U.S. patent number 3,905,101 [Application Number 05/462,319] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-16 for disposable surgical scalpel.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Becton, Dickinson and Company. Invention is credited to John W. Shepherd.
United States Patent |
3,905,101 |
Shepherd |
September 16, 1975 |
Disposable surgical scalpel
Abstract
A disposable surgical scalpel assembly is disclosed which
comprises a frangible handle, a cutting blade and a sheath in a
single unitary assembly. The sheath is attached to the handle and
movable to blade guarding and blade unguarded positions. When the
sheath is in a blade unguarded position, with the blade exposed,
the sheath serves as a gripping surface for the handle. The sheath
component of the assembly may be releasably locked in either
position for safe handling.
Inventors: |
Shepherd; John W. (Montgomery,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Becton, Dickinson and Company
(East Rutherford, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
23836010 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/462,319 |
Filed: |
April 19, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
30/162; D24/149;
30/320; 30/335; 30/339 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
17/3213 (20130101); A61B 17/3215 (20130101); A61B
17/3217 (20130101); A61B 2017/32113 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
17/32 (20060101); A61B 017/32 (); B26B 001/08 ();
B26B 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;30/336,335,162,320,293,151,163,164,337,338,339,329 ;128/305 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
670,894 |
|
Aug 1929 |
|
FR |
|
853,565 |
|
Dec 1939 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Smith; Al Lawrence
Assistant Examiner: Zatarga; J. T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kane, Dalsimer, Kane, Sullivan and
Kurucz
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A unitary, disposable surgical scalpel which comprises,
a frangible handle;
a cutting blade attached to said handle;
a sheath movably attached to said handle;
means for releasably locking said sheath in a first position
sheathing said blade; and
means for releasably locking said sheath in a second position
exposing the blade.
2. A scalpel of claim 1 wherein said sheath forms a gripping
surface for said handle when said blade is unsheathed.
3. A disposable surgical scalpel with sheath assembly which
comprises:
a frangible handle;
a cutting blade affixed to one end of said handle;
a sheath movably attached to said handle and which when moved to a
first position is releasably locked by a depressible lug attached
to said handle which engages a lug receiving slot in said sheath,
in a blade sheathing position; and which when moved to a second
position is releasably locked by a depressible lug attached to said
handle which engages a lug receiving slot in said sheath, in a
blade exposing position; said sheath forming a gripping surface for
holding the scalpel, when the sheath is in a blade exposing
position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns medical-surgical instruments and more
particularly concerns a disposable surgical scalpel.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Although surgical scalpels have been used for centuries, little has
been done in the way of advancing their basic design. In recent
years, the commercially important surgical scalpels have been those
having disposable blade portions. Illustrative of this type of
surgical scalpel is that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,412,467. In
scalpels of the latter type, the blade component is detachable from
the handle component and disposed of by deposit in a special
container which may thereafter be handled without hazard. It will
be appreciated, however, that such disposable surgical scalpels
still present a hazard to the individual who must detach and
transfer the blade component.
U.S. Pat No. 2,735,176 discloses a veterinary surgical knife which
comprises a hollow handle component having a slidably extensible
blade. A similar cutting instrument is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
2,512,237. In effect, the latter instruments employ the handle
component as a sheath for the blade component when not in use. Such
sheathable blades are not contemplated for disposal after a single
use and are relatively costly in that they generally employ
sophisticated locking mechanisms and relatively complex protraction
and retraction mechanisms.
The demand on the part of hospital administrators and liability
insurance carriers for a disposable scalpel has increased
considerably in recent years. The ultimate in desirability is a
surgical scalpel which may be disposed of safely with the least
potential for reusing the scalpel, and of course the instrument
must be simple to operate and economical to produce.
The surgical scalpel of this invention obviates many of the prior
art problems. First, the surgical scalpel of this invention
includes a means of sheathing the blade component wtihout risking
the hazards of blade removal. Second, once sheathed, access to the
blade component requires a positive act, thereby assuring that the
scalpel is unlikely to be accidentally unsheathed during handling
for disposal. Third, the scalpel is unitary in construction,
assuring that the sheath component will not become separated from
the blade component and thereby lost, yet the means of attachment
and dual use of the sheath as part of the gripping surface provides
a scalpel which has the desired "balance" or "feel" desired for the
surgeon's sensitive touch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a unitary, disposable surgical scalpel
which comprises; a frangible handle, a cutting blade attached to
said handle, a sheath movably attached to said handle, means for
releasably locking said sheath in a first position sheathing said
blade and means for releasably locking said sheath in a second
position exposing the blade.
The term "unitary" as used herein means a single, monoassembly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric drawing of an embodiment of the invention
showing a surgical scalpel with sheath assembly. The sheath is
shown in the blade sheathing position.
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 but
with the sheath in a retracted or operating position exposing the
cutting blade.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the assembly of FIG. 1 in
disassembly.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 4--4 of FIG.
1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The disposable scalpel of the invention is conveniently fabricated
by conventional and standard methods for preparing surgical
scalpels using conventional and standard materials. For example,
the blade component of the surgical scalpel may be the standard
surgical steel blade conventionally employed in making surgical
scalpels. The handle and sheath components of the scalpel may be
fabricated from conventional polymer materials such as, for
example, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene,
phenol-formaldehyde resins, polybutylene and like polymeric
materials
The disposable scalpels of the invention are conveniently described
and exemplified by reference to the various specific embodiments
set forth in the drawings attached hereto.
FIG. 1 is an overall view of an embodiment of the invention. The
disposable surgical scalpel embodiment shown comprises a handle 10
which comprises a butt 12 and a shank 14 which is reduced in
thickness and over which sheath 16 may slide. Sheath 16 is shown in
a position covering the blade component of the surgical scalpel.
The sheath position illustrated in FIG. 1 is for covering and
protecting the blade component prior to use. It will be seen from
FIG. 1 that the sheath has an aperture 26 for receiving lug 29
which is an integral part of the underlying shank 14 being mounted
on a resilient bar portion of shank 14 (not seen under sheath 16).
Lug 29 when inserted through aperture 26 blocks movement of the
sheath in forward or rearward movement. At the butt 12 end of shank
14 there is seen a second lug 20 on the end of resilient bar 28,
which is an integral part of shank 14. By pressing lug 29
downwardly to disengage it from engagement with aperture 26, and
retracting sheath 16 over lug 20, lug 20 will engage aperture 26 to
lock sheath 16 in a blade 24 exposing position as seen best in FIG.
2. In this position, sheath 16 serves as a gripping surface when
using the scalpel. In a preferred embodiment, sheath 16 has raised
surfaces 22 to provide a frictional surface for grasping. To cover
the blade 24, the operator need only depress lug 20 on resilient
bar 28 and move the sheath 16 forward until lug 29 again engages
aperture 26 of sheath 16. When desired, the scalpel with blade
covered as shown in FIG. 1 may be safely discarded by breaking
frangible shank 14 (facilitated by its reduced width) and
depositing the broken parts in an appropriate receptacle. With the
blade covered, no hazard is presented to handlers of the discarded
pieces.
The features hidden from view in FIGS. 1 and 2 are seen with
greater clarity by reference to FIG. 3, where the various
components making up the disposable surgical scalpel of FIGS. 1 and
2 are readily observed disassembled. Thus, sheath 16 comprises an
elongate sheath open at both ends 18 and 21 and has frictional
surfaces 22. At the top of sheath 16 is aperture 26. The handle 10
comprises a butt end 12 and a shank 14 having a cut-out portion 15.
Shank 14 is frangible, having a weakened area of reduced thickness.
This weakened area is easily fractured when the sheath 16 is in a
blade protecting position. This provides an easy method of breaking
the handle 10 prior to disposal of the surgical scalpel. With the
handle 10 broken, a reuse of the discarded blade is discouraged,
particularly since access to the blade component is not easily
obtained without the aid of a whole handle 10. The weakened portion
of the shank 14 in no way impairs the use of the scalpel by a
surgeon since when the sheath 16 component of the assembly is in a
retracted position for operating use, the sheath 16 serves to
strengthen and protect the handle 10, thereby obviating the
likelihood that the thin portion of shank 14 would fracture while
the scalpel is being employed.
FIG. 3 also shows the mounting of blade 24 on blade support 31
where it is held in place by bayonet lock 42 and covered by blade
mounting piece 33. As shown in FIG. 3, the blade 24 is fixedly
attached by a bolt 46. However, in a preferred embodiment, blade 24
is permanently attached by ultrasonic welding of blade support 31
to blade mounting piece 33 with the blade 24 interposed.
FIG. 3 also shows the lug 29 mounted on resilient bar 27 which is
an integral part of shank 14. Bar 27 is sufficiently resilient to
permit lug 29 to be depressed out of engagement with aperture 26 of
sheath 16 when the scalpel is assembled in the blade covered
position.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 4--4 of FIG. 1
and more clearly shows the relationship of lug 29, sheath 16 and
shank 14.
* * * * *