U.S. patent number 3,904,451 [Application Number 05/419,745] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-09 for method for preparing primer for percussion-ignitable flash lamp.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Invention is credited to Nicholas J. Rainone.
United States Patent |
3,904,451 |
Rainone |
September 9, 1975 |
Method for preparing primer for percussion-ignitable flash lamp
Abstract
An efficient method of preparing a coating preparation for use
in a single step coating of primer for percussion-ignitable flash
lamps, providing a combination of efficiency and safety in handling
during manufacture. A production quantity of an aqueous mixture is
prepared, containing the fuel, the metallic combustible, and the
binder, but without the oxidizer. The production quantity is then
divided into at least three fuel containing batches each of which
contains less 40 grams of dry ingredients. An aqueous mixture
comprising the oxidizer is prepared and at least a portion of this
aqueous mixture comprising the oxidizer is added to the fuel
containing batch one of the fractions of the production quantity.
In this manner most of the ingredients are prepared in large
production quantities but the danger of having serious accidents
from accidental reactions involving the large production quantity
is avoided. Preferably the oxidizer is sodium chlorate.
Inventors: |
Rainone; Nicholas J. (Clifton,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Westinghouse Electric
Corporation (Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23663575 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/419,745 |
Filed: |
November 28, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
149/30; 149/31;
149/42; 149/44; 149/85 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C06B
39/02 (20130101); F21K 5/02 (20130101); C06C
7/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C06C
7/00 (20060101); F21K 5/08 (20060101); F21K
5/00 (20060101); C06B 39/00 (20060101); C06B
39/02 (20060101); C06B 039/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;149/30,31,77,37,83,42,85,44 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lechert, Jr.; Stephen J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stoltz; R. A.
Claims
I claim:
1. An efficient method of preparing a coating preparation
containing fuel, oxidizer, metallic combustible and binder for use
in single step coating of primer for percussion-ignitable flash
lamps, which method provides a combination of efficiency and safety
in handling during manufacture, said method comprising:
a. preparing a production quantity of an aqueous mixture containing
at least 100 grams of dry ingredients, said dry ingredients being
fuel, metallic combustible, and binder;
b. dividing said production quantity into fuel containing batches
containing less than 40 grams of dry ingredients;
c. preparing an aqueous mixture comprising said oxidizer;
d. adding at least a portion of said aqueous mixture comprising
said oxidizer to one of said fuel containing batches to form said
coating preparation for use in single step coating of primer for
percussion-ignitable flash lamps.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said oxidizer is sodium
chlorate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said fuel is red phosphorous and
the aqueous mixture comprising said oxidizer is added to said fuel
containing batch in amounts such that the weight ratio of sodium
chlorate to red phosphorous is within 10% of 1:1.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said combustible metallic is
titanium, and the weight ratio of titanium to red phosphorous is
within 10% of 3:1.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said binder is hydroxyethyl
cellulose and the weight ratio of hydroxyethyl cellulose to red
phosphorous is within 30% of 0.06:1.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein MgO is added to said fuel batch
and the weight ratio of MgO is red phosphorous is within 30% of
0.06:1.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to percussion-ignitable flash lamps, and
more particularly to primer materials which are used to initiate
the flashing thereof. The primer is a charge of percussively
sensitive material located within a readily deformable metal
ignition tube, sealed to and projecting from one end of a length of
glass tubing which forms the glass envelope. The glass envelope
encloses a quantity of shredded combustible metal. Flashing is
initiated by a mechanical impact against the side of the metal tube
to deform it against the coating of primer material which causes
the ignition of the primer material and some of the primer
material, (particularly the metallic combustible) is blown into the
body of the envelope where the shredded combustible metal ignites
to generate a flash of light.
The primer material, being easily ignitable, provides significant
dangers to personnel during manufacture. The primers typically
contain fuel, oxidizer, metallic combustible, and binder. Although
the binder material is less sensitive when wet, a single coating
preparation (one which contains both the fuel and the oxidizer)
presents handling hazards even when wet. Even though the material
in a water based coating preparation is generally not directly
mechanically ignitable, a small amount of the material can easily
dry on the sides of the container and, if mechanically ignited,
will cause reaction of the entire contents of the container
(including the portion of the preparation which has not dried).
Heretofore, the primer material has generally been prepared as very
small batches of a single step coating material (containing both
the fuel and oxidizer). This method is inefficient. In this process
excessive time is spent in preparing the coating preparation.
Typically, the oxidizers used in the percussion-ignitable flash
lamps have been partly or solely potassium chlorate. Potassium
chlorate however is not readily soluble in water and produces
inconsistencies in ignition as the mixture is non-homogeneous.
Typical primers also use red phosphorous as the fuel with a weight
ratio of red phosphorous to oxidizer of about 2. The red
phosphorous in this amount however, produces a coating preparation
which dries in a rough pattern and thus increases the possibility
of premature ignition. In addition, red phosphorous discolors the
bulb wall and thus a larger quantity reduces the light
transmission.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An improved method of preparing a coating preparation for single
step coating of a primer material for percussion flash lamps has
been discovered which combines the efficiency and accuracy of a
single step coating and the efficiency and accuracy of large batch
preparation, while still providing for safety in handling during
manufacture.
A production quantity of an aqueous mixture containing most of the
primer ingredients, but not containing the oxidizer, is prepared.
The production quantity contains at least 100 grams of dry
ingredients, (the dry ingredients include fuel, the metallic
combustible, and the binder). The production quantity is divided
into at least three fuel containing batches, each fuel containing
batch containing less than 40 grams of dry ingredients. An aqueous
mixture containing the oxidizer is also prepared. At least a
portion of the aqueous mixture containing the oxidizer is added to
one of the fuel containing batches to form the coating preparation
for use in the single step coating of the primer.
Preferably, the oxidizer is sodium chlorate (without any potassium
chlorate) and the fuel is red phosphorous. Preferably the weight
ratio of sodium chlorate to red phosphorous is within 10% of 1:1.
This reduced amount of phosphorous smooths out the coating and thus
reduces the possibility of premature ignition. The reduced
phosphorous also produces less light absorbing debris. The use of
sodium chlorate which is readily soluble in water produces a
homogeneous mixture which is more sensitive and is more
consistent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing, the sole FIGURE is a flow chart showing of the
method of preparing a coating preparation for single step coating
of primer for percussion-ignitable flash lamps.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the sole FIGURE, a production quantity of an aqueous
mixture containing the fuel, metallic combustible, and binder is
prepared. This quantity will contain at least 100 grams of dry
ingredients. Typically the quantity will be enough for at least one
day's requirements for one line's production of
percussion-ignitable flash lamps. The production quantity is
divided into fuel batches containing less than 40 grams of dry
ingredients. This can be done by either dividing the production
quantity of fuel containing mixture into several batches and then
storing batches until they are needed or by maintaining the
production quantity in a single container and withdrawing the
amount required for an individual batch as required. An aqueous
mixture containing the oxidizer is prepared. This can be either an
appropriate quantity for mixing with an individual fuel batch, or a
relatively large quantity from which the amount required for mixing
with an individual fuel batch can be withdrawn. In either case (at
least a portion of) the aqueous mixture containing the oxidizer is
then added to one fuel batch. If the quantity of the aqueous
mixture containing the oxidizer was only enough for one fuel batch,
then of course the entire amount of aqueous mixture containing the
oxidizer would be added to the individual fuel batch.
As the amount of mixture containing both oxidizer and fuel which
can be safely handled is smaller than an individual line's
requirements for a single day, multiple weighings of each of the
dry ingredients would be required if a day's production were made
as a series of small batches (i.e., not using the instant
invention). These multiple weighings not only are time consuming
but also lead to less accurate control of composition as accuracy
of weighing generally decreases as the quantity weighed
decreases.
The following is an example of a preferred coating preparation
prepared by the method of the instant invention. 135 grams of
titanium powder, 45 grams of red phosphorous, 2.7 grams of
magnesium oxide, and 2.7 grams of hydroxyethyl cellulose are mixed
with 135 millimeters of water to provide the production quantity.
This production quantity is divided into six equal (by volume)
batches, each containing about 30.9 grams of dry ingredients. 7.5
grams of sodium chlorate are mised with approximately 10
millimeters of water. The above sodium chlorate solution is mixed
with one of the six fuel-containing batches. As an alternative, the
sodium chlorate can be mixed in larger batches and only a portion
used with a fuel batch (for example, 45 grams of sodium chlorate
can be mixed with 60 millimeters of water and this also is divided
into six equal volumes, one for each fuel batch).
While potassium chlorate can also be used as an oxidizer in the
instant process, sodium chlorate is preferred as it, being soluble
in water, produces a homogeneous material which is more sensitive,
and much more consistent. In addition, a weight ratio of
approximately 2:1 of red phosphorous to sodium chlorate is typical
of the prior art, but a ratio of 1:1 is preferred and this 1:1
ratio is preferably maintained within .+-.10%. The ratio of
titanium to red phosphorus is preferably maintained within about
10% of 3:1. Preferably the binder is hydroxyethyl cellulose and its
weight ratio to red phosphorous is held within 30% of 0.06:1.
Preferably a buffer (to keep the solution from turning acidic) is
also used, preferably magnesium oxide with a weight ratio of
magnesium oxide to red phosphorous of within 30% of 0.06:1. A wide
range of ingredients will function and can be used with the instant
method, however, the above blend is preferred and should be
accurately controlled to provide the proper range of
sensitivity.
While red phosphorous is the preferable fuel it is also possible to
use other fuels such as sulfur, carbon, and antimony sulfide. Other
materials which can also be used include potassium chlorate,
potassium perchlorate, or potassium nitrate as oxidizers, zirconium
powder as the metallic combustible, hydrolized polyvinyl alcohol or
methyl cellulose as the binder, and aluminum oxide as the buffer.
These substitutions can be used in the same amounts as the original
ingredient which they replace.
Whatever combination of ingredients are used, it is desirable to
maintain the composition of the primer within quite tight limits
(especially the critical ratio of oxidizer to fuel which should be
held within 10% and preferably even within 5%). Single coating
techniques with small, individually mixed batches incur problems in
that excessive direct labor is required first to mix the large
number of batches and secondly to measure the ingredients of these
batches to the required degree of accuracy with the small
quantities involved. The instant invention combines safety, the
required accuracy and economy of labor.
While the best mode of carrying out the invention has been set
forth, it will be understood that modifications may be made without
departing from the spirit of the invention and that the scope of
the invention is defined in the following claims.
* * * * *