U.S. patent number 3,904,354 [Application Number 05/418,515] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-09 for resilient stripper members forming a part of a fuser roll.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Xerox Corporation. Invention is credited to Rabin Moser.
United States Patent |
3,904,354 |
Moser |
September 9, 1975 |
Resilient stripper members forming a part of a fuser roll
Abstract
A roll fusing apparatus for electrostatic reproducing apparatus
wherein the heated roll has a resilient surface including a
plurality of discrete protrusions or ridges which extend from the
surface thereof. The protrusions are so constructed that they
compress when they pass through the nip area formed between the
heated roller and the back-up roller. Once they move out of the nip
the protrusions assume the normally uncompressed state and thereby
serve to lift the copy paper from the heated fuser roll.
Inventors: |
Moser; Rabin (Fairport,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Xerox Corporation (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23658440 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/418,515 |
Filed: |
November 23, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
432/60; 271/900;
100/176; 226/193; 432/228; 492/46; 492/56; 219/469 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/2053 (20130101); Y10S 271/90 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/20 (20060101); F27B 009/28 (); B60B
005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;432/59-60,227-228
;100/155R,93RP,176 ;219/216,388,469 ;226/193,186,179 ;29/132,121R
;34/240 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 4, September, 1971,
Roll Fuser with Vacuum Tack by W. R. Hamilton. .
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 3, August, 1971,
Capstan Surface Grooves to Improve Tape Guidance by J. W. Lewis et
al..
|
Primary Examiner: Camby; John J.
Assistant Examiner: Yuen; Henry C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Xerographic reproducing apparatus having means for forming toner
images on a substrate including means for moving said substrate
through said apparatus for such purposes, said moving means
comprising at least one pair of nip forming members through which
said substrate moves, and wherein said substrate tends to adhere to
one of said members, the improvement comprising:
means formed integrally with said one of said nip forming members
for insuring separation of said substrate from said one of said
members after movement through said nip, said integrally formed
means comprising a plurality of protrusions on the surface of said
one of said members, said protrusions constituting means being
capable of being compressed as they move through said nip to form
substantially a flat surface at the nip and returning to their
protruding positions thereafter.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 including means for elevating the
surface temperature of one of said nip forming members for fixing
said toner images to said substrate.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said nip forming members
comprise a heated roll fuser and a backup roll.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said substrate comprises
plain paper.
5. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said protrusions
comprise circumferential ridges on said fuser roll.
6. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the outer surface of
said fuser roll comprises a layer of silicone rubber including a
unitary structure comprising a base portion and said
circumferential ridges.
7. The method of affixing toner images to a substrate including the
steps of:
providing a pair of nip forming members, at least one of which has
substrate stripping means comprising a plurality of protrusions on
the surface thereof, said protrusions constituting means being
capable of being compressed as they move through said nip to form
substantially a flat surface at the nip and returning to their
protruding positions thereafter;
moving said members in synchronism to thereby move said substrate
through said nip and moving said protrusions to a compressed
position as they move through said nip; and
allowing said protrusions to move to protruding positions after
leaving said nip.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said nip forming
members are continous and said protrusions comprise a plurality of
continuous ridges.
9. The method according to claim 8, including the step of heating
said at least one nip forming member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to roll fuser apparatus for use in a
xerographic reproducing apparatus and particularly, to means for
stripping copy paper from the heated roll thereof in order to
prevent the paper from curling and wrapping around the fuser
roll.
In the process of zerography, a light image of an original to be
copied is typically recorded in the form of a latent electrostatic
image upon a photosensitive member with subsequent rendering of the
latent image visible by the application of electroscopic marking
particles, commonly referred to as toner. The visual image can be
either fixed directly upon the photosensitive member or transferred
from the member to a sheet of plain paper with subsequent affixing
of the image thereto.
In order to permanently affix or fuse an electroscopic toner
material onto a support member by heat, it is necessary to elevate
the temperature of the toner material to a point at which the
constituents of the toner material coalesce and become tacky. This
action causes the toner to be absorbed to some extent into the
fibers of the support member which in many instances constitutes
plain papers. Thereafter, as the toner material is cooled,
solidification of the toner material occurs causing the toner
material to be firmly bonded to the support member.
In both the electrographic as well as the xerographic recording
arts, the use of thermal energy for fixing toner images onto a
support member is old and well-known.
One approach to thermal fusing of electroscopic toner images onto a
support has been to pass the support with the toner images thereon
between a pair of opposed roller members, at least one of which is
either externally or internally heated.
During operation of a fusing system of the above-described type,
the support member to which the toner images are electrostatically
adhered is moved through the nip formed between the rolls with the
toner image contacting the fuser roll to thereby provide heating of
the toner image within the nip. By controlling the heat transferred
to the toner and by the provision of proper roll surface materials
virtually no offsetting of the toner particles from the copy sheet
to the fuser roll is experienced under normal conditions. This is
because the heat applied to the surface of the roller is
insufficient to raise the temperature of the surface of the roller
above the hot offset temperature of the toner whereat the toner
particles in the image areas of the toner would liquify and cause a
shearing action in the molten toner to thereby result in offset.
Shearing occurs when the interparticle forces holding the viscous
toner mass together is less than the surface energy forces tending
to offset it to a contacting surface such as the fuser roll.
Occasionally, however, extraneous toner particles will be offset to
the fuser roll by an insufficient application of heat to the
surface thereof; by imperfections in the properties of the entire
surface of the roll, or by the toner particles insufficiently
adhering to the copy sheet by the electrostatic forces which
normally hold them there. In such a case, extraneous toner
particles may be transferred to the surface of the fuser roll
beyond the nip, with subsequent transfer to the back-up roll during
periods of time when no copy paper is in the nip and before the
back-up roll can be moved out of contact with the fuser roll.
It will be appreciated that in order to prevent such toner
particles being transferred to the copy paper it is necessary to
remove the toner particles from the fuser roll and/or the back-up
roll. It will be further appreciated that if enough toner
accumulates on the back-up roll the paper feed will be
affected.
One arrangement for minimizing the foregoing phenomena, commonly
referred to as "offsetting," has been to provide a fuser roll with
an outer covering or sleeve of polytetraflourethylene, commonly
known as Teflon, to which a release agent such as silicone oil is
applied. Silicone based oils, which possess a relatively low
surface energy, have been found to be a material that is suitable
for use in the heated roll fuser environment. In practice, a thin
layer of silicone oil is applied to the surface of the heated roll
to thereby form an interface between the roll surface and the toner
images carried on the support material. Thus, a low surface energy
layer is presented to the toner as it passes through the fuser nip
and thereby prevents toner from adhering to the fuser roll surface.
Although the low surface energy oils generally act as non-wetting
fluids in regard to most support materials, it has been found that
a mechanical flowing of the release agent from the roll onto the
support material will occur if an excess of oil is allowed to
accumulate in a region where it can come into contact with the copy
paper. Accordingly, the amount of oil applied to the roll surface
is generally metered under controlled conditions to maintain a
relatively thin coating of the release agent on the roll
surface.
As the copy sheet passes out of the nip formed between the heated
fuser roll and the back-up roll it is necessary to provide means
for insuring that the copy paper proceeds along a predetermined
path from the aforementioned nip to a conveyor belt or the like for
moving the copy paper toward the exit of the machine.
It has been the practice in prior art devices to employ stripper
fingers for the purpose of stripping the copy paper from the heated
fuser roll and for also guiding the copy paper from the nip area to
the conveyor belt or the like. In order to strip the copy paper by
means of stripper fingers, it is necessary that the leading edges
of the stripper fingers contact the surface of the fuser roll such
that they can become interposed between the roll surface and the
copy paper. It will be appreciated that such contacting of the
fuser roll surface has attendant disadvantages, for example, they
cause the fuser roll surface to wear due to frictional contact and
sometimes due to gouging of the roll surface, particularly, when
the roll is used in a dry (i.e. without release agent) fuser system
and where the fuser roll outer surface comprises a high coefficient
of friction material such as silicone rubber.
It is therefore the principal object of this invention to provide
an improved roll fusing device for fixing toner images to a
substrate in an electrostatic reproducing apparatus.
Another object of this invention is to provide improved means for
removing copy paper from the surface of the heated fuser roll.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide means for
stripping copy paper from a heated fuser roll wherein such means
forms an integral part of the heated fuser roll.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the above-cited objects are accomplished by the provision
of a fuser apparatus comprising a heated fuser roll and a back-up
roll. The fuser roll is constructed of a rigid substrate or support
overcoated with a resilient layer of, by way of example, silicone
rubber which has been applied to the rigid substrate such that a
plurality of protrusions extend radially outward therefrom.
The aforementioned protrusions are such that as they pass through
the nip formed by the fuser and back-up rolls they are compressed
to thereby present a flat surface to the powder images to be fixed.
Once the protrusions move out of the nip they assume their normal
protruding orientation and thereby serve to lift the copy paper off
the fuser roll.
For a better understanding of the present invention as well as
other objects and further features thereof, reference may be hade
to the following detailed description of the invention to be read
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a xerographic reproducing
apparatus incorporating the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a fuser
representing the invention; and
FIG. 3 is an end view in elevation of the fuser illustrated in FIG.
2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For a general understanding of the apparatus incorporating the
improved fusing device, reference may be had to FIG. 1 in which the
various system components for the xerographic copying apparatus are
schematically illustrated. In the apparatus illustrated, a light
image of a document to be reproduced is projected onto the
sensitized surface of a xerographic plate to form an electrostatic
latent image thereon. Thereafter, the latent image is developed
with an oppositely charged developing material to form a
xerographic powder image corresponding to the latent image on the
plate surface. The powder image is then electrostatically
transferred to a support surface to which it is fused whereby the
powder is caused to permanently adhere to the support surface,
which surface usually comprises plain paper.
In the illustrated apparatus, an original to be copied is placed
upon a transparent support platen P fixedly arranged in an
illumination assembly and image rays are projected by means of an
optical system for exposing the photosensitive surface of a
xerographic plate in the form of a drum generally indicated by the
reference numeral 10.
The drum 10 is mounted upon the frame of the machine and is adapted
to rotate in the direction of the arrow at a constant rate. During
this movement of the drum, it passes a charging station A where a
uniform electrostatic charge is applied to the surface thereof.
Next to an exposure station B, exposure of the drum surface to the
light image discharges the xerographic plate in the areas struck by
light, whereby there remains on the surface a latent electrostatic
image in image configuration corresponding to the light image
projected from the original on the supporting platen. As the drum
surface continues its movement, the electrostatic images passes
through a developing station C in which there is positioned a
developer assembly. The developer assembly delivers developing
material to the upper part of the drum whereat the material is
directed to cascade over the drum surface in order to provide
development of the electrostatic image. As the developing material
is cascaded over the drum surface toner particles in the
development material are deposited on the surface to form powder
images.
The developed electrostatic image is transported by the drum to a
transfer station D whereat a sheet of copy paper is moved at a
speed in synchronism with the moving belt in order to accomplish
transfer of the developed image. There is provided at this station
a sheet transport mechanism adapted to transport sheets of paper
from a paper handling mechanism to the developed image on the drum
at the station D.
After the sheet is stripped from the drum, it is conveyed to a
fuser apparatus generally indicated by the reference numeral 20
whereat the developed and transferred xerographic powder image on
the sheet material is permanently affixed thereto as will be
described more fully hereinafter. After fusing, the finished copy
is discharged from the apparatus by a belt conveyor to a suitable
point for collection externally of the apparatus. Suitable drive
means are arranged to drive the drum in conjunction with timed
exposure of an original to be copied, to effect conveying and
cascading of toner material to separate and feed sheets of paper
and to transport the same across the transfer station D and to
convey the sheet of paper through the fuser apparatus in timed
sequence to produce copies of the original.
The fuser apparatus 20, as illustrated in FIG. 2, comprises a fuser
roll 22 and a back-up roll or pressure roll 24 having a nip 26
defined therebetween, through which copy paper 28 is moved in order
to permanently affix images of toner particles 30 thereto.
The copy paper 28 having the toner images electrostatically adhered
therto is moved to the nip 26 by means of a conveyor belt 32 which
receives the copy paper from the photosensitive member 10, herein
disclosed by way of example as a drum structure.
The fuser roll 22 may be fabricated from any conventional material
by well-known techniques in the art whereby a roll structure is
provided which comprises a rigid, heat conductive substrate or
support 34 such as aluminum, overcoated with an adhesive layer 36
of silicone rubber.
The fuser roll 22 is provided with a plurality of ridges or
circumferential protrusions 46 formed integrally with the layer 36.
The ridges 46 are preferably on the order of 0.005-0.010 inches and
are spaced preferably between 0.5-2.0 inches along the longitudinal
axis of the fuser roll 22. The thickness of the silicone layer, to
the base of the ridge is approximately 0.250 inches. The layer 36
together with the ridges 46 may be molded on the core 34 or
otherwise suitably applied thereto.
The ridges are deformable to such an extent that as they pass
through the nip 26 they completely flatten out thereby presenting a
flat surface to the copy paper and the images carried thereby. As
the ridges move out of the nip they return to their pre-stressed
conditions thereby lifting the paper from the fuser roll.
To heat the fuser roll 22 a radiant heat element 50 and reflector
52 are provided.
Power is supplied to the element 50 such that during operation the
outermost surface temperature is on the order of
200.degree.-400.degree.F.
While the heating source has been disclosed as being external, it
will be appreciated that an internal source would give satisfactory
results. Additionally, it will be appreciated that the ridges can
take on other forms, for example, individual projections.
The back-up or pressure roll 24 comprises a rigid support 40 having
a layer of polytetraflourethylene 42 thereon. A structure is thus
provided whose surface is relatively hard compared to the ridges
46, for effecting compression of the ridges.
While the invention has been disclosed with reference to the
preferred embodiments it will be appreciated by those skilled in
the art that further modifications and advantages of the present
invention may be had without departing from the spirit and scope
thereof. Accordingly, it is intended that such modifications and
advantages be covered by the claims appended hereto.
* * * * *