U.S. patent number 3,906,910 [Application Number 05/353,579] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-23 for carburetor with feedback means and system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Colt Industries Operating Corporation. Invention is credited to Emil Szlaga, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,906,910 |
Szlaga, Jr. |
September 23, 1975 |
Carburetor with feedback means and system
Abstract
A carburetor having a fuel metering restriction is provided with
air bleed valving means for varying the pressure at one side of the
metering restriction to thereby change the metering pressure
differential across the metering restriction and consequently vary
the fuel-air ratio of the combustible mixture discharged by the
carburetor to reflect changes in engine operating parameters.
Inventors: |
Szlaga, Jr.; Emil (Sterling
Heights, MI) |
Assignee: |
Colt Industries Operating
Corporation (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23389739 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/353,579 |
Filed: |
April 23, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/677;
123/198DB; 123/701; 261/50.2; 261/121.4; 60/276; 123/684; 261/39.2;
261/51 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02M
7/24 (20130101); F02D 35/0061 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02M
7/24 (20060101); F02D 35/00 (20060101); F02M
7/00 (20060101); F02M 011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;261/121B,5A
;123/139AW,14MC,32EA,97B,127,119R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Burns; Wendell E.
Assistant Examiner: Cranson, Jr.; James Winthrop
Claims
I claim:
1. In a carburetor type fuel metering device, for an internal
combustion engine, of the type having induction passage means with
venturi means carried therein for creating a reduced first pressure
proportional to the square of the flow of air therethrough, a fuel
bowl, a fuel passage between the fuel bowl and an orifice for
discharging fuel adjacent the venturi and a throttle valve disposed
in the inducation passage downstream from the venturi means for
controlling the flow of a fuel-air mixture to the engine and
wherein said first pressure is employed in combination with a
relatively high, substantially atmospheric second pressure in the
fuel bowl as the only means for causing metered main fuel to flow
to said induction passage means, said device being free of main
fuel flow pressurizing means for pressurizing main fuel at
pressures appreciably above atmospheric pressure, the improvement
of providing additional means responsive to indicia of engine
operation, said additional means being effective for at times
modifying the effective magnitude of said first pressure in
response to said indicia of engine operation in order to thereby
correspondingly modify the effect of said first pressure on the
rate of metered fuel flow and thereby cause said rate of metered
fuel flow, at any air flow during such modification of the effect
of said first pressure, to be reflective of said indicia of engine
operation.
2. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to conditions of engine
deceleration.
3. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to conditions of engine speed.
4. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to conditions indicative of engine
shut-down.
5. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to conditions of engine intake manifold
pressure.
6. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to the presence of oxygen within the
exhaust gases of said engine.
7. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to conditions of engine deceleration and
engine speed.
8. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to conditions of engine deceleration,
engine speed and engine shut-down.
9. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said indicia
comprises means responsive to conditions of engine deceleration,
engine speed, engine shut-down and the presence of oxygen within
the exhaust gases of said engine.
10. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said
indicia comprises means responsive to atmospheric pressure.
11. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 and further
comprising further manually adjustable means for manually modifying
the effective magnitude of said first pressure.
12. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said
additional means comprises air-bleed means communicating generally
between a source of relatively high pressure air and the vicinity
in which said first pressure exists.
13. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said
additional means comprises air-bleed means communicating generally
between a source of relatively high pressure air and the vicinity
in which said first pressure exists, and valving means responsive
to said indicia of engine operation for variably opening and
closing said air-bleed means generally in accordance with said
indicia of engine operation.
14. A fuel metering device according to claim 1 wherein said
venturi means comprises variable venturi means.
15. A carburetor for an internal combustion engine, comprising body
means, induction passage means with a venturi restriction formed
through said body means and having air inlet means formed at one
end thereof and outlet means formed at another end thereof, a
throttle valve disposed in said inducation passage downstream from
said venturi restriction, first means for creating a fuel metering
pressure by creating a first relatively low metering pressure of
variable magnitude proportional to the square of the velocity of
flow of air through said induction passage venturi restriction
means, fuel metering means communicating between a source of fuel
and said induction passage means, said fuel metering means being so
positioned as to have one end thereof generally exposed to said
fuel metering pressure in order to in response to the magnitude
thereof cause a metered rate of fuel flow to said inducation
passage means, said carburetor being free of fuel pressurizing
means for pressuring said main fuel at pressures appreciably above
atmospheric pressure, and air bleed means communicating generally
between a source of relatively high, substantially atmospheric
pressure air and said one end of said fuel metering means, said air
bleed means being effective to bleed said high pressure air in
order to effectively increase the magnitude of said fuel metering
pressure, thereby decreasing the metering depression, without
modifying the magnitude of said first relatively low pressure and
thereby reduce the rate of metered fuel flow to said induction
passage.
16. A carburetor according to claim 15, wherein said first means
comprises variably openable venturi means.
17. A carburetor according to claim 15, wherein said first means
comprises variably openable venturi means operatively connected to
throttle valve means situated in said induction passage means
downstream thereof.
18. A carburetor according to claim 15, wherein said first means
comprises fixed venturi means.
19. A carburetor according to claim 15, wherein said air bleed
means comprises variably openable air bleed passage means the
effective opening of which is controlled generally in response to
atmospheric pressure.
20. A carburetor according to claim 15, wherein said air bleed
means comprises variably openable air bleed means the effective
opening of which is controlled generally in response to the degree
of presence of oxygen in exhaust gases of said engine.
21. A carburetor according to claim 15, wherein said air bleed
means comprises openable air bleed means the opening of which is
controlled in response to conditions of engine deceleration.
22. A carburetor according to claim 15, wherein said air bleed
means comprises openable air bleed means the opening of which is
controlled in response to engine speed.
23. In a carburetor type fuel metering system, for an internal
combustion engine, wherein fuel is metered through calibrated
restriction means from a source of fuel to induction passage means
communicating with said engine, wherein a first relatively high,
substantially atmospheric pressure is applied to said source of
fuel, wherein a second relatively low, subatmospheric pressure of
variable magnitude is created to be indicative of the air flowing
to said engine, and wherein the difference in magnitudes between
said first and second pressures is employed for creating a fuel
metering pressure differential generally across said source of fuel
and said calibrated restriction means causing metered fuel flow,
the improvement of forming chamber-like means generally downstream
of said calibrated restriction means and at least at times variably
bleeding air thereto so as to thereby create a third pressure
within said chamber-like means with said third pressure being
greater in magnitude than said second pressure, and means
responsive to conditions of engine operation for controlling the
degree of such air bled to said chamber-like means.
24. A fuel metering system according to claim 23 wherein said
calibrated restriction means comprises a portion of the idle fuel
delivery system of a carburetor structure.
25. In an internal combustion engine carburetor of the type having
induction passage means, associated fuel reservoir means containing
fuel to be metered into said induction passage means, venturi means
defined within said induction passage means for creating a first
pressure of relatively reduced magnitude in response to the flow of
air therethrough and a throttle valve disposed downstream of the
venturi means, and wherein said first pressure is employed for
creating a fuel-metering pressure differential generally across
said fuel within said fuel reservoir means to thereby cause a
corresponding rate of metered flow of said fuel into said induction
passage means, the improvement of providing additional means
responsive to indicia of engine operation, said additional means
being effective for at times effectively modifying the magnitude of
said first pressure in response to said indicia of engine operation
in order to thereby correspondingly modify the magnitude of said
fuel-metering pressure differential and thereby correspondingly
alter said rate of metered flow of said fuel into said induction
passage means even during conditions of engine operation wherein
the rate of flow of air through said induction passage means has
remained substantially constant.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Because of recent governmental regulations relating to engine
exhaust emissions, the automotive industry generally has been
considering, to an ever increasing degree, the use of very
expensive and complicated fuel metering systems, including various
forms of fuel injection systems. This has been done with the belief
that such injection systems are the only means which can be made
responsive to various engine operating parameters for, in turn,
varying the fuel-air ratio of the mixture supplied to the engine in
response to such operating parameters.
The invention as herein disclosed and described is primarily
concerned with the general problem of being able to very closely
and accurately meter the rate of flow of fuel and to vary such rate
in response to atmospheric variations as well as engine operating
parameters and more specifically to providing, by comparison, such
means within a carbureting structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, a carburetor for an internal combustion
engine has induction passage means with air inlet means at one end
thereof and outlet means at another end thereof, fuel supply and
metering means communicating between a source of fuel and said
induction passage means, and air bleed means (referred to as the
dry system) effective for varying the pressure differential across
said metering means to alter the rate of flow of fuel
therethrough.
Various general and specific objects and advantages of the
invention will become apparent when reference is made to the
following detailed description, considered in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, wherein for purposes of clarity certain details
and elements may be omitted:
FIG. 1 is somewhat a diagrammatic representation of an internal
combustion engine equipped with a carburetor embodying the
teachings of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a variable venturi
type carburetor constructed in accordance with the teachings of the
invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph depicting venturi vacuum compared to the rate of
air flow;
FIG. 4 is a graph depicting the fuel-air ratio (with fuel in terms
of pounds and air in terms of cubic feet) compared to the rate of
air flow in cubic feet;
FIG. 5 is a graph depicting the fuel-air ratio (with fuel in terms
of pounds and air in terms of pounds) compared to the rate of air
flow;
FIG. 6 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a fixed venturi
type carburetor constructed in accordance with the invention;
and
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the metering concept of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now in greater detail to the drawings, FIG. 1, partly in
schematic and partly in simplified pictorial, illustrates an
internal combustion engine 10 having an intake manifold 12, with a
carbureting structure 14 mounted thereatop, a multi-speed power
output transmission assembly 16, and an exhaust system 18
comprising an exhaust manifold 20, exhaust conduit means 22, 24 and
26 with a reduction-type reactor 28 and an oxidizing reactor 30
serially situated therein. An oxygen sensor and transducer 32 may
be placed in communication with exhaust conduit means 22, while
engine speed sensing and transducer means 34 may be driven as by
any suitable transmission means 36.
The carburetor structure 14 as shown in FIG. 2, is illustrated as
comprising a body or housing means 38 with an induction passage 40
formed therethrough with such induction passage 40 having an air
inlet end 42 and an outlet or discharge end 44 leading to an inlet
46 of the interior 48 of the intake manifold 12 of the associated
internal combustion engine 10. A variably positionable throttle
valve 50, mounted as on a throttle shaft 52 for pivotal rotation
therewith, is situated within the induction passage and effective
for controlling the flow of motive fluid or combustible mixture
from said induction passage 40 into the intake passage 48 of
manifold 12. Generally, such combustible mixture will, of course,
be comprised of atmospheric air admitted into inlet end 42 and fuel
supplied to the induction passage 40 from an associated fuel
reservoir or fuel bowl assembly 54.
The fuel bowl assembly 54 is illustrated as comprising a suitable
bowl or housing structure 56 which may contain a float member 58
controlling an associated fuel inlet needle valve assembly (not
shown but well known in the prior art) so as to maintain the level
of the fuel 60 within the bowl 56 at a preselected level as at
62.
As illustrated, a variable venturi may be comprised of a variably
positionable venturi plate 64 which may be fixedly secured as by
fastener means 66 and 68 to an internally disposed arm 70 which, in
turn, is fixedly secured to a rotatable shaft 72 journalled in the
housing means 38. The venturi arrangement may be such as to define
a generally rectangular opening at the throat of the variable
venturi when viewed, for example, in the direction of arrow 74. In
fact, opposite walls, one of which is shown at 76, may define flat
planar surfaces permitting the variable or movable venturi plate 64
to be closely received therebetween for swingable motion about the
centerline of rod or shaft 72. Such flat or planar surfaces would
preferably terminate as at a boundary line 78 from which the
portion of the induction passage means 40 downstream may
transitionally change configuration until it became circular to
accommodate a generally circular throttle valve 50 if such
configuration thereof is employed.
A second lever 80, which may be situated generally outboard of the
housing means 38, is fixedly secured as at one end to shaft 72 for
rotation therewith and has its swingable arm portion connected as
to linkage means or rods 82 and 84. Rod 84 comprises a portion of a
dashpot assembly 86 which is illustrated as having an internal
cylindrical chamber 88 containing therein a suitable fluid and a
slidable piston member 90 through which the rod 84 freely extends
as to be abutingly engageable therewith at its lower portion 92. A
compression spring 94 also contained within chamber 88 continually
resiliently urges piston 90 downwardly. Suitable sealing means such
as at 96 may be provided for preventing the escape of damping fluid
from chamber 88. Generally, as piston 90 is moved upwardly by rod
84, the fluid in chamber 88 above the piston 90 is forced to a
position below the piston 90. This may be done as by calibrated
bleed means 98 formed through piston 90 or any other such
equivalent means well known in the art.
A lever 100 suitably fixedly secured to throttle shaft 52, for
rotation therewith, is operatively connected to motion transmitting
linkage means 102 leading to, for example, the vehicle operator's
foot-controlled throttle pedal 103 so that when moved in the
direction of arrow 104 the throttle valve 50 is moved
counter-clockwise in the opening direction about the centerline of
throttle shaft 52.
A second lever 106 mounted on throttle shaft 52 in a manner
permitting free relative angular motion with respect to and about
shaft 52, has an arm portion 108 pivotally connected to linkage 82.
Levers 100 and 106, in turn, respectively have arm portions 110 and
112 which carry generally transversely extending abutment portions
114 and 116. A torsion spring 118, having its main coil generally
about shaft 52, has its arms 120 and 122 respectively operatively
engaged with lever arm portions 110 and 112 as to thereby normally
resiliently maintain abutments 114 and 116 engaged with each other
resulting in unitary motion of levers 100 and 106.
Suitable vent passage means 124 has a first end 126 communicating
with a suitable source of atmospheric pressure (or some source
indicative of such atmospheric pressure), and has its other end 128
communicating with the interior 140 of the fuel bowl 56.
Fuel delivery and metering means is illustrated as preferably
comprising passage or conduit means 130 communicating with the fuel
bowl 56 as at 132 and with a second generally transversely disposed
fuel delivery conduit means 134 which has an end 138 communicating
with induction passage 40 preferably at a point immediately
downstream of venturi throat portion 136 of a fixed venturi section
137.
Calibrated passage or orifice means 142, provided in conduit means
134, may be suitably contoured so as to cooperate with a contoured
metering portion 144 of a needle-like valve member 146 which may be
pivotally secured as by a pivot member 148 to the movable venturi
plate or section 64 as within a recess 150 formed therein.
General Operation of Carburetor Thus Far Described
The operation of the carburetor 14 is generally as follows. That
is, if it is assumed that the associated engine is operating, as
foot throttle pedal 103 is moved counter-clockwise about pivot 105
linkage 102 is moved to the right causing levers 100 and 106, shaft
52 and throttle valve 50 to rotate generally counter-clockwise
about the centerline of shaft 50 in the throttle valve opening
direction. Such opening movement or motion is transmitted via
cooperating linkage means 82 to lever 80 which rotates generally
counter-clockwise about the centerline of shaft 72 causing
corresponding motion of lever 70 and movable venturi means 64.
As lever 80 is thusly rotated counter-clockwise, stem or linkage 84
moves dashpot piston 90 upwardly through the fluid medium in
chamber 88 forcing such fluid medium to pass through the calibrated
passage means 98. If the rate of rotation of lever 100 is in excess
of a predetermined rate, the resistance to flow of fluid medium
through passage means 98 will be sufficient to retard the rate of
upward movement of piston 90 to the degree resulting in the actual
rate of rotation of lever 80 and variable venturi plate 64 being
less than the rate of rotation of throttle lever 100. If this
condition is achieved as, for example, during requests for rapid
engine acceleration or increased output power of the engine,
abutment portions 114 and 116 of levers 100 and 106 will
momentarily separate from each other against the resistance of
spring 118 and will subsequently return to their abutting condition
once sufficient travel of linkage 82 and lever 80 is permitted by
the time delay or dashpot means 86.
Such time delay means 86 is preferably provided to overcome a
condition which may be referred to as fuel lag. That is, between
the fuel and air, fuel has a greater density and therefore greater
inertia. Consequently, if the venturi plate 64 were to be rapidly
opened, the volume rate of air flow would respond to the newly
indicated desired rate of air flow much more rapidly than would the
fuel. If this were to occur, the ratio of the fuel-air mixture
might well become too lean (in terms of fuel) causing improper
engine operation. Accordingly, by providing such time-delay means
76, a maximum rate of opening movement of variable venturi plate 64
is established as to make sure that the fuel flow will have
sufficient time to correspondingly respond to the indicated change
in demand for rate of fuel flow.
Obviously, as throttle valve 50 is rotated clockwise toward the
more nearly closed throttle position, lever 80 will positively
follow such movement because stem 84 may slide relatively to piston
90, regardless of the resistance experienced by piston 90; this, in
turn, causes corresponding positive movement of variable venturi
plate 64. Accordingly, it can be seen that under rapid throttle
opening conditions the venturi opening lags the throttle opening
which eliminates the need for an acceleration pump.
As should be evident, generally, the rate of fuel flow from fuel
bowl 56 to the induction passage 40 (as from the discharge orifice
or nozzle means 138) is primarily dependent upon the metering
pressure differential .DELTA.P (often referred to as metering
depression) determined by the difference of P.sub.b - P.sub.v where
P.sub.b is the pressure above the fuel 60 within fuel bowl 56 and
P.sub.v is the effective pressure (often referred to as venturi
vacuum) in the induction passage 40 at or slightly downstream of
the venturi throat as generally depicted by the variable dimension,
D. (For purposes of discussion, although in some applications this
may not be the case, P.sub.b will be assumed to be completely
equivalent to atmospheric pressure P.sub.o.)
Unlike a carburetor having a fixed venturi throat dimension
whereby, generally, a change in the volume rate of air flow
therethrough produces a correlated change in the value of the
venturi vacuum, a carburetor having a variable venturi does not
exhibit such characteristics.
For example, in fixed venturi carburetors, the venturi vacuum or
reduced pressure generated at the venturi throat is actually
dependent on the velocity of flow of air through such venturi
throat. However, in reality, because of the fact that the venturi
throat is of a permanently fixed dimension (and therefore of a
fixed flow area), such rate of flow of air is usually referred to
in terms of a volume rate of flow because the rate of flow of air
described in either terms of volume rate of flow or velocity rate
of flow is the same since velocity and volume are directly
related.
However, in a carburetor employing a variable venturi, the venturi
throat area is variable in accordance with the variable dimension,
D. Therefore, the velocity rate of flow of air through the variable
venturi throat is not directly related to the volume rate of flow
of air at all positions of the movable venturi plate 64.
Accordingly, it can be seen that where in a carburetor of a fixed
venturi the generated venturi vacuum is proportional to the square
of the volume rate of air flow through the induction passage, in a
carburetor having a variable venturi no such relationship exists
because the size of the variable venturi throat is variably
openable.
In carburetor assembly 14, the movable venturi plate 64 is placed
at a relatively close distance with respect to the fixed venturi
section 137 during idle engine operation (as for purposes of
illustration might be considered to be depicted by the positions of
the various elements hereinbefore referred to and shown in FIG. 2)
to thereby create a metering vacuum or pressure P.sub.v sufficient
to cause metered fuel flow through passage means 130 and 134 into
the induction passage 40 even though the volume rate of air flow at
this condition of engine operation is, relatively, very small. By
thusly closely spacing the movable venturi plate 64, the small
volume rate of air flow, during idle engine operation, is caused to
sufficiently accelerate through the venturi throat resulting in the
necessary venturi vacuum being generated.
FIG. 3 graphically depicts characteristic curves, of a fixed
venturi carburetor and a variable venturi carburetor, attained by
plotting the generated venturi vacuum against the volume rate of
air flow in each of said carburetors. Curve A represents the curve
characteristically developed by a fixed venturi carburetor while
curve B characteristically represents a curve developed by a
variable venturi carburetor.
From an inspection of the graph of FIG. 3, it can be seen that
curves A and B, which of course must each originate at the zero
point, intersect at a point 150. Further, if vertical dash-line 152
is assumed to represent a typical air flow for a particular engine
at curb-idle operation, it can be seen that line 152 intersects
curves B and A respectively at points 154 and 156 and that point
154 represents a substantially greater magnitude of generated
venturi vacuum than that represented by point 156. It is also
apparent that for all values of air flow between line 152 and point
150, curve B represents venturi vacuum values greater than those
vacuum values represented by corresponding portion of curve A.
Consequently, since such high vacuum values are not necessary
during that range of engine operation, the effect thereof is
reduced by varying (in fact reducing) the effective metering
orifice area by cooperating valving means 142 and 144 with valving
member 146 being positioned by the venturi plate 64 so as to,
generally, more nearly reduce the effective flow area through
orifice 152 as the venturi plate 64 more nearly approaches fixed
venturi section 137.
This, of course, means that the effect of the actual vacuum
generated at the venturi throat is to that degree diminished as a
factor in the rate of metered fuel flow discharged at the nozzle
means or discharge orifice 138. Further, as the venturi plate 64 is
opened, the actual volume rate of air flow through the venturi
throat may actually increase by a factor substantially greater than
the resulting venturi vacuum. Therefore, in order to compensate for
such a diverse relationship, metering surface 144 is moved further
to the right as to provide for a greater effective fluid flow area
as between orifice 142 and metering rod surface 144 thereby
properly increasing the rate of metered fuel flow therethrough even
though the magnitude of the actually generated venturi vacuum may
not have greatly increased.
The preceding discloses the general nature of operation of the
carburetor assembly 14 without regard to the control or modifying
means generally depicted at 160 and as if the conduit or passage
means 162 were non-existant.
Description of Modifying Means 160
With reference to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the control means 160
may be comprised of a housing portion 164 containing various
control means such as solenoid operated valve assemblies 166, 168
and 170 along with manually positionable adjusting means 172 and
ambient pressure responsive means 174.
Solenoid valving assembly 166 may be of the two-position type
comprising housing means 176, containing solenoid means having
electrical terminals 178 and 180. The housing means 176 may be
threadably engaged as at 182 with housing portion 164 in a manner
placing stem and valve portion 184 in closed position against
conduit means 186 so as to thereby prevent communication between
conduit means 186 and chamber 188 which generally contains valve
184.
Solenoid valving assembly 168 may be of the proportional type,
wherein movement of the associated valving member is generally
proportional to the strength of the signal applied to the solenoid
portion thereof, comprising housing means 190, containing solenoid
means having electrical terminals 192 and 194. The housing means
190 may be threadably engaged as at 196 with housing portion 164 in
a manner placing valving portion 198 in closed position against
conduit means 200 so as to thereby prevent communication between
conduit means 200 and chamber 202 which generally contains valving
means 198.
Solenoid valving assembly 170 may be of the two-position type
comprising housing means 204 containing solenoid means having
electrical terminals 206 and 208. The housing means 204 may be
threadably engaged as at 210 with housing portion 164 in a manner
placing stem and valve portion 212 in closed position against
conduit means 214 so as to thereby prevent communication between
conduit means 214 and chamber 216 which generally contains valving
means 212.
As can be seen the various chambers 216, 202 and 188 may be
interconnected as by conduit means 218 and 220 ultimately leading
to conduit means 222 which, as at 224, is in communication with the
ambient atmosphere or a suitable source related thereto.
While the power source for the solenoids is not shown, this is well
known in the art and may comprise the vehicle battery.
The manually adjustable means 172 is illustrated as comprising a
threadably axially adjustable body 226 carrying therewith a valving
portion 228 adapted to cooperate as with a seat portion 230 to vary
the effective flow area as between a chamber portion 232 and
conduit means 234. As shown, chamber 232 is in communication with
ambient atmosphere as by means of conduit portion 236 while conduit
means 234 is in communication with conduit means 162, 186, 200 annd
214 as well as with conduit means 238 leading generally to the
altitude responsive means 174.
The ambient pressure and altitude responsive means 174 may be
comprised of a threadably axially adjustable evacuated bellows
assembly 240, situated as within a chamber 242, having one end 244
threadably secured to housing portion 164 and another end 246
operatively connected to a lever means 248 having one end pivotally
secured as at 250 and another end 252 swingable and operatively
connected to a valving member 254 slidable within guide passage
256.
Valving member 254 may include a body 258 of generally diamond
shape, in transverse cross-section, thereby permitting unrestricted
flow therepast. A valving portion 260 is adapted to cooperate with
a suitable seat 262 to control the flow therebetween and through
conduit means 238. Chamber 242 may be suitably vented to the
ambient atmosphere as by vent means 264.
As will be noted, conduit means 162 at one end communicates with
conduit means 234 while at its other end it communicates with an
area generally forwardly of the calibrated orifice means 142. Such
area may be determined as by a chamber-like portion 266 generally
between calibrated orifice means 142 and discharge orifice means
138.
General Operation of Invention as Shown in FIG. 2
If it is first assumed that valves 260, 228, 184, 198 and 212 are
all closed, it can be seen that during operation of the engine the
value of the variable pressure P.sub.c within chamber 266 will be
substantially equal to the value of the variable pressure P.sub.v
generated in the venturi throat and would follow curve B of FIG. 3.
Further, this particular assumed condition would result in a first
fuel-air ratio generally depicted as by curve 270 of FIG. 4 wherein
vertical line 272 corresponds to line 152 of FIG. 3.
Now, let it be assumed that manually adjustable valve means 172 is
opened to some degree. Because of this the relatively high pressure
P.sub.o will cause air to flow from 224, through 236, 232, conduit
means 234 and 162 into chamber 266 thereby effectively increasing
the value of pressure P.sub.c and effectively reducing the effect
of the generated venturi vacuum. This, of course, causes a
reduction in the metering depression (now determined by the
difference of P.sub.b - P.sub.c) and consequently a reduction in
the rate of metered fuel flow through orifice means 142 even though
the rate of air flow has remained the same. Under this second
assumed condition of operation the resulting fuel-air ratio would
be reduced or made leaner (in terms of fuel) and might be
represented or depicted as by curve or line 274 of FIG. 4. Further,
for sake of general illustration, the value of P.sub.c may be
depicted generally by the dash-line curve 276 of FIG. 3 because, as
far as the actual effective flow area of orifice means 142 is
concerned, it is lead to believe that the actual sensed value of
P.sub.c is actually the generated venturi pressure.
Accordingly, in view of the above, it can be seen that as more air
is bled into chamber 266, the leaner the fuel-air ratio of the
resulting mixture. One immediate benefit of such an arrangement is
that it makes it possible (and cost-wise very practical) for a
manufacturer of carburetors to produce what might be referred to as
carburetors having a standard fuel-air ratio mixture delivery as
depicted by curve or line 270 and then having the engine
manufacturer (or some such customer) manually adjust the degree of
air bleed permitted through means 172 as to reduce the fuel-air
ratio of the mixture to suit the requirements of any and all
associated engines. (Of course, this could also be done by the
carburetor manufacturer to meet customer specifications. However,
the point is that the carburetor, basically, could be a standard
type structure.)
Now, if the fuel-air ratio is determined in terms of weight-rate of
flow of fuel and volume-rate of flow of air, as in the graph of
FIG. 4, it becomes apparent that with diminished atmospheric
pressure as by an increase in altitude the density of the air
flowing through the induction passage 40 is decreased therefor
requiring a reduction in the rate of metered fuel flow even though
the generated venturi vacuum may ordinarily indicate otherwise.
That is, as compared to, for example, a sea-level fuel-air ratio
curve 274, the required or proper fuel-air ratio curve at some
increased elevation may be as indicated by the dash-line curve
278.
This is achieved by bellows 240 axially elongating, in response to
the decrease in value of pressure P.sub.o, and consequently moving
valve member 254 downwardly opening, to some degree, the effective
flow or bleed area through orifice means 262. As this happens
atmospheric air is bled through conduit means 264, chamber 242,
past valve 254, through orifice means 262, and conduit means 238,
234, 162 into chamber 266 causing an increase in the value of
pressure P.sub.c as compared to the actual value of the generated
venturi pressure P.sub.v. Again, as a consequence of the above, a
reduction in the rate of metered fuel flow through orifice means
142 occurs as compared to the rate of metered fuel flow which would
occur if the actual value of P.sub.v were applied to the low
pressure side of orifice means 142. Such a controlled or modified
value of pressure P.sub.c could be considered for example as being
a "false" type of venturi vacuum and depending on the degree of
opening or air bleed could be depicted, for example, as being a
surce such as at 276 or 280 or even any of the other
proportional-type curves of FIG. 3 which are less than curve B.
In the embodiment illustrated, valving means 168 is like 174 in the
respect that each are proportional type means capable of
progressively varying the degree of air bleed in accordance with a
predetermined schedule or input parameters. However, as also shown,
in the preferred embodiment valving means 166 and 170 are of the
on-off type providing only for either a closed or opened air bleed
condition. The effect of such air bleed through any or all of such
valving or control means is as described in detail with reference
to means 172 and 174.
Operation of Invention Within a Typical Environment
For ease of reference, FIG. 1 includes fragmentarily illustrated
valving means 166, 168 and 170. Speed sensing and responsive means
34 is effective for producing a signal, N, along suitable
signal-conveying transmission means 282 leading to suitable related
transducer means 284. Upon the proper value or magnitude of signal
N being generated, transducer means 284 becomes effective, as via
conductor means 286, for energizing valving means 166 so as to
thereby move valving member 184 (FIG. 2) to the left opening
air-bleed passage 186.
Similarly, the oxygen sensor means 32 may continually provide a
signal, O, along suitable signal-conveying transmission means 288
leading to suitable related transducer means 290. Whenever the
value or magnitude of the signal, O, (which may be considered as
being the relative amount of carbon monoxide) exceeds a
predetermined amount, transducer means 290 becomes effective to,
via conductor means 292, energize valving means 168 so as to
thereby move valving member 198 some degree to the left generally
in accordance with the magnitude of signal O (to the left for
leaner mixtures and to the right for richer mixtures) thereby
variably opening the air-bleed passage means 200.
Valving means 170 is illustrated as being actuable or controlled by
either of two transducer means 298 and 296 via conductor means 294
and 300. Transducer 296 is responsive to a signal, M, indicative of
engine intake manifold pressure (or vacuum) which may be
transmitted via signal transmission means 302. Whenever the engine
undergoes deceleration, the throttle valve 50 will be closed and
the manifold vacuum then exceeds the value of manifold vacuum
generated at idle engine operation. Accordingly, when such signal,
M, indicates that the engine is experiencing deceleration,
transducer means 296 becomes effective to cause valve member 212 of
valving means 170 to move to the left thereby opening air-bleed
passage means 214. Further, transducer means 298 is responsive to
the closure and/or opening of, for example, the vehicle ignition
switch 304 (a portion of a related ignition circuit is illustrated
at 306 while a related source of electrical potential is shown at
308). The general operation is that when the ignition switch 304 is
opened, transducer means 298 becomes effective to also cause valve
member 212 of valving means 170 to move to the left thereby opening
air-bleed passage means 214.
Because of various governmental regulations relating to vehicular
engine exhaust emissions, the automotive industry, generally, has
found that in order to meet governmentally imposed emission
standards, especially the removal from the engine exhaust of oxides
of nitrogen, catalytic converters will in all probability have to
be employed within the engine exhaust system. Generally, even
though such converters may take different forms, the anticipated
converter will have two stages the first of which is a reduction
chamber or stage with the second being an oxidizing chamber or
stage. These are respectively schematically illustrated at 28 and
30 of FIG. 1.
In the first reduction chamber or stage 28, the oxides of nitrogen
will react with some of the carbon monoxide to produce free
molecular nitrogen and carbon dioxide with some additional
quantities of carbon monoxide and, for example, methane remaining.
The free nitrogen and carbon dioxide is passed to atmosphere
without further reaction while the methane (and other such exhaust
gases) and remaining carbon monoxide are then oxidized in the
second stage as for example reacting and producing carbon dioxide
and free water.
In order to achieve such chemical conversion, it is necessary to
provide an overly righ (in terms of fuel) fuel-air ratio mixture to
the engine so that the exhaust gases, as, for example, in the area
sensed by means 32 upstream of the reactor 28, contain about 1.5
percent of carbon monoxide (CO). This then provides an adequate
quantity of CO for reaction in the reduction stage 28 and a
sufficient amount of excess CO to complete the oxidation in stage
30. The carburetor, of course, can be initially set to provide such
1.5% CO and such a fuel-air ratio curve is typically depicted as at
310 of FIG. 5.
However, a problem does occur at relatively fast road speeds at
normal or greater than normal road loads. That is, at speeds in
excess of, for example, 55.0 m.p.h. the converter will often become
overheated because of the quantity of such over-rich mixture being
passed therethrough per unit of time. Therefore, at speeds above
the assumed speed of 55.0 m.p.h., the signal, N, becomes sufficient
to actuate transducer means 284 which, in turn, causes valve member
184 of valving means 166 to open air-bleed passage means 186 with
the result that pressure P.sub.c is increased, as previously
explained, and the rate of metered fuel flow is decreased.
Consequently, the fuel-air ratio is made leaner (in terms of fuel)
and such is generally depicted by line or curve 312 of FIG. 5. The
degree of air-bleed would be such as to result in the fuel-air
ratio of curve 312 being sufficiently lean as to prevent the
overheating of the exhaust converter means at speeds in excess of
the assumed 55.0 m.p.h.
Valving means 170, as depicted is normally closed with the term
"normally" designating engine operating conditions other than
engine operating conditions other than engine shut-down or engine
deceleration. That is, during conditions of engine deceleration
when the magnitude of the manifold pressure signal M is
sufficiently low, in terms of pressure, or high in terms of vacuum,
transducer means 296 causes valve member 212 of valving means 170
to open air-bleed passage means 214 thereby, as previously
described, increasing the value of pressure P.sub.c and reducing
the rate of metered fuel flow to such a low rate that the resulting
fuel-air ratio as depicted, for example, by curve 314 of FIG. 4, is
too lean to support combustion. The value of pressure P.sub.c at
this time, if considered as being a "false venturi vacuum," value
might be graphically represented as by the point 316 in FIG. 3.
Therefore, it can be seen that during such conditions of engine
deceleration the rate of metered fuel flow is drastically reduced
resulting in a corresponding reduction in exhaust emissions.
Because the richness of fuel-air ratio can be decreased to such an
extremely lean condition as to be insufficient to support
combustion, valving means 170 may also be employed to thereby
lean-out the fuel-air mixture which might flow at the instant of
engine shut-down to thereby prevent the occurrence of the condition
often referred to as "engine dieseling." That is, when ignition
switch 304 is opened transducer means 298 becomes effective for
causing valve member 212 of valving means 170 to again move and
open the air-bleed passage means 214 with the result that point 316
of FIG. 3 and point 318 of FIG. 4 are again achieved. Since at this
time the fuel-air ratio is such as to be incapable of supporting
combustion, the engine is prevented from "dieseling" after the
ignition is turned off.
The various parameters and means for sensing thereof as well as
generating signals in response thereto are merely exemplory. It
should be apparent that the invention, among other things, provides
for a carburetor type fuel delivery system includes closed loop
type feedback means effective for varying the fuel-air ratio of the
fuel-air mixture supplied by such carburetor in accordance with
operating parameters indicative of any produced by the engine
itself.
Further, as generally illustrated by FIG. 6, the invention can be
practiced equally well with a carbureting structure of the fixed
venturi type.
For example, referring in greater detail to FIG. 6, the carburetor
assembly 320 is illustrated as comprising body or housing means 322
with an induction passage 324 formed therethrough and having an air
inlet end 326, which may be controlled as by a variably
positionable choke valve 328, and an outlet end 330 with a variably
positionable throttle valve 332 therein for controlling the flow of
combustible mixtures into the inlet 334 of the intake manifold
chamber 336 of the engine intake manifold 338 (which may in fact be
as manifold 12 of FIGS. 1 and 2).
The carburetor assembly may be provided with an idle fuel system
340 and a main fuel system 342, as are generally well known in the
art, wherein the fragmentarily illustrated idle fuel system 340 is
comprised of fuel delivery conduit means 344, leading to the fuel
346 within an associated fuel reservoir or supply means 348, and
communicating with the induction passage 324 as via passage means
350 and 352 with passage means 250 providing for idle fuel flow to
the induction passage posterior (downstream) of the throttle valve
332 when such is in the closed idle position as shown. Passage
means 352 is effective for providing increasing amounts of fuel
flow as the throttle valve 332 is rotated clockwise in the throttle
opening direction as during periods of off-idle engine
operation.
The main fuel metering system 342, shown in somewhat simplified
form, may be comprised of a fuel discharge nozzle 354, situated
generally in the throat 356 of the fixed venturi section 358,
having orifice means 260 leading to fuel delivery conduit means 362
communicating with the fuel 346 as through calibrated orifice or
restriction means 364. When the velocity rate of air flow through
the venturi throat attains a sufficient magnitude, the resulting
venturi pressure, P.sub.v, becomes sufficiently reduced as to have
the differential of pressures P.sub.b - P.sub.v cause fuel flow
through passage means 362, orifice means 360 and into the induction
passage 324.
As is generally depicted, the carburetor assembly 320 is provided
with the control means 160, described in detail with reference to
the preceding Figures, so as to have the bleed-air conduit 162
communicating with fuel supply passage means 362. The operation
would, of course, be as that described with reference to FIGS. 1
and 2 with the result that a closed loop feedback carbureting
system would again be achieved.
Further, if desired, the structure of FIG. 6 and the control means
160 (shown in detail in FIG. 2) may be modified as by providing
passage means 366 in housing means 322 communicating with idle fuel
supply passage means 344 and to in effect isolate air bleed passage
214 (FIG. 2) from conduits 200 and 162 as by placing suitable
blockage in conduit 234 between conduit 214 and conduits 200 and
162. With such a modification a second air-bleed conduit 162a,
functioning generally as does conduit 162, would be connected as to
then communicate between conduit 214 and conduit 366. By so doing,
the pressure resulting from the air bled through conduit means 214
during either engine shut-down or deceleration would be applied in
the area upstream of the passage means 350, 352 and downstream of
the related idle fuel metering means or generally schematically
depicted at 368.
Referring to FIG. 7, it can be seen that the invention in its
utmost simplicity (where: a pressure P.sub.v is developed by the
velocity rate of air flow to an engine; pressure P.sub.o is
atmospheric pressure; pressure P.sub.b is the pressure applied to
the fuel, in this case P.sub.b and P.sub.o are assumed to be equal)
is the provision of means such as at 160 sensitive to engine and/or
vehicle operating parameters to vary the actual available metering
pressure differential of P.sub.b - P.sub.v to more accurately
satisfy the needs of the engine at such sensed parameters as by
variably restricting (by means depicted at 370 and equivalent to
the valving means of control 160) the flow of ambient air to create
a control pressure P.sub.c and thereby develop an actual and
variable metering pressure differential of P.sub.b - P.sub.c which
when applied across the related calibrated metering orifice means,
as depicted at 372, will provide for precisely the proper rate of
metered fuel flow to the discharge area generally designated at 374
in which the relatively lower pressure P.sub.v exists.
It should be apparent that various modifications and embodiments of
the invention are possible. For example, various indicia of engine
operation as well as various parameters may be employed to create
feed-back type signals to which response may be made as by the
control means shown or any other suitable means. By way of partial
illustration, if desired air bleed valving means in addition to
those shown in FIG. 2 could be employed as to be responsive to
additional parameters of operation; also, other specific forms of
valving means may be employed as, for example, pressure responsive
diaphragm means or the like. Other means employable in carrying out
the inventive concepts herein disclosed will become apparent to
those skilled in the art.
Although only one preferred embodiment and a select number of
modifications of the invention have been disclosed and described,
it is apparent that other embodiments and modifications of the
invention are possible within the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *