method of producing a split foam carrier tape
involves forming the foam between two liners which first have been
coated with a low adhesion backsize or release coating and then
with a hypoallergenic pressure-sensitive adhesive. When the foam is
formed between these adhesive-coated liners, the adhesive is
automatically adhered to the foam. This provides better bonding to
the foam and has some effect upon control of the desired
permeability of the foam skin.
The preferred split foam backing consists of a plasticized
polyvinyl chloride foam. The plasticizer is of the so-called
permanent, non-migrating, non-sensitizing type. The split foam
carrier tape is then elastic, pliable, conformable and yielding.
This is due to the skin of the foam which can be much thinner than
the usual plastic backing and, hence, more pliable, more
conformable, and more elastic, while at the same time, not having
sufficient elastic strength to constrict blood circulation under
the split-foam carrier tape because of its extreme thinness.
The exposed split surface of the foam is such as to have a minimum
of actual solid surface thereby providing for minimum reflectance
and minimum capacity for soiling and staining, thereby, providing a
surface of low visibility. It is, of course, obvious that said foam
may be colored to match various skin tones and hues as to further
reduce its contrast with the skin.
Another preferred backing 12 which is elastomeric is prepared from
polyester fibers approximately 40 mm long and 1.5 deniers which are
made into a web on a Garnett Carding Machine, model 74C-120,
Procter and Schwartz, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., or a Rando-Webber
Machine, Curlator, Inc., East Rochester, N.Y., or the like. See
Copeland, U.S. Pat. No. 3,121,021 for a detailed description of
this tape. The web is bonded with Elvace latex, an ethylene/acetate
copolymer from E. I. duPont deNemours and Co., Wilmington, Del. It
is coated with one of any of the adhesives described below.
Hypoallergenic adhesives are commonly known, such as the
polyurethanes described in Trancik, U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,071. Other
suitable adhesives are copolymers of a major amount of an acrylate
ester and a minor amount of acrylic acid. Suitable acrylate esters
include isoamyl acrylate, the acrylate ester of commercial fusel
oil, 2-ethylbutyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate and
the like as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. Re. 24,906 (Ulrich), issued
Dec., 1960, cf. Stow, U.S. Pat. No. 2,925,174, issued Feb., 1960.
As also taught in that patent, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid,
itaconic acid, acrylamide and methacrylamide can be used as
comonomers with the acrylate ester. The ratio of acrylic ester to
acrylic acid, or its equivalent, can be in the range of
92-96:8-4.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, a multi-layer pad 15 comprises an
absorbent resilient foam material 16, attached to the carrier tape
by pressure-sensitive adhesive 13, an interlayer of highly
absorbent non-woven web material 17 sandwiched between a porous
non-adherent facing 18 and the resilient foam 16. The non-woven web
material is attached to the foam 16 by gluing, heat bonding or the
like. The facing 18 is thermally attached to the non-woven web
material 17 by the method disclosed in Eldredge, U.S. Pat. No.
3,285,245.
The absorbent resilient foam 16 can be any absorbent resilient
lint-free foam such as polyurethane, polyether, polyester,
polyolefin, etc., which are commonly known. Preferably, the foam is
an open-cell foam. As noted, the foam must have a thickness and
compressive strength so as to provide enough pressure to prevent
nictation. Some control of the pressure on the eye can be had by
using an elastomeric carrier tape.
The multi-layer pad 15 including the foam 16 is anatomically shaped
to conform to the cavity of the external eye. As illustrated in
FIG. 2, the pad 15 is of unsymetrical oval shape, normally 50-75 mm
in length and 15-50 mm in width. The foam 16 portion is generally
from 10-20 mm thick. Pads of various sizes and shapes can be
provided to accommodate infants, children and adults. All layers of
pad 15 are lint free.
The absorbent non-woven web material 17 is made of fibers disclosed
in Eldredge, U.S. Pat. No. 3,285,245, such as absorbent cellulose
acetate, or rayon fibers. The web is made by known methods. This
layer is normally about 2 to 3 mm thick.
The porous non-adherent facing 18 is a release layer made of a
thermoplastic film made of organic polymer, such as polypropylene,
nylon, or polyethylene. It is inert and non-absorbent to eye
exudates. It is preferred to use a facing as described in Eldredge,
U.S. Pat. No. 3,285,245. Heat-sealing techniques of such films to
the non-woven web material 17 are also described in the Eldredge
patent.
Referring to FIG. 2, the pressure-sensitive adhesive 13 is covered
with a release liner 20 used to protect the exposed adhesive until
the bandage is used. The liner 20 extends beyond the outer edge of
the carrier tape to facilitate removal when ready for use. An
oversized pad-shaped aperture 21 is precut into the release liner
to facilitate removal from the tape. Any common release liner may
be used.
A preferred embodiment of the ophthalmic bandage 40 is illustrated
in FIG. 4. The absorbent web material is attached to the absorbent
resilient foam 26 by needling web fibers 29 into the foam with a
needle loom. These needle-like fibers 29 serve as minute wicks
which absorb and wick moisture and exudate away from the eye into
the absorbent foam. The absorbent foam 26 comprises a thicker layer
than the highly absorbent web interlayer 27 and serves as a sponge
to help keep the treated area relatively free of excess moisture
and exudate, and thereby help to promote healing. For example, in
the case where the treated area is an injured eye, one can readily
appreciate the advantages of wicking away the sticky, humid, muggy
eye exudate away from the eye. The facing 31, the carrier tape 32
comprising backing 33 and pressure-sensitive adhesive 34, and
release liner 35 of the bandage 40 are the same as those discussed
above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
The novel ophthalmic bandage of this invention is easily,
accurately, and securely applied by a medical professional or the
patients themselves.
* * * * *