U.S. patent number 3,905,548 [Application Number 05/391,638] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-16 for prefabricated building construction.
Invention is credited to James H. Brodie.
United States Patent |
3,905,548 |
Brodie |
September 16, 1975 |
Prefabricated building construction
Abstract
A prefabricated building which can be assembled, erected and
later on dismantled and moved, wherein the entire structure is
supported by four or more vertical posts and two or more horizontal
structurally integral frames which are supported from the vertical
posts and serve the triple purpose of stiffening the structure to
resist the forces of wind, providing a beam system which supports
full span roof trusses and full span floor joists, and providing
the main ducts for distribution of conditioned air throughout the
building. The horizontal frames are secured to the posts by means
of adjustable post clamps which allow for erection and
stabilization of the building on unleveled ground and without a
prepared foundation. The side walls of the building are formed of a
plurality of panel assemblies through which conditioned air is
circulated. Some of these panel assemblies are window assemblies
and the circulation of conditioned air therethrough maintains the
inner pane at substantially room temperature.
Inventors: |
Brodie; James H. (St. Paul,
MN) |
Family
ID: |
26818786 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/391,638 |
Filed: |
August 27, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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120816 |
Mar 4, 1971 |
3771273 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
237/69; 52/263;
52/646; 165/49; 454/185; 52/302.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24D
5/04 (20130101); E04B 1/24 (20130101); F24D
5/10 (20130101); E04B 2001/2463 (20130101); E04B
2001/2481 (20130101); E04B 2001/2484 (20130101); E04B
2001/2472 (20130101); E04B 2001/2451 (20130101); E04B
2001/5868 (20130101); E04B 2001/2415 (20130101); E04B
2001/2424 (20130101); E04B 2001/249 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
1/24 (20060101); F24D 5/00 (20060101); F24D
5/04 (20060101); F24D 5/10 (20060101); E04B
1/58 (20060101); F24D 005/04 (); F24D 005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/31,96 ;165/49
;52/299,474,476,645,646,79,122,126,235,637,303,236 ;237/69 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Assistant Examiner: Tapolcai, Jr.; William E.
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of Ser. No. 120,816, filed Mar. 4,
1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,711,273.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A building construction comprising:
lower and upper horizontal frame members of a configuration
corresponding to the desired floor plan of the building,
each of said frame members having peripheral frame elements which
are structurally integral so that stresses applied at support
points are transmitted and distributed throughout the periphery of
each of said horizontal frames,
a plurality of parallel vertical posts supported at their lower
ends by the ground and disposed so that they engage the outer
peripheries of the frame members at a plurality of points,
and a plurality of clamping means for adjustably securing said
upper and lower frame members to said vertical posts with said
frame members spaced to provide the desired floor to ceiling
spacing, said clamping means comprising a plurality of
independently adjustable clamping devices to enable each horizontal
frame member to be adjusted to assume a horizontal position
regardless of whether the lower ends of said posts lie in a
horizontal plane,
at least one of the peripheral frame elements of each of said frame
members being in the form of a hollow beam with openings
therethrough at longitudinally spaced points to allow the
circulation throughout of a heat exchange medium,
the heat exchange medium comprising air and (in which there is) a
panel assembly being disposed between said frame members, said
panel assembly having spaced panels and being so disposed with
respect to one of said hollow beam peripheral frame members that
the space between said panels communicates with one of said
longitudinally spaced openings therethrough so that air circulating
through said hollow beam can pass through the space between said
panels.
2. The building construction of claim 1 in which the inner of said
panels is shorter than the outer of said panels and is vertically
adjustable so as to form a gap at either the upper or lower
portions of said panels assembly to permit air to discharge into
the adjacent region of the housing construction.
3. The building construction of claim 2 in which the panel assembly
is a window assembly and in which the panels are window panes.
4. The structure of claim 1 and including a ceiling supported by
said upper frame member and a floor supported by said lower frame
member.
5. The structure of claim 1 and including a passage between said
space between said panels and the interior of said building.
6. The structure of claim 1 and including a plenum chamber
communicating with said openings in said lower hollow frame
member.
7. The structure of claim 1 and including a heat exchange device
having an intake connected to the interior of said lower horizontal
hollow frame member and having an outlet connected to the interior
of said upper horizontal hollow frame member.
8. The structure of claim 1 and including a passage through said
floor communicating with said plenum chamber.
9. The structure of claim 7 and including an air circulating means
forcing air to said heat exchange device from said plenum chamber
through said lower horizontal hollow frame member, through said
intake to said heat exchange device, through said upper horizontal
hollow frame member, through said openings in said upper horizontal
frame member and said space between said panels, through said
passage between said panels to the interior of said building, and
through said passage through said floor to said plenum chamber.
10. The structure of claim 9 and in which said space between said
panels is selectively open adjacent to the top of said panels or
the bottom of said panels.
11. The structure of claim 1 and in which the inner of said spaced
panels is shorter than the outer of said panels and including means
for supporting said inner of said spaced panels for vertical
slideable movement.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Due to large movements and shifting of population and the
increasing need for converting residential areas to other uses,
there is a need for a new type of housing construction in which
houses can economically and practically be dismantled and moved
away from an original building site and the houses can again be
reassembled and erected at another site, when future area planning
dictates such a demand. Such new type housing should be comfortable
and of a durable type of construction which is comparable in size,
shape and quality to conventional permanent homes. This need is
strongly evidenced by the rapid growth of mobile type homes and
mobile home parks in the environs of modern cities, which parks and
mobile homes lend themselves to temporary establishment and which
can economically be cleared away.
While considerable effort has been expended in developing housing
constructions which can be partially or wholly prefabricated, many
of the proposed types of housing constructions suffer from various
drawbacks. In some cases, they are quite limited as to size since
their construction requires that they be assembled prior to
shipment and there is a practical limitation to the size of
building that can be transported to a desired building site. In
others, there is a limitation as to the terrain upon which they can
be mounted. Furthermore, in the case of many of these housing
constructions, there is inadequate provision for properly heating
and cooling the units.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a type of
housing which compares in quality and size to many conventional
types of houses and which is made of components which can be
completely factory manufactured and finished and easily handled and
delivered to a building site where they can be readily and easily
erected and assembled by a minimum number of unskilled and
inexperienced workmen using simple equipment and hand tools. The
housing construction of the present invention thus is designed to
permit its erection by the prospective home owner with a minimum of
assistance.
It is further an object of the present invention to provide a
housing structure which can be readily disassembled and removed
from the building site without destroying the building components
so that the same components can be used elsewhere.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a building
construction which can be readily constructed on uneven terrain
without the necessity of expensive footings or excavation.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a building
construction in which a heat transfer medium is not only circulated
beneath the floor to radiantly warm the same but also between
spaced panels of the outer walls so that the temperatures of the
floor and the interior surfaces of the outer walls tend to
approximate the desired interior room temperatures.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a construction
in which some of such outer panels are windows so that the inner
window panes tend to be maintained at a temperature approximating
the inside temperature of the room to avoid condensation on the
inside of the window panes.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an arrangement in
which the heat exchange medium, where it is air, can pass into the
room at either the bottom or the top of the inner panel.
To accomplish the above objects, I provide a construction in which
there are lower and upper horizontal frame members supported by a
plurality of vertical parallel posts supported at their lower ends
on the ground and disposed so that they engage the outer
peripheries of the upper and lower frame members at a plurality of
points. Adjustable clamping means is provided for adjustably
securing the frame members at any desired vertical position to the
posts so that the frame members may be maintained in a horizontal
position regardless of whether the lower ends of the posts lie in a
horizontal plane. The means for adjustably clamping the lower and
upper horizontal frame members to the vertical posts preferably is
in the form of a frictional clamp so as to permit small degrees of
adjustment.
The vertical posts may either be supported in the ground by the
usual footings or may be pivotally connected to bearing plates
which rest on the ground and carry the weight of the post and the
structures supported thereby. The pivotal connection preferably
takes the form of a universal joint so that the post can assume a
vertical position regardless of the slope of the ground on which it
is supported.
The lower and upper horizontal frame members have peripheral frame
elements which are structurally integral so that stresses applied
at the support point are transmitted and distributed throughout the
periphery of each of the horizontal frames. While it is important
that the peripheral frame elements be held together firmly, I
provide detachable connections between these peripheral frame
elements which permits the peripheral elements to be disassembled
and yet permits them to be held together in such a manner as to be
able to withstand twisting forces.
In order to provide a path for the circulation of a heat exchange
medium with a minimum of additional structural elements, at least
some of the peripheral frame elements are hollow to provide
longitudinal passages therethrough. In the specific form of my
invention, all of these elements are hollow to permit passage
completely around the periphery of each frame member. These
peripheral frame elements may be formed by providing two members,
generally L-shaped in cross-section, and rigidly securing them
together to provide the hollow space therein.
To provide the circulation of air through the outer walls, I
provide panel members which are detachably held between the upper
and lower peripheral frame members and at least some of which
contain spaced panels communicating with the peripheral passages in
the frame members. Some of these panels may be window panes. The
inner panel or pane may be somewhat shorter and may be vertically
adjustable to permit exit of the air at the top of the inner panel
for cooling and at the bottom of the inner panel for heating.
As part of the means for circulating the heat exchanger medium, I
provide plenum channels beneath the floor to form a plenum chamber.
These are supported by the peripheral frame members and can be
assembled with a minimum of additional structural elements.
Other objects of the present invention will be apparent from a
consideration of the accompanying specification, claims and
drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the frame construction of my
improved building construction including the upper and lower frame
members and the vertical posts;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of one of the vertical
posts and a portion of one of the peripheral frame elements of one
of the frame members showing the manner in which the frame element
is peripherally clamped to the vertical posts and also showing in
greater detail, the pivotal connection between the vertical post
and a bearing plate adapted to rest on the ground;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view showing the connection between two of
the peripheral elements of one of the frame assemblies;
FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional schematic view of a completed
residential building in accordance with my invention, the section
being taken along the line 4--4 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of the building shown in section
in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the same building;
FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a building structure in
accordance with my invention showing the manner in which the
building is supported on uneven ground and showing the roof and
floor construction;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary view showing how the vertical posts can be
supported in a concrete footing in the ground rather than by the
bearing plates;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a portion of the ceiling, floor and
side wall panel construction including one of the window panel
constructions in which portions are broken away to more clearly
show the relationship of the various parts;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of one of the window panel assemblies
showing the inner window pane in the raised position in which it is
placed during the heating season;
FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 but with the inner window pane
lowered as it is during the cooling season; and
FIG. 12 is a diagrammatical view showing the path of heated air
when the heat exchange medium is air and this air is being
heated.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, it will be noted that there are four vertical
posts 12, 13, 14 and 15. These posts are supported on the ground by
bearing plates 16, 17, 18 and 19, respectively. The four posts 12,
13, 14 and 15 support two peripheral frame members designated in
their entirety by the numerals 20 and 21, frame member 20
constituting the lower frame member which supports and forms part
of the floor structure and frame member 21 the upper frame member
which supports and forms a part of the ceiling structure and the
roof. It is to be appreciated that where a two-story building is
desired, the vertical posts 12-15 can be of such height as to
accommodate a third frame member. In such case, the frame member 21
would constitute the supporting structure for the floor of the
second story.
Each of the frame members 20 and 21 is formed of four peripheral
frame elements. In the case of frame member 20, these are
designated by the reference numerals 22, 23, 24 and 25. In the case
of frame member 21, the corresponding peripheral frame elements are
elements 26, 27, 28 and 29. As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, each of
the peripheral frame elements is formed of two longitudinal
elements 31 and 32 generally L-shaped in cross-section and having
terminal flanges which are secured together as by welding. The
result is a beam having very substantial strength which is, at the
same time hollow. This beam as will be pointed out acts as a
conduit for the circulation of a heat exchange medium and
preferably has openings (not shown in FIG. 1) for passing said heat
exchange medium into various heat exchange passages at selected
points. Also, as shown in other figures, such as FIGS. 9, 10, and
11, these passages are provided with insulation to avoid excessive
transfer of heat between the inside and outside of the ducts and to
avoid condensation on the surface of the ducts. As best shown in
FIG. 2, in connection with peripheral frame member and vertical
post 13, each of the frame members has associated therewith a
clamping means 33 for frictionally clamping the element 22 to the
post 13 at any desired elevation. While this frictional clamping
means may take various forms, it is shown in FIG. 2 as including
two horizontal plates 34, 35 which are rigidly secured to the upper
and lower surfaces of element 32 as by welding. These plates have
upper and lower notches therein designed to receive the vertical
post 13. Secured to their outer ends are a plurality of plates 36
and 37 which cooperate with an outer clamping plate 38 designed to
be tightened against the post by means of a plurality of nuts and
bolts or other suitable screw-threaded fastening means. The bolts
extend through the outer plate 38 and either are threaded into
aligned openings in plates 36 and 37 or cooperate with nuts
disposed on the inner sides of those plates. As the nuts or screws
are tightened, the post 13 is clamped firmly between plate 38 and
plates 34 and 35. Preferably, the inner edges of the notches of
plates 34 and 35 are aligned with the outer upper flange of element
22 so that the post 13 is also clamped against this flange.
The manner in which the vertical posts are pivotally secured to the
bearing plates is also illustrated in FIG. 2 in connection with
post 13 and bearing plate 17. It will be noted that there are two
triangular plates 40 secured to the opposite side of the lower end
of post 13 and a pivot pin 41 extends through these two plates 40
and through a block 42 which, in turn, is pivotally secured to two
vertical plates 43 and 44 rigidly secured to the bearing plate 17.
It will further be noted that the plates 42 and 43 are disposed
perpendicular to the plates 40 so that the pivotal axis on which
block 42 is supported by plates 43 and 44 is at right angles to the
pivot pin 41 extending through plates 40 and block 42. The result
is that there is a universal connection between the post 13 and the
bearing plate 17. As a result, it is possible to have the bearing
plates resting on ground inclined in any direction and still have
the posts vertical.
Referring to FIG. 3, I have shown the connection between peripheral
frame elements 24 and 25 in an exploded view. It is to be
understood that where it is readily possible to ship the frame
members 20 and 21 in assembled relation, the peripheral frame
elements may be welded together at the factory so that the frame
elements are transported as a single unit. In the case of large
buildings or in remote areas where it is difficult to transport a
large frame member extending over the entire floor area of a
building, it is desirable to have the peripheral elements
detachably secured together. Since, however, the peripheral frame
elements must be very rigid to withstand twisting stresses, it is
imperative that this joint be one which resists any twisting
forces. It will be noted that frame element 24 has two vertical
bars 46 and 47 recessed therein and extending through openings in
the lower flange 48 of element 24. The bars 46 and 47 are rigidly
secured to the element 24 as by welding. The openings 49 and 50 in
the lower flange 48 are of a size to also accommodate two bars 45
and 51 which are rigidly secured to the element 24. The outer bar
51 extends through a notch in the upper flange 52 of element 25 so
that the face of bar 51 facing element 24 is flush with the end of
element 25. Bar 45 is secured to the side of element 25. Thus, both
bars 45 and 51 are flush with the end of peripheral element 25.
Bars 46, 47, 45 and 51 have a plurality of aligned bolt openings
therein. In assembling the units, the lower ends of bars 45 and 51
secured to element 25 are passed through the openings 49 and 50 in
flange 48 to bring the bars 45 and 51 into abutting engagement with
bars 46 and 47 and with the bolt holes in such bars aligned. Since
the outer faces of bars 46 and 47 lie in the same plane as the
inner surface of the main portion of element 24, it will be obvious
that the end of element 25 is in engagement with the inner surface
of element 24. Bolts are now inserted through the aligned opening
in bars 46, 47, 45 and 51 and by the use of nuts, the bars 46 and
45 and bars 47 and 51 may be clamped together to clamp the
structure firmly together. The lower end of beam 25 will rest on
the flange 48 further increasing the rigidity of the structure.
As is obvious from FIGS. 2 and 3, there is a hollow space through
each of the elements. As previously pointed out, my invention
contemplates that the peripheral elements will provide a continuous
space around the frame for the circulation of a heat exchange
medium. An opening 53 in the end of element 24 is provided, this
opening being so disposed as to communicate with the longitudinal
passage in element 25 when the latter is secured in abutting
relation with element 24. A suitable closure plug or plate 54 is
provided at the end of element 24 to close the end and prevent the
escape of heat exchange medium therefrom.
It will be seen from the description so far that when elements 24
and 25 are secured together in the manner just described, the
longitudinal passages through these two elements are connected
together so that a heat exchange medium can pass from one to the
other. Furthermore, it will be seen that by means of the
interlocking arrangement, it is possible to have a very rigid joint
capable of withstanding very substantial twisting forces. This is
due to the fact that the fastening means includes four spaced
fastening points and also to the fact that bars 45 and 51 extend
through the flange 48. Furthermore, the engagement of flange 48
with the lower end of the beam further acts to produce an extremely
stable and rigid joint.
Referring to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, there is shown therein an exterior,
somewhat schematic view of a house employing my improved building
construction. The view of FIG. 4, while taken along the section
line 4--4 of FIG. 5, is somewhat schematic and is intended merely
to show the general arrangement of a house employing the improved
building construction of this invention.
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, it will be noted that the four vertical
posts 12, 13, 14 and 15 are visible from the exterior of the house.
While these may be provided with ornamental covers, the nature of
the house construction is such that they will project outwardly
from the walls of the building. Referring specifically to FIG. 5,
it will be noted that the two frame members 20 and 21 are likewise
visible as well as the bearing plates supporting the posts 12, 13,
14 and 15.
The floor of the house is supported by the lower frame member 20
and the ceiling and roof 55 by the upper frame member 21. There are
also a plurality of side panel assemblies 56 which are interposed
between the upper and lower frame members. The manner in which
these are secured in place will be discussed later. Also interposed
between the upper and lower frame members 20 and 21 are a plurality
of window panel assemblies 57. Each of these panel assemblies
extends the full height from the lower frame member 20 to the upper
frame member 21. While they have been shown schematically as solid
or consisting of single panels, these panel assemblies will
normally comprise at least two panels providing a space
therebetween for the circulation of a heat exchange medium. The
structure of these panels will be discussed later in connection
with FIGS. 9-12.
As is evident from FIG. 4, the floor structure can be laid out to
provide any desired number of rooms. In the drawing, there are two
bathrooms 59 and 60, the latter communicating with the bedroom area
61. There is also a kitchen 62 communicating with a dining alcove
63 which is an arm of a living room area 64. There is a further
bedroom 65 as well as a den 66. The particular layout of the rooms
forms no part of my present invention and the layout shown in FIG.
4 is merely illustrative of any of a variety of layouts which could
be employed with the improved building construction of this
invention. These rooms are formed by the use of removable wall
panels 67 which can be removed either to alter the room arrangement
or to disassemble the building. Since the wall panels 67 are not
load bearing panels, they can be shifted in position without
disturbing other portions of the building. These wall panels can be
secured in the desired position by any suitable fastening means
such as clips, not shown.
In order to further facilitate the ease with which the building can
be assembled from already prepared parts, there is employed precast
concrete steps 68 and 69 in front of the front and back doors,
respectively. These steps can be selected to conform with the
height of the entrances when installed.
It will be noted that there are special panels 71 and 72 in which
the front and back doors are installed. These panels can be
complete with prehung doors so that upon the panel being placed in
position, no further work needs to be done in connection with the
installation of the doors.
It will also be noted that there is a wall 74 extending below the
lower frame member 20. The construction of this plenum wall 74 will
be discussed in more detail later. This wall is the lower wall of a
plenum chamber through which heated air blows when the building is
being heated. Thus, even though there is no basement and the
building is supported above the ground, the floor will remain
relatively warm, as explained later.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a layout of the ceiling,
roof and floor constructions. In FIG. 7, it is also shown how the
bearing plate construction enables the building to be put up even
though the ground is not level. It will be noted that bearing plate
17 supporting post 15 is at a somewhat higher level than bearing
plate 19 supporting vertical post 13. Furthermore, the ground
supporting the plate 19 is somewhat inclined. The post 13 can
still, however, be vertical.
The floor 75 of the building construction is supported from the
lower peripheral frame members 22 and 24 by truss assembly 76
extending between these elements. The plenum wall 74 is supported
from these truss assemblies 76.
The ceiling 77 is supported by beams 78 forming the lower chord
members of a roof truss structure 79 extending between and
supported by the peripheral elements 26 and 28 of the upper frame
member 21. The roof structure will be discussed further in
connection with FIGS. 9-11.
While I have shown the use of bearing plates for supporting the
lower ends of the posts and this method is normally preferable
where building materials are not conveniently accessible, it may be
desirable in certain cases, particularly where the building is to
be relatively permanent, to embed the vertical posts in concrete in
the ground. This method is shown in connection with FIG. 8 in which
the post 15 is shown as embedded in concrete 81, the concrete
filling the space in an excavation around the post 15. Even here,
the advantages of my particular construction are still present in
that it is not necessary to insure that the bottoms of the posts
13-15 are all at the same level. It is imperative, however, where
the posts are secured in concrete as in FIG. 8, to maintain the
posts in a vertical position until the concrete has set.
Referring now to FIG. 9, 10 and 11, there are shown certain details
of construction particularly pertaining to the way in which the
plenum chamber is made, the panel assemblies are mounted and the
ceiling is supported. Referring specifically to FIG. 10, I have
shown a portion of the front wall of the house including peripheral
elements 22 and 26 and a plurality of solid panels 56 and one
window panel 57. All of these panels are held in position by a
series of angular brackets 83, 84, 85 and 86 at the bottom and a
similar series of clips 88, 89 and 90 at the top. While only three
brackets are shown inside of the panels, it is to be understood
that there are a number of these brackets along the length of each
peripheral member. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, there are also
inner and outer brackets on both the upper and lower beams. The
majority of the brackets 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89 and 90 are rigidly
attached to the associated peripheral beam and the panels are
secured in position by simply sliding the panel sidewise in between
these beams. Thus, considering the portion of the wall shown in
FIG. 9, the two panels 56 are slid into position and then the
window panel 57 is similarly slid into position. It will be
obvious, however, that certain of the brackets will have to be
removable in order to permit a final panel section to be placed in
position. This may be accomplished by providing screw openings in
the legs of the bracket mounting on the beam 22 so that these
brackets may be removed and reinserted after the panel is in
position. Preferably, this should be done in connection with all of
the brackets on one side for any one panel section.
As is evident from FIGS. 10 and 11, there are a plurality of
trusses 76 which extend across the lower frame member 20, being
supported by the frame member at opposite ends of the trusses. Each
of these two spaced T-beams 91 and 108 which respectively
constitute the top and bottom chord members of the truss and are
interconnected by the usual diagonal strut members secured to the
beams 91 and 108 as by welding. These trusses are supported by the
beams 91 which may be supported on the peripheral beams in any
suitable manner as by means of brackets 92. Each of the T-beams 91
and 108 while shown as a unitary T-beam, is actually, as is used
with such trusses, two angle members secured back to back with the
strut members extending between them, and welded to both angle
members so that the angle members collectively act as a T-beam. The
floor 75, which rests on the beams 91 is preferably provided with a
sublayer 93 and a final layer 94, which collectively constitute the
floor 75. Layer 93 may constitute the floor proper whereas layer 94
forms the floor covering and may, for example, take the form of
carpeting.
It will be noted from FIG. 9 that the floor covers the brackets
that retain the panel sections in place. Only bracket 84 is visible
in connection with the right-hand panel 56 in FIG. 9. As is best
shown in FIG. 10, the panels are so disposed that they are obscured
from sight by the floor covering 94 which abuts against the
upstanding legs of the brackets. Thus, when the house is completely
assembled, the brackets 83, 84 and 85 are not visible. As will be
pointed out later, the same is true of the upper brackets since
they are covered by the ceiling panel board.
As best shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the window panel assembly 57
consists of three window panes 96, 97 and 98 mounted in a window
frame 99. The window panes 96 and 97 are preferably sealed into the
frame so as to provide an air space therebetween and thus to hinder
the transmission of heat through the panes. The inner pane 98 is
mounted in the frame so as to be slidable in a groove 101. While
only the groove on the left-hand side of pane 98 is shown, it is to
be understood that there is a similar groove on the right-hand
side. In FIGS. 9 and 10, the pane 98 is shown in raised position
with the upper end thereof abutting a horizontal groove in the
upper portion of the window casing 99. This is the position assumed
during the heating period. In FIG. 11, the inner pane 98 is shown
as lowered so that the lower edge abuts the bottom of the window
casing, which is the position assumed when the building is being
cooled. It will further be noted from FIGS. 10 and 11 that there is
a passage 103 through the upper portion of the window frame 99
which passage communicates with an opening 104 in the beam 26. As
noted, the interior of the beam has a layer of insulation 105
thereon to guard against heat loss through the beam and
condensation of moisture thereon. Each of the peripheral beams is
similarly insulated. The opening 104 in beam 26 communicates with
an opening in the insulation 105 so that heated or cooled air
passing through the interior of beam 26 can pass downwardly through
the openings 104 and 103 into the space between the panes 97 and
98. During the heating period, the heat passes down the entire
distance between panes 97 and 98 issuing into the room at the
bottom of pane 98. The complete path of circulation will be
discussed in more detail later. During the cooling period, the
cooled air passes into the room at the top of pane 98 so that it
can move downwardly in the room.
As previously pointed out, the trusses 76 each include a T-beam 108
which constitutes the lower chord member of the truss. Disposed on
the flanges of the T-beams 108 are a plurality of plenum wall
panels 109. Each plenum panel 109 has a turned-up portion 110 at
its outer end extending diagonally upwardly and having its outer
end resting on the flange 48 of the peripheral beam 22. It will be
understood that there is a plurality of such plenum panel members,
each extending between and supported by the flanges of the T-beams
108. The collective effect of the plenum panel members 109 is to
form a plenum wall 74 referred to previously and appearing in FIGS.
5, 6 and 7. This plenum wall forms a chamber extending beneath the
floor 75. The chamber formed by the floor 75 and the plenum wall 74
communicates with various openings in the peripheral beams such as
opening 112 in the peripheral beam 22. These openings, as best
shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, communicate with the interior passage in
the lower beam 22. As will be pointed out later, the space beneath
the floor is used as a return passage for heated or cooled air. The
floor 75 is thus maintained at a temperature approximating the
temperature which it is desired to maintain in the space.
The way in which the ceiling is supported is also best shown in
FIGS. 9 and 10. As has been previously discussed in connection with
FIG. 7, there are a plurality of truss structures 79 supported by
the upper peripheral beams. The outer triangular portions 116 and
118 of the truss structures may rest upon and be supported by the
tops of the peripheral beams to support the roof truss members.
Secured to the underside of each beam 78 is a strip 115 which acts
to provide flanges on each side of the beam. These flanges act to
support a number of ceiling panel boards 118, only one of which is
shown in FIG. 9. These ceiling panel boards may be of a common type
used to form insulating ceilings. It will be noted from the
position of ceiling panel 118 in FIG. 9 and the brackets 88 and 89
that when these ceiling panels are placed in position, the brackets
88 and 89 are covered by the ends of the panels so that the upper
brackets 88 and 89 likewise are not visible from the interior of
the room.
Referring now to FIG. 12, there is shown the general path of
circulation of the heat exchange medium when the heat exchange
medium is air that is heated for heating the building. A suitable
furnace 118 is provided for heating the air. It is to be understood
that this furnace includes means such as a blower for circulating
the air. The heated air passes through a main delivery duct 119
which is connected with the interior of one of the peripheral beam
members, for example, beam 28. As previously explained, the
peripheral beam members all have longitudinal passages therethrough
which are interconnected so that the heated air is able to pass
around the periphery of the upper frame structure. Due to the fact
that all of the beam members are thoroughly insulated, the heat
loss is relatively minimal. Spaced around the periphery of these
peripheral beams, as previously explained, are a plurality of
hollow panel assemblies 56 and 57, 56 being the ones with opaque
panels and 57 being the one in which the panels are window panes.
While the air may be circulated through panel assemblies having
opaque panels, provided that a suitable opening is provided at the
bottom or top of the panel, it is particularly desirable to
circulate the air through the window panel assemblies so as to
minimize fogging of the window such as occurs when the window is at
a substantially different temperature than the interior of the
house. The air thus may pass through beams 28, 29 and 26 down
through the space between the panes of window panel assembly 57. As
previously explained, the inner window 98 is in its uppermost
position when heating is desired. Consequently, the warm air
passing down between the window panes issues into the room out of
the space at the bottom of window 98. Since the air is relatively
warm, it immediately rises and moves across the room, descending at
the opposite wall and passing through a cold air register 120. This
air is then conveyed through the plenum chamber formed by the wall
74 and floor 75 back to an adjacent peripheral beam 22 from which
it can travel through the whole peripheral frame member and back to
the furnace 118. I have illustrated the path of flow of the heated
air by a dotted line with arrows in connection with one particular
room of the house. It will be obvious that similar paths of air
flow can be produced in connection with other rooms. Thus, in
connection with the room to the left of that shown, there is a cold
air register 121. Similarly, air can pass down through a panel
assembly along the outside wall of this room and follow the path
traced above in connection with the room on the right-hand side of
FIG. 12.
If cooling is to be provided, the furnace unit 118 will also
incorporate cooling means and the blower will be used to circulate
cool air through the duct 119 and the passages in the peripheral
outer beam. As shown in connection with FIG. 11, the inner window
98 is lowered so as to leave a space between the top of the window
98 and the ceiling. The cool air issuing out of the passages in the
peripheral ducts passes out over the top of the window near the
ceiling and descends through the room and out through the register
120. Otherwise, the path of circulation of the cool air is the same
as with the heated air. By having the cold air exit at the top of
the window rather than at the bottom, the circulation is improved
in that the tendency for cold air to fall is taken advantage of.
During the heating period, however, the air issues at the bottom of
the window and the natural tendency of heat to rise is taken
advantage of.
While I have shown the inner windows as sliding, it will, of
course, be appreciated that other means could be employed for
selectively providing an opening at the top or bottom of the inner
window. For example, there could be small sections of pane at the
top or bottom which could be folded back upon the main portion of
the window to provide an opening. This method would be particularly
desirable in connection with the opaque panels of panel assemblies
56. With this technique, the air entering the space between the
panels could be allowed to leave either at the bottom or the top
depending upon whether the upper hinged panel or lower hinged panel
was open.
CONCLUSION
It will be seen that I have provided a building construction which
permits a building to be quickly erected and which uses
prefabricated parts, none of which are too bulky for shipment. It
will also be seen that because of the fact that even the peripheral
frames can be disassembled, there is not the limitation on the size
of the building that is inherent in buildings in which large
sections are prefabricated and shipped in assembled form.
Furthermore, the manner in which the floor and ceiling frames are
adjustably supported in my housing construction permits it to be
assembled on irregular ground with a minimum of excavation.
Unlike some buildings which are quickly assembled on the site, the
building construction of my present invention provides for both
heating and air conditioning and has provision for the circulation
of heating or cooling air with a minimum of additional ductwork,
the major portion of the ductwork being formed as an integral part
of the building elements.
It will furthermore be seen that with my building construction, the
side walls function both as walls and also as means for circulating
the heated or cooled air. The window assemblies of my construction
are relatively free from condensation of moisture since the heated
air is circulated between panes of the window.
In general, while I have shown certain embodiments of my invention,
it is to be understood that this is for purposes of illustration
only and my invention is limited solely by the scope of the
appended claims.
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