U.S. patent number 3,905,429 [Application Number 05/477,691] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-16 for battery powered hand tool.
Invention is credited to Alfred H. Berger.
United States Patent |
3,905,429 |
Berger |
September 16, 1975 |
Battery powered hand tool
Abstract
A battery powered hand tool having a rotary output shaft with a
worm gear drive, which provides a large reduction ratio in a single
stage and prevents mechanical feedback load to the motor. The tool
is self-contained with the batteries enclosed in a hand grip
portion and an actuating and reversing switch conveniently
positioned for the operator. The output shaft is adaptable to a
wide range of screwdriver, socket and similar rotary tool elements,
and the housing for the tool may be a compact pistol type or an
elongated wrench type configuration.
Inventors: |
Berger; Alfred H. (San Diego,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
23896948 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/477,691 |
Filed: |
June 10, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
173/216; D8/68;
81/57.13; 81/57.29 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
21/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
21/00 (20060101); E21C 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;173/163 ;144/82
;310/47 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Favreau; Richard E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Brown & Martin
Claims
Having described my invention, I now claim:
1. A battery powered hand tool, comprising:
an elongated housing for containing a battery pack therein;
said housing having an extension at one end;
a worm gear drive unit mounted in said extension and having an
output shaft projecting substantially perpendicular to said
housing, with means on the output shaft for attachment thereto of
accessory tool bits;
a platform in said extension on which said drive unit is mounted,
the platform having a wall portion extending into and secured to
said housing;
a bracket fixed on said platform, said output shaft being
journalled in said bracket and having bearing means holding the
output shaft against axial movement in the bracket;
said drive unit including a worm gear fixed on said output shaft,
and a worm mounted in said bracket in mesh with the worm gear;
a drive motor mounted on said platform and having a drive shaft on
which said worm is fixed;
said bracket having arms in which said drive shaft is journalled
and between which said worm is held against axial movement;
and a motor actuating switch mounted in said housing.
2. A battery powered hand tool according to claim 1, said bracket
having extended plate portions in which said output shaft is
journalled;
and side webs interconnecting said plate portions in a rigid
structure.
3. A battery powered hand tool according to claim 2, wherein said
plate portions include a front plate adjacent the projecting
portion of said output shaft, a back plate and an intermediate
plate, said worm gear being held against axial movement between
said back and intermediate plates.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electrically driven hand tools and adapters for driving screwdriver
and other rotary type tool bits, usually have multiple stage or
planetary type gearing to achieve the required low speed and high
torque from a high speed motor. Such tools are satisfactory for
inserting or removing screws, tightening or loosening nuts and
bolts and similar operations, but do not have the power for final
seating or breaking loose of very tight screws and the like. This
is often done by hand with the power turned off, but the action is
fed back through the gears and can cause undue strain on the gears
and the motor. Some drive units have locking means or clutches to
permit hand torquing of tight fittings, but these result in bulky
and complex mechanisms.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The hand tool described herein is battery powered and is adaptable
to a wide range of screwdriver, socket wrench and other rotary type
tool bits. A motor drives the output shaft through a single stage
worm gear mechanism, which provides low rotary speed and high
torque from a small high speed motor. The worm element is supported
against axial movement, so that all mechanical feedback is against
the frame or housing of the tool and not against the motor. One
configuration of housing illustrated is a pistol type, which is
suitable for most normal uses. The other type is of elongated
wrench configuration, for driving nuts and bolts with standard
socket tools, and can be used in confined spaces. In both forms,
convenient switches are provided for forward or reverse
operation.
The primary object of this invention, therefore, is to provide a
new and improved battery powered hand tool.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
battery powered hand tool having a reversible worm gear drive.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
battery powered hand tool which is adaptable to most types of
screwdriver, socket wrench and similar rotary drive tool bits.
A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
battery powered hand tool which can be made in pistol type or
wrench type configurations.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent in the following
detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view, partially cut away, of the pistol
type tool.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view with the top cover removed.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a wiring diagram of the pistol type tool.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view, partially cut away, of the wrench type
tool.
FIG. 7 is a side elevation view, partially cut away, of the wrench
type tool.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken on line 8--8 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken on line 9--9 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken on line 10--10 of FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The pistol type tool 10, illustrated in FIGS. 1 - 5, is contained
in a substantially cylindrical elongated housing 12 having an upper
extension 14, enlarged forward and to one side. A battery pack 16
is enclosed in the housing 12, the lower portion of which serves as
a hand grip. A worm gear drive unit 18 is mounted in the extension
14 and has an output shaft 20 projecting from the extension,
substantially perpendicular to the housing 12.
The drive unit 18 is mounted on a frame having a platform 22 with
an extended wall portion 24, which fits closely against the inside
of housing 12. Wall portion 24 is secured to the housing by any
suitable means, such as screws, adhesive, or the like, depending on
the materials used, so that operating loads are distributed to the
hand grip portion of the tool. Secured on top of platform 22 is a
bracket 26 having an upright front plate 28, an upright back plate
30 and an upright intermediate plate 32. The front plate is braced
to the intermediate plate by side webs 34 to provide a rigid frame
structure. Output shaft 20 is journalled in the three plates 28, 30
and 32 and has a thrust bearing 36 seated against the front face of
front plate 28 to carry axial loads. A worm gear 38 is fixed to
output shaft 20 between intermediate plate 32 and back plate
30.
Bracket 26 has a horizontally extending lower arm 40 and
intermediate plate 32 has a horizontally extending upper arm 42,
spaced above the lower arm. A worm 44 is journalled between arms 40
and 42 in a vertical position in mesh with worm gear 38. Mounted on
the side of platform 22 is a motor 46, having a drive shaft 48 on
which worm 44 is fixed. The worm 44 fits closely between arms 40
and 42 and is held by the arms against axial movement, so that
axial loads applied to the worm by rotation of worm gear 38 are not
applied to the motor. The specific configuration of platform 22
will depend on the particular motor and mounting arrangement
used.
Output shaft 20 has a collet 50 adapted to receive a variety of
tool bits, such as the screwdriver bit 52. Standard collets for
specific sets of tools are well known and any convenient type may
be used.
For convenient operation an actuating switch 54, preferably of
pushbutton or microswitch type, is installed in the forward portion
of housing 12, below the extension 14. A reversing switch 56 is
installed in extension 14. The electrical wiring is omitted from
the structural drawings for clarity, the simple wiring diagram
being illustrated in FIG. 5. Battery pack 16 is connected through
reversing switch 56 to the motor 46, which is reversible DC type.
The actuating switch 54 can be in either line between the motor and
the reversing switch.
The configuration of the housing may vary from that shown, to
incorporate shaped hand grips and for styling and manufacturing
convenience. As illustrated the housing has a removable top cover
58 held by screws 60, which provides access to the internal
mechanism. If required the lower end of the housing could have a
removable cap, not shown, to facilitate battery replacement, or a
charging jack could be included for rechargable batteries, the
arrangement being well known.
The wrench type tool 110, illustrated in FIGS. 6-10, has an
elongated housing 112, forming a hand grip, with an extension 114
at one end. Housing 112 contains a battery pack 116, which can be
individual batteries as shown, or a pre-assembled pack. Drive unit
118 is mounted in extension 114 and has an output shaft 120
projecting perpendicular to housing 112. Fixed to output shaft 120
is a worm gear 122, which is engaged by a worm 124 on the drive
shaft 126 of a motor 128. Extension 114 is shown as having a
removable cover 130 for accessibility, the cover having a thrust
bearing 132 to carry the axial load on output shaft 120. The
extended end of the output shaft has a plug portion 134, of square
or otherwise non-circular cross section, to receive a range of
tools such as a socket extension 136. It will be obvious that
either the tool 10 or tool 110 could be fitted with either a collet
or plug type shaft to suit the required set of accessory tool
bits.
As illustrated, the tool 110 has a base wall 138 which is
continuous from extension 114 through the housing 112 to distribute
loads. Output shaft 120 is journalled through base wall 138 and
motor 128 is mounted on the wall. Worm 124 has one end bearing in a
socket 140 in the side wall 142 of extension 114, the drive shaft
126 passing through a rigid web 114 extending between the side wall
and base wall 138. The worm is thus held against axial movement
between web 144 and side 142, to prevent loads from damaging the
motor.
The electrical connections may be made in any suitable manner. As
shown, an actuating and reversing switch 146 is installed in
extension 114, the switch having a center off position and forward
and reverse positions, as indicated in full and broken line,
respectively. The batteries make connection with contacts 148 and
150 in an insulated plate 152 secured in the housing at the
junction with extension 114, the short wiring connections extending
from the contacts, through the switch to the motor, as in FIG. 6.
At the other end of housing 112 is a removable end cap 154 for
battery access. The batteries are coupled in series through a
connector plate 156, with springs 158 to contact and hold the
batteries in place. To avoid any short circuit to the housing, the
connector plate 156 is preferably mounted on an insulating pad 160
in the end cap 154.
In both forms of the tool the output shaft is securely mounted with
a load carrying thrust bearing and the load is distributed
throughout the tool. The firmly supported worm prevents any
feedback load from damaging the motor. With the high ratio worm
drive necessary in the tool to obtain the required driving power,
the worm drive cannot be driven in reverse by feedback torque from
the drive shaft. In fact, with the motor shut off, the output shaft
is effectively locked relative to the housing, making it practical
to apply manual torque for final seating or initial breaking loose
of tight screws or fittings.
The worm mechansim provides the highest possible speed reduction in
a single stage, with a positive non-feedback drive, and a very
compact installation. For maximum power the battery pack may have a
voltage higher than the rated voltage of the motor, since most
motors can withstand reasonable overspeed conditions for the short
period operation normally associated with the tool.
* * * * *