U.S. patent number 3,905,172 [Application Number 05/414,684] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-16 for method of laying wooden floors.
Invention is credited to Jack Blackburn.
United States Patent |
3,905,172 |
Blackburn |
September 16, 1975 |
Method of laying wooden floors
Abstract
A wooden floor is laid by placing preformed groups of end cuts
of timber on a base, pouring adhesive between the groups of end
cuts and polishing the hardened surface of the floor to expose the
cross grain of the timber. The groups of end cuts are formed by
securing length of timber in a vertical bundle, pouring liquid
adhesive into the top of the bundle to fill the gaps between the
lengths of timber, and, when said adhesive has hardened, cutting
the bundle transversely into slices.
Inventors: |
Blackburn; Jack (Birmingham,
EN) |
Family
ID: |
26264779 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/414,684 |
Filed: |
November 12, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
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Nov 13, 1972 [GB] |
|
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52215/72 |
Sep 6, 1973 [GB] |
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41940/73 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/745.05;
D25/150; 29/417; 264/158; 29/412; 52/390; 404/46 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04F
15/047 (20130101); Y10T 29/49789 (20150115); Y10T
29/49798 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E04F
15/04 (20060101); B32B 003/10 (); B32B 005/16 ();
B32B 021/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;404/46,44,34
;264/158 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Faw, Jr.; Price C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Scrivener Parker Scrivener and
Clarke
Claims
I claim:
1. A method of laying a wooden floor on a solid base comprising
securing together lengths of timber in a vertical bundle by bands,
pouring a liquid adhesive into the top of said bundle to fill the
gaps between the lengths of timber, and, when said adhesive has
hardened, removing said bands and cutting the bundle transversely
into slices, each slice exposing a group of end cuts; placing said
slices of timber on said base; applying an adhesive to fill up gaps
between said slices; and when the adhesive has hardened, polishing
the surface of the floor to even out surface irregularities and
expose the cross grain of the timber.
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a layer of waterproof
material is placed on said base, said slices being placed on said
waterproof material.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said waterproof material
has adhesive properties and locates said slices on said base.
4. A method as in claim 1, wherein said adhesive which is used to
fill up the gaps between said slices is a liquid which is poured
over said slices and which hardens to substantially the same
hardness as the timber use.
5. A method as in claim 4, wherein said adhesive incorporates
sawdust.
6. A method as in claim 1 further comprising treating the polished
floor with a transparent sealer.
Description
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
This invention relates to methods of laying wooden floors.
Hitherto wooden floors have been made from wooden blocks or tiles
or rectangular or regular shape so that considerable care has to be
taken in laying the blocks to ensure that the joints between the
blocks are in a straight line or in a definite pattern. Also the
blocks are usually made with the longitudinal grain of the timber
exposed and with the exposed surface at least partially prepared so
that again care has to be taken in laying the blocks not to damage
the prepared surfaces.
According to the present invention a method of laying a wooden
floor on a solid base comprises securing together lengths of timber
in a vertical bundle by bands, pouring a liquid adhesive into the
top of said bundle to fill the gaps between the length of timber,
and, when said adhesive has hardened, removing said bands and
cutting the bundle transversely into slices, each slice exposing a
group of end cuts; placing said slices of timber on said base;
applying an adhesive to fill up gaps between said slices; and, when
the adhesive has hardened, polishing the surface of the floor to
even out surface irregularities and expose the cross grain of the
timber.
Throughout this specification and claims "end cuts" are defined as
pieces of timber cut from a trunk or branch in a direction
transverse to the longitudinal axis of the trunk or branch.
When the base does not include a damp-proof course preferably a
layer of waterproof material is placed on the base before the
preformed slices of end cuts. Where the base is concrete, the
waterproof material may be a liquid, such as bitumen, which can be
poured over the base to provide a damp-proof course, and at the
same time, an adhesive layer on which the end cuts can be firmly
located. Where the base is consolidated hardcore the waterproof
material may be a sheet of plastics material.
Conveniently the adhesive used to fill up the gaps between the
slices is a liquid adhesive and is poured over the slices of end
cuts to flow into all the small spaces between the slices. Very
coarse sawdust or small pieces of timber may be brushed into the
larger spaces between the slices and fine sawdust may be
incorporated in the adhesive.
Preferably, the adhesive used to make the preformed slices of end
cuts and the adhesive used to fill the spaces between the slices
when they are laid on the base, are the same. It is then immaterial
whether any of the adhesivve exudes to the outside surface of the
bundle in forming the slices as this is indistinguishable from the
adhesive used in laying the floor and no joints are therefore
apparent between the slices of end cuts.
Preferably, after polishing which may include planing, sanding or
the like, the floor is treated with a transparent sealer.
Further details of methods of laying a floor according to this
invention will be described in relation to the accompanying
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a broken away, plan view of a wooden floor;
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the floor in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view of a bundle of timber held together by bands;
FIG. 4 is a view of the bundle held together by adhesive and being
sliced; and
FIG. 5 is a end plan view of two slices being laid for a floor.
Lengths of seasoned timber 7 are tightly secured together into a
bundle 8 by steel bands 9. Bands of rope or wire can also be used.
A glue/resin mix is poured into the top of the bundle to fill up
all the gaps between the lengths of timber. Some adhesive may exude
to the outer surface of the bundle through gaps leading to the
surface.
When the glue/resin mix has hardened the bands are removed and the
bundle sawn into slices 10 of the required thickness, each
comprising a group of end cuts 1,2. The periphery of each slice
will be irregular in shape and be different from each other, from
one end of the bundle to the other. Also part of the periphery may
be wood and part may be adhesive.
After a tree has been felled, the trunk and main branches, say down
to 3 inches diameter, and even minor branches, say down to 1/2 inch
diameter, can be used to produce preformed slices of end cuts 10 as
described above. The bark 3 need not be removed from the trunk or
branches. Timber baulks, joists, etc., which have already been
shaped can also be used with or in place of branches. The sawdust
from the sawing operations can be saved for use as explained
later.
If the timer has not been kiln dried or otherwise seasoned, it is
cured by storing or other means. During the curing process cracks
may appear in the end cuts, extending from the heart to the
periphery. Also it is possible that the softer heart wood will
shrink and fall away. This cracking and shrinkage are normally
regarded as timber defects but are of no consequence in the floor
laying method of the present invention. Indeed the so-called
defects make the appearance of the floor more attractive.
The performed slices of end cuts 10 are then secured to a level
concrete base 4 by means of a suitable damp proof course 5 such as
bitumen, asphalt etc. (see FIG. 5). Large straight boards can be
temporarily placed on top of the slices immediately after they have
been laid to ensure that all the slices have the same surface
level. This will even out minor variations in the thickness of the
slices and minimise the final sanding required. If the slices are
thick enough they can be laid on compacted hardcore, dispensing
with the concrete base which is essential with the relatively thin
blocks normally used for wood block floors.
At this stage the slices being of various sizes and shapes exhibit
a pattern of gaps of differing widths and the wider gaps may be
partially filled by brushing in timber hogging (very coarse sawdust
without fines). Then a liquid adhesive 6 is poured, brushed and
scraped over the whole floor to fill all the gaps between the
slices and between the hoggings, if these are used (see FIGS. 1 and
2). The adhesive is preferably the same glue/resin mix which is
used to manufacture the preformed slices. Preferably, the adhesive
does not shrink on setting. Water can be added to the mix to
promote easy flow without detriment to the ultimate strength of the
mix, only delaying the setting time. The hardness of the mix when
set will be approximately the same as the hardness of the timber so
that sanding and wear of the floor is even. Sawdust can be
incorporated in the mix as can a slight expanding agent such as
polyurethane in order to make sure that the gaps are completely
filled, any surplus mix being sanded off.
When the adhesive has hardened the floor is sanded or planed to
expose the cross grain of the timber. The exposed floor surface is
then treated with a transparent hardwearing sealer.
It will be clear that the method of this invention produces a floor
having no apparent joints, simply a random pattern of timber end
cuts embedded in a matrix of hardened adhesive.
The advantage of the method of laying a wood floor according to the
invention are:
1. Timber does not have to be specially selected. Even household or
estate trees, which have to be felled and burned because of the
possible presence of nails can be used. There is far less chance of
damage to equipment when only cross cut sawing is involved.
2. The method makes use of practically all the timber in a
tree.
3. Laying of the slices of end cuts is simpler, quicker and easier
than laying normal blocks, where much attention has to be paid to
straight lines.
4. It is easier to polish across the grain than with the grain, and
there is no possibility of slivers or grain lifting.
5. The final sealer penetrates more easily into the cross grain,
giving a deeper, hardened surface.
On account of the above advantages the cost of a floor prepared by
the method described is considerably less than the cost of normal
wood block floor.
* * * * *