U.S. patent number 3,908,487 [Application Number 05/466,970] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-30 for rotary hand tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Stanley Works. Invention is credited to Graeme Raymond Plaw.
United States Patent |
3,908,487 |
Plaw |
September 30, 1975 |
Rotary hand tool
Abstract
A screw-driver or like hand tool with functions in similar
fashion to a ratchet screw-driver. The shank is coupled to the
handle by a mechanism comprising a housing fitted to the handle, a
bore in the housing which is non-cylindrical to define three
channels spaced circumferentially of the shank and having outwardly
converging side walls and three rollers in rolling contact with the
handle end of the shank and disposed one within each end of the
channels. The rollers can be positioned so that on rotation of the
handle in one direction they are forced inwardly against the shank
by virtue of their engagement with the channels to couple the
handle and the shank, whereas on reverse rotation of the handle the
rollers are free to roll on the shank. The rollers can
alternatively be positioned for reverse operation of the
screw-driver.
Inventors: |
Plaw; Graeme Raymond
(Nunawading, AU) |
Assignee: |
The Stanley Works (New Britain,
CT)
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Family
ID: |
27156967 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/466,970 |
Filed: |
May 6, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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286342 |
Sep 5, 1972 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 10, 1971 [AU] |
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6254/71 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
81/59.1; D8/82;
192/44; 81/29 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
15/04 (20130101); B25B 13/462 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
15/04 (20060101); B25B 13/00 (20060101); B25B
13/46 (20060101); B25B 15/00 (20060101); B25B
013/46 (); B25B 015/04 (); B60M 001/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;81/59.1 ;145/70,75,76
;192/44,45 ;279/30 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Smith; Al Lawrence
Assistant Examiner: Smith; James G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Prutzman, Hayes, Kalb &
Chilton
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 286,342, filed Sept.
5, 1972, now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A rotary hand tool comprising an elongated tool shank with a
generally cylindrical coupling portion, a longitudinally extending
operating handle assembly supporting the tool shank for rotation
about the axis of the cylindrical coupling portion and having a
longitudinally extending handle member and a coupling mechanism for
selectively coupling the handle member to said coupling portion of
the tool shank for rotating the tool shank with the handle member,
the coupling mechanism comprising a plurality of rolling elements
angularly spaced about said generally cylindrical coupling portion
of the tool shank and in rolling contact therewith, a
longitudinally extending rigid cast housing mounted in the handle
member having an axially extending generally polygonal bore, a
generally polygonal hard thin metal tubular liner of generally
constant wall thickness throughout its extent conforming to and
secured within the generally polygonal bore of the cast housing to
define a generally polygonal chamber receiving the coupling portion
of the tool shank, the generally polygonal bore having a generally
polygonal cross-sectional configuration with a plurality of at
least as many rounded concave corners as the number of rolling
elements and the generally polygonal tubular liner having a
corresponding plurality of rounded concave corners defining
angularly spaced cavities about the coupling portion of the tool
shank loosely receiving individual rolling elements therein and
angularly spaced hard metal liner wedging surfaces for each rolling
element extending generally tangentially from the respective
rounded corner on opposite sides of the respective rolling element
for selective engagement with the rolling element for wedging it
against the generally cylindrical coupling portion of the tool
shank, and rolling elements positioning means comprising a collar
surrounding the elongated tool shank coaxially of the cast housing
and the tool shank and having an outer end portion at an outer end
of the cast housing bore and a tubular portion projecting from the
outer end portion inwardly of the bore and the liner, said tubular
portion being provided with detent means constantly interlocking
the collar to the cast housing for rotating the collar with the
housing, said detent means providing alternative first and second
detent positions, said collar in its first detent position holding
each rolling element relative to the respective liner wedging
surfaces for rotating the tool shank with the handle member in a
first angular direction only, said collar in its second detent
position holding each rolling element relative to the respective
liner wedging surfaces for rotating the tool shank with the handle
member in the reverse angular direction only.
2. The rotary hand tool of claim 1 wherein said thin metal liner
engages the bore with a press fit connection.
3. The rotary hand tool of claim 1 wherein the collar comprises a
rolling element positioning portion holding the rolling elements in
circumferentially spaced relationship about the coupling portion of
the tool shank in surface confronting relationship with alternative
wedging surfaces of the thin metal liner respectively, each rolling
element being held against the respective alternative angularly
spaced wedging surfaces of the liner with the positioning member in
its two alternative angular positions respectively.
4. The rotary hand tool of claim 3 wherein the cast housing bore
has a generally cylindrical section surrounding said tubular
portion of the collar, and wherein the detent means interlocks the
generally cylindrical section of the cast housing and the tubular
portion of the collar for holding the collar alternatively in its
said first and second angular positions relative to the handle
member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to rotary hand tools and has particular but
not exclusive application to screw drivers.
2. Description of Prior Art
One very common form of screw driver is the ratchet screw driver in
which the shank of the driver is coupled to the handle via a
ratchet mechanism which can be set so that when the handle is
rotated in one direction it will drive the shank but if rotated in
the reverse direction it will rotate freely on the shank. The
ratchet mechanism can alternatively be set so that the handle will
drive the shank when rotated in the reverse direction and will
rotate freely in the forward direction. The present invention
provides an alternative mechanism which provides these functions
but which can be more robust and reliable in operation than a
conventional ratchet mechanism. The mechanism of the present
invention is also relatively silent in operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there is provided a rotary hand tool
comprising a handle, a shank, and a coupling mechanism to couple
the handle to the shank, wherein there is associated with the
handle a pair of wall portions which converge in a direction away
from the axis of the shank and wherein the coupling mechanism
comprises a rolling element in rolling contact with the handle end
of the shank and located between said wall portions, and rolling
element positioning means conditionable alternatively to position
the rolling element against one or other of the wall portions, such
that when the roller is against one of said wall portions rotation
of the handle in one direction causes said one wall portion to bear
against the rolling element and force it inwardly against the shank
to provide a coupling action between the handle and the shank
whereas on reverse rotation of the handle the rolling element is
free to roll on the shank, and when the rolling element is against
the other wall portion rotation of the handle in the reverse
direction causes that other wall portion to bear against the
rolling element to force it inwardly against the shank to provide a
coupling action between the handle and shank whereas on rotation of
the handle in said one direction the rolling element is free to
roll on the shank.
Preferably, said rolling element is an elongate roller and said
wall portions define a channel extending longitudinally of the
shank.
More particularly, it is preferred that said channel is one of a
plurality of channels associated with the handle and spaced
circumferentially around the shank and said roller is one of a like
number of rollers disposed one to each of the channels. The rolling
element positioning means may then comprise a roller positioning
member holding the rollers in circumferentially spaced relationship
and rotatable about the handle end of the shank, and detent means
to hold the roller positioning member alternatively in one of two
rotational positions relative to the handle, each roller being held
against one side wall portion of the respective channel when the
roller holder member is in one of its rotational positions and
against the other channel side wall portion when the roller holder
member is in the other of its rotational positions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In order that the invention may be more fully explained, a
preferred form of screw driver will now be described in some detail
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-section through the screw
driver;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section on the line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are both cross-sections on the line 3--3 in FIG. 1
showing how the handle of the screw-driver can drive the stem in
one direction but will rotate freely in the reverse direction.
FIG. 5 is a further cross-section corresponding to that of FIG. 2
but shows a roller cage member of the screw driver moved relatively
to the handle to reverse the drive and free rotation
directions;
FIG. 6 is a further cross-section corresponding to that of FIGS. 3
and 4 but is taken with the screw driver in the same condition as
illustrated in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a broken elevation of an alternative type of shank which
could be fitted to the screw driver.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The illustrated screw driver comprises a handle assembly including
a handle member 6, a shank 7, and a mechanism 8 for coupling those
two parts together. Handle member 6, which is formed to a pistol
grip shape, may be moulded in a cellulose acetate or some other
plastics material. Shank 7 is in the form of a cylindrical metal
rod having a groove 9 adjacent one end to receive a retaining clip
11 and it is formed at its other end with a blade 12.
Mechanism 8 has a housing 14 which fits snugly into a stepped bore
in the handle member 6 and is permanently coupled to the handle
member. Housing 14, which may conveniently be die cast in zinc, has
a non-cylindrical central bore into which a correspondingly formed
mild steel liner 16 is pressed. The thus lined part of the bore
departs from cylindrical shape such that three longitudinally
extending channels are formed at equal intervals around its
circumference. More particularly, the inner peripheral surface of
the lined bore departs outwardly from a cylindrical surface at
three positions around its circumference to define the channels 17,
which have outwardly converging side wall portions 17A, 17B. Three
rollers 18 are disposed within the lined body bore. These rollers
make rolling contact with the inner end of shank 7 and are held
spaced around the shank by a roller positioning member 19 such that
one roller engages each of the internal lobes 17 of the lined bore
in the body 14.
Roller positioning member 19 comprises a relatively solid outer
part 21 and a relatively thin-walled tubular inner part 22 in which
slots 23 are formed to receive the rollers 18 so that part 22
serves as a roller cage. The extreme outer part of the roller
positioning member has a flange 24 which forms an end capping to
the handle 6. As will shortly be explained, the coupling mechanism
is set by rotation of the roller cage relative to the handle and
the outer periphery of the flange 24 may be serrated or knurled so
that it can be firmly gripped.
In the plane on which the cross-section of FIG. 2 is taken roller
cage portion 21 has two generally oppositely disposed
circumferential slots 26, 27. Slot 26 receives the inner end of a
retaining pin 28 which extends through a hole in body 14 and is
held in position by a circumferential retaining spring 29 fitted
around the outer end of the body 14. Retainer pin 28 locates roller
cage 19 with respect to body 14 in the axial direction but the cage
and body can be rotated relative to one another through about
65.degree.. During such relative rotation pin 28 will traverse the
length of slot 26 and at the same time a detent ball 31 disposed in
a hole 32 in body 14 will traverse the opposite groove 27. The root
of groove 27 is raised or humped at 33 between its ends so that in
passing from one end of its groove to the other the ball must force
the retaining spring 29 outwardly in order to traverse the hump 33.
Thus ball 31 and groove 27 provide a detent action whereby the cage
member 19 will be held in position at either of its extremes of
rotation relative to the body 14.
When the roller positioning member 19 is in the rotational position
shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 (i.e. rotated anticlockwise relative to
the handle and body 14 when seen in the direction of those views)
the rollers 18 are disposed against the channel wall portions 17A
which extend back in the anti-clockwise direction from the apices
of the internal lobes.
If the handle 6 and body 14 are then rotated in the clockwise
direction as indicated by arrow 34 in FIG. 3, channel wall portions
17A bear against rollers 18 and force them inwardly against the
inner end of shank 7. The inward forces on rollers 18 are quite
sufficient to cause the rollers to grip shank 7 and to drive it
with the handle 6 and body 14. If, however, the handle is rotated
in the reverse direction indicated by the broken arrow 36 in FIG. 4
the body line 17 does not bear against the rollers 18 which
therefore are not forced inwardly and simply roll on the shank 7 so
that the handle will rotate freely about the shank. Thus the
screw-driver can be used to drive a screw in exactly the same
fashion as a conventional ratchet screw driver but it will be
substantially silent in operation.
By rotating the roller cage member 19 through 65.degree. relative
to the handle 6 and body 14 in the clockwise direction the detent
ball 31 is moved to the other end of the detent slot 37 as shown in
FIG. 5, and the rollers 18 are displaced across the three channels
17 to engage wall portions 17B which extend from the apices in the
clockwise direction as shown in FIG. 6. The operation of the
mechanism will then be reversed in that rotation of the handle in
the anti-clockwise direction will cause channel wall portions 17B
to bear against the rollers and cause them to grip the shank 7
whereas on clockwise rotation the handle will rotate freely about
the shank.
The rollers are conveniently formed from hardened steel rod and the
liner 16 may be formed of case hardened mild steel tubing to
provide a hard wearing surface. Roller positioning member 19 may be
moulded from a plastics material. Nylon is particularly suitable
since it is tough and will slide easily over adjacent surfaces of
other parts.
FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative form of shank 41 which could be
fitted to the screw driver in place of the shank 7. It is similar
to shank 7, having a groove 42 adjacent one end to receive the
retaining clip 11 but it has a different type of blade tip 43.
It has been found that the inward forces on the roller generated by
the wedging action on the channel wall portions are quite
sufficient to provide a very strong coupling between the handle and
the shank and the illustrated screw driver is very positive in
operation. It is also of very robust construction and has fewer
parts than a conventional ratchet mechanism. Conventional ratchet
mechanisms comprise pinions and pawls and their effective life is
often determined by pinion failure. It is anticipated that the
illustrated construction will provide much longer service. This
construction has, however, been advanced by way of example only and
many modifications could be made to it. For example, it is not
essential that the coupling mechanism have three channels and
respective rollers. The number of channels and rollers could
readily be increased and it would also be possible to devise a
construction with as little as one channel and roller set. It would
also be feasible to substitute balls for the rollers and in this
case the channels might be replaced by recesses of generally
hemispherical or other convenient shape.
The form of the handle and the means for indexing the position of
the rollers could, of course, be readily varied. Moreover the
invention is not limited to the construction of screw drivers and
can be applied to other hand tools. The outer end of the shank
could, for example, be adapted to receive spanner sockets. It is
accordingly to be understood that the invention is in no way
limited to the illustrated constructional details and that many
variations will fall within the scope of the appended claims .
* * * * *