U.S. patent number 3,904,131 [Application Number 05/409,716] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-09 for pressure sewer system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Environment/One Corporation. Invention is credited to William J. Doyle, R. Paul Farrell, Jr., Richard C. Grace.
United States Patent |
3,904,131 |
Farrell, Jr. , et
al. |
September 9, 1975 |
Pressure sewer system
Abstract
A low pressure sewer system is described which employs grinder
pumps for a multiplicity of sewage generating sites and which have
semi-positive displacement pumping characteristics whereby
substantially constant flow (in gallons per minute) output can be
produced regardless of the pressure head of the sewage piping
distribution main into which the pump discharges. Each grinder pump
unit includes its own anti-siphoning protection as well as
self-priming characteristics and further includes a redundant check
valve in the discharge piping to the low pressure sewage collection
main. The low pressure collection main is comprised by small
diameter, flexible, non-corroding pipes that need only be buried
under the frost line and can follow the contour of the terrain of
the community in which the system is installed.
Inventors: |
Farrell, Jr.; R. Paul
(Schenectady, NY), Grace; Richard C. (Carlisle, NY),
Doyle; William J. (Delanson, NY) |
Assignee: |
Environment/One Corporation
(Schenectady, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23621689 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/409,716 |
Filed: |
October 25, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
241/46.02;
137/565.34; 241/185.6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B02C
18/0092 (20130101); E03F 1/006 (20130101); Y10T
137/86043 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E03F
1/00 (20060101); B02c 023/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;241/46.02,185A ;137/568
;417/435,540,543 ;418/49 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lake; Roy
Assistant Examiner: Desmond; E. F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Helzer; Charles W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A pressure sewage transport system including in combination a
plurality of sewage generating sites with each of said sewage
generating sites including in combination at least one collection
tank; grinder means having its inlet taking suction on the liquid
sewage contents of the tank and discharging ground liquid slurry
sewage from its outlet; pump means having its inlet connected to
the outlet from said grinder means and providing a significant
discharge flow of ground liquid slurry sewage under pressure from
its outlet, a discharge passage connected to the outlet from said
pump means for discharging ground liquid slurry sewage from said
tank under pressure to one or more receiving points; outlet check
valve means within said discharge passage permitting liquid sewage
flow only in the direction from the outlet of said pump means to
the receiving point and preventing backflow of pressurized liquid
sewage; first conduit means connected at one end to said discharge
passage and freely open at its other end to a source of venting
gas; anti-siphon check valve means within said first conduit means
for passing gaseous fluids through said first conduit means at
least in a direction from said open end to said discharge passage
and for preventing the passage of liquid sewage from said one end
to said open end of said first conduit means; at least one common
pressure sewage main for connecting to at least one other sewage
generating site and to at least one pressure sewage collection
point; second conduit means connecting the outlet from said first
check valve means to said common pressure sewage main and redundant
check valve means connected in said second conduit means.
2. A pressure sewage system according to claim 1 wherein said
anti-siphon check valve means passes gaseous fluids through said
first conduit means in either direction and said pump means is
self-priming.
3. A pressure sewage system according to claim 2 wherein said pump
means comprises semi-positive displacement pump means for providing
a significant discharge flow of ground liquid sewage slurry under
pressure from its outlet substantially independently of the
pressure head into which the discharge is directed.
4. A pressure sewage system according to claim 3 wherein said
semi-positive displacement pump means comprises a positive helical
screw-type pump employing a flexible boot with an internal helical
surface in cooperative working engagement with a rigid shaft having
an external helical surface, but of a different pitch, the
discharge from said helical screw-type pump being directly
connected to said discharge passage, said first conduit means and
said anti-siphon check valve means also comprise pump priming means
for relieving build-up of gaseous fluids in the pump means, and
allow liquid sewage to rise through the suction inlet into the
flexible boot of the pump means as liquid sewage accumulates within
the collection tank to some predetermined maximum level and
actuates the pump means.
5. A pressure sewage system according to claim 4 wherein said first
conduit means and said anti-siphon check valve means comprise
anti-siphon means for preventing the removal of the pump liquid
prime and liquid from said collection tank upon a vacuum being
produced in said discharge line due to siphoning, said
anti-siphoning means allowing removal of liquid sewage in said
discharge line down to the point of connection of said first
conduit means or below and thereafter providing passage of venting
gas through the open end of said first conduit means and through
said anti-siphon check valve means into said discharge line and
allowing the liquid in the discharge line to seek the level of the
liquid in the collection tank.
6. A pressure sewage system according to claim 5 wherein said
discharge passage is permanently sealed with respect to the
interior of said collection tank between said outlet from said pump
and said first conduit means, the interior of said collection tank
is vented to the atmosphere, said first conduit means is connected
at said one end to said discharge passage intermediate the outlet
from said pump means and said outlet check valve means and is
sealed and uninterrupted between its one end connected to the
discharge passage and its open end save for the anti-siphon check
valve means, the open end of said first conduit means opens
directly into said collection tank at a level substantially above
the maximum predetermined level of sewage collected in the tank,
and said redundant check valve means is connected in said second
conduit means substantially at the intersection of said common
pressure sewage main.
7. A pressure sewage system according to claim 6 further including
a combination clean-out, flushing station, air accumulator, system
air purging and system excess pressure release mechanism located at
strategic points along the common pressure sewage main generally at
the terminus of each section of the low pressure sewage main.
8. A pressure sewage system according to claim 7, further including
air relief valve means installed in the common pressure sewage main
at respective high points in the main intermediate the sewage
generating sites and the pressure sewage collection point.
9. A pressure sewage system according to claim 8 further including
sectional division stop valves included in the pressure sewage main
at strategic points in each section of the main for isolating
desired sections of the main from other sections, and means for
providing bypass pressure sewage conduits interconnecting
particular sections of the common pressure sewage main for
isolating a desired section through the medium of said sectional
division valves without interrupting service to other sections or
portions of a section.
10. A pressure sewage system according to claim 9 further including
system pressure control regulator means included in the common
pressure sewage main at a point substantially at the point of
connection to the pressure sewage receiving point.
11. A pressure sewage system according to claim 3 wherein said
semi-positive displacement pump means comprises a positive helical
screw-type pump employing a flexible boot with an internal helical
surface in cooperative working engagement with a rigid shaft having
an external helical surface, but of a different pitch, the
discharge from said helical screw-type pump being directly
connected to said discharge passage, said first conduit means and
said second anti-siphon check valve means comprise pump priming
means for relieving build-up of gaseous fluids in the pump means
and allow liquid sewage to rise through the suction inlet into the
flexible boot of the pump means as liquid sewage accumulates within
the collection tank to some predetermined maximum level and
actuates the pump means; said first conduit means and said
anti-siphon check valve means comprise anti-siphon means for
preventing the removal of the pump liquid prime and liquid from
said collection tank upon a vacuum being produced in said discharge
line due to siphoning, said anti-siphoning means allowing removal
of liquid sewage in said discharge line down to the point of
connection of said first conduit means or below and thereafter
providing passage of venting gas through said first conduit means
open end and through said anti-siphon check valve means into said
discharge line and allowing the liquid in the discharge line to
seek the level of the liquid in the collection tank; said discharge
passage being permanently sealed with respect to the interior of
said collection tank between said outlet from said pump and said
first conduit means, the interior of said collection tank being
vented to the atmosphere; said first conduit means being connected
at said one end to said discharge passage intermediate the outlet
from said pump means and said outlet check valve means and sealed
and uninterrupted between its one end connected to the discharge
passage and its open end save for the anti-siphon check valve means
and the open end of said first conduit means opens directly into
said collection tank at a level substantially above the maximum
predetermined level of sewage collected in the tank, said redundant
check valve means is connected in said second conduit means
substantially at the intersection of said common pressure sewage
main, and the pressure sewage main comprises a small diameter,
non-corroding pipe laid just below the frost line and to afford
protection for the pipe while following substantially the contour
of the land where the pressure sewage system is installed.
12. A pressure sewage system according to claim 11 further
including relief valve means installed in the common pressure
sewage main at respective high points in the main intermediate the
sewage generating sites and the pressure sewage collection point,
and system pressure control regulator means included in the common
pressure sewage main at a point substantially at the point of
connection to the pressure sewage receiving point.
13. A pressure sewage system according to claim 12 further
including lift station means installed in the common pressure
sewage main at particular points where the main must traverse
substantial increases in grade intermediate the sewage generating
sites and the low pressure sewage collection point.
14. A pressure sewage system according to claim 1 further including
system pressure control regulator means included in the common
pressure sewage main at a point substantially at the connection to
the receiving point.
15. A pressure sewage system according to claim 1 wherein the
pressure sewage main is comprised by a small diameter,
non-corroding plastic pipe installed just below the frost line
and/or sufficiently deep for protection while following the contour
of the land where the pressure sewage system is located, and
further including relief valve means installed in the pressure
sewage main at respective high points in the main intermediate the
sewage generating sites and the pressure sewage collection
point.
16. A pressure sewage system according to claim 1 further including
air accumulator means connected to the second conduit means
intermediate the outlet check valve means and the redundant check
valve means.
17. A pressure sewage system according to claim 16 wherein said air
accumulator means comprises a vertically extending stand pipe.
18. A pressure sewage system according to claim 17 wherein said
vertically extending stand pipe has at least a portion extending
within said sewage collection tank and further includes controlled
orifice leak means formed in said stand pipe portion for assuring
air charging of the air accumulator means, said controlled orifice
leak means being located within said sewage collection tank for
returning any liquid sewage emanating through the leak means to the
tank.
19. A pressure sewage system according to claim 15 further
including air accumulator means connected to the second conduit
means intermediate the first outlet check valve means and the
redundant check valve means, said air accumulator means comprising
a vertically extending stand pipe having at least a portion
extending within said sewage collection tank and further including
controlled orifice leak means formed in the stand pipe portion for
assuring air charging of the air accumulator means, said controlled
orifice leak means being located within said sewage collection tank
for returning any liquid sewage emanating through the leak means to
the tank.
20. A pressure sanitary wastewater including sewage transport
system including in combination a plurality of sanitary wastewater
including sewage generating sites, a number of said wastewater
including generating sites including in combination at least one
wastewater collection tank; grinder pump means having solids
handling capability with its inlet taking suction on the contents
of the wastewater collection tank and providing a significant
discharge flow of liquid wastewater under pressure from its outlet
substantially independently of the pressure head into which the
discharge is directed, discharge passage means connected to the
outlet from said pump means for discharging liquid wastewater from
said tank under pressure to a pressure sewage main; first outlet
check valve means within said discharge passage means permitting
liquid sewage flow only in the direction from the outlet of said
pump means to the pressure sewage main and preventing backflow of
pressurized liquid sewage; venting conduit means connected at one
end to said discharge passage means and open at its other end to a
source of venting gas; check valve means within said venting
conduit means for passing gaseous fluids through said venting
conduit means at least from its open end toward said discharge
passage and for preventing the passage of liquid sewage from said
one end to said open end of said venting conduit means; at least
one common pressure liquid wastewater main for connection to at
least one other liquid wastewater including sewage generating site
and to at least one low pressure liquid wastewater including sewage
collection point; second conduit means connecting the outlet from
said first outlet check valve means to said common low pressure
liquid wastewater main and redundant check valve means connected in
said second conduit means.
21. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 20 wherein said check valve means within the venting conduit
means passes gaseous fluids through said venting conduit means in
either direction and said pump means is self-priming.
22. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 21 further including air accumulator means connected to the
second conduit means intermediate the first outlet check valve
means and the redundant check valve means.
23. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 22 wherein said air accumulator means comprises a vertically
extending stand pipe.
24. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 23 wherein said vertically extending stand pipe has at least
a portion extending within said wastewater collection tank and
further includes controlled orifice leak means for assuring air
charging of the air accumulator means, said controlled orifice leak
means being located within said sewage collection tank for
returning any liquid sewage emanating through the leak means to the
tank.
25. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 21 wherein said discharge passage is permanently sealed with
respect to the interior of said collection tank between said outlet
from said pump and said venting conduit means, the interior of said
collection tank is vented to the atmosphere, said venting conduit
means is sealed and uninterrupted between its one end connected to
the discharge passage and its open end save for the check valve
means secured therein and the open end of said first venting
conduit means opens directly into said collection tank at a level
substantially above the maximum predetermined level of liquid
wastewater collected in the tank.
26. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 25 further including air accumulator means connected to the
second conduit means and the redundant check valve means, said air
accumulator means comprising a vertically extending stand pipe
having at least a portion extending within said wastewater
collection tank and further including controlled orifice leak means
formed in the stand pipe portion for assuring air charging of the
air accumulator means, said controlled orifice leak means being
located within said sewage collection tank for returning any liquid
sewage emanating through the leak means to the tank.
27. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 25 further including a combination clean-out, flushing
station, air accumulator, system air purging and system excess
pressure release mechanism located at strategic points along the
common pressure wastewater main generally at the terminus of each
section of the low pressure wastewater main, and air relief valve
means installed in the common pressure sewage main at respective
high points in the main intermediate the sewage generating sites
and the pressure sewage collection point.
28. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 27 further including sectional division stop valves included
in the pressure wastewater main at strategic points in each section
of the main for isolating desired sections of the main from other
sections, and means for providing bypass pressure wastewater
conduits interconnecting particular sections of the common pressure
wastewater main for isolating a desired section through the medium
of said sectional division valves without interrupting service to
other sections or portions of a section.
29. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 28 further including system pressure control regulator means
included in the common pressure wastewater main at a point
substantially at the point of connection to the pressure wastewater
receiving point.
30. A pressure sanitary wastewater transport system according to
claim 29 wherein said semi-positive displacement pump means
comprises a positive helical screw-type pump employing a flexible
boot with an internal helical surface in cooperative working
engagement with a rigid shaft having an external helical surface,
but of a different pitch, said check valve means within the venting
conduit means comprising pump priming means for relieving build-up
of gaseous fluids in the pump means and allowing liquid sewage to
rise through the suction inlet into the flexible boot of the pump
means as liquid wastewater accumulates within the collection tank
to some predetermined maximum level and actuates the pump means;
said venting conduit means and said check valve means within the
venting conduit means also comprising anti-siphon means for
preventing the removal of the pump liquid prime and liquid from
said collection tank upon a vacuum being produced in said discharge
line due to siphoning, said anti-siphon means allowing removal of
liquid wastewater in said discharge line down to the point of
connection of said venting conduit means or below and thereafter
providing passage of venting gas through said venting conduit means
open end and through said check valve means within said venting
conduit means and into said discharge line and allowing the liquid
in the discharge line to seek the level of the liquid in the
collection tank; and the pressure sewage main comprises a small
diameter, non-corroding pipe laid just below the frost line and
following substantially the contour of the land where the pressure
wastewater transport system is installed.
31. A pressure sewage system according to claim 1 further including
a combination clean-out, flushing station, air accumulator, system
air purging and system excess pressure release mechanism located at
strategic points along the common pressure sewage main generally at
the terminus of each section of the low pressure sewage main.
32. A pressure sewage system according to claim 31 further
including air relief valve means installed in the common pressure
sewage main at respective high points in the main intermediate the
sewage generating sites and the pressure sewage collection
point.
33. A pressure sewage system according to claim 1 further including
sectional division stop valves included in the pressure sewage main
at strategic points in each section of the main for isolating
desired sections of the main from other sections, and means for
providing bypass pressure sewage conduits interconnecting
particular sections of the common pressure sewage main for
isolating a desired section through the medium of said sectional
division valves without interrupting service to other sections or
portions of a section.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to a new and improved low pressure sewer
system.
More specifically, the invention relates to a new and improved low
pressure sewage system which employs grinder pumps of the type
having semi-positive displacement characteristics for each sewage
generating site. The grinder pumps first grind and then pump the
sewage under pressure through low pressure sewage distribution
mains comprised by small diameter, flexible, non-corroding pipes
that need only be buried under the frost line and can follow the
contour of the terrain of the community in which the low pressure
sewer system is installed.
2. Background Problem
Any new home owner or builder who has suffered through the
difficulties of voting in a sewer bond issue and subsequently
installing and hooking up to the familiar gravity sewer system
using known techniques and equipment such as gravity drain pipes,
lift stations, ejectors, siphons or vacuum draw, is familiar with
the considerable expense and problems which arise in the
installation of such known sewer systems. Gravity sewer systems
require the cutting of precise grades all leading to a collection
point which is below the level of all the sewage generating sites,
and where installed in hilly terrain, requires deep cuts that
escalate costs. If required, the use of piling and dewatering
techniques magnifies the costs and problems encountered. While
there are commercially available lift stations, the known lift
stations normally use solids handling pumps having flow rates which
are unsuitable for servicing individual dwelling sewage sources.
The use of ejectors requires external air sources for
intermittently emptying the contents of collecting tanks and the
use of a siphon requires an outside source of fluid at pressures
which dilute the sewage in various amounts depending upon the fluid
use and the flow rate. Vacuum systems normally involve all of the
installation problems inherent with gravity and further require the
use of an external vacuum source having extremely complex
control/monitoring/maintenance problems.
By far the largest number of known sewage systems constitute
gravity systems. To possess satisfactory flow and fluid handling
capabilities, a gravity system requires the use of large diameter
pipe accurately placed and embedded in a continuous downwardly
graded trench. This often requires digging of deep trenches in
hilly terrain which results in high labor and equipment costs
because of the earth removal problems. Safety shoring, piling and
bracing, together with restoration of the property after
installation, complicates the installation and escalates the cost
of gravity sewer systems. Further, if high water tables or rocky
terrain are encountered, the costs increase rapidly. Finally, in
many systems or sections of systems expensive lift stations must be
added to provide force lifting over extreme changes in grade, and
the installation of deep manholes for maintenance and the
oversizing of treatment facilities to accommodate infiltration of
water that normally occurs into gravity systems often making the
use of such systems prohibitive in otherwise suitable terrain for
the development of residential communities.
Low pressure sewer systems according to the present invention,
avoid all of the above complex and expensive installation problems
in that such systems employ small diameter, contour-following,
flexible, non-corroding piping which can be laid in shallow
trenches dug just below the frost line and/or dug sufficiently deep
to provide protection for the piping. The piping can be installed
in sections having lengths of 40 feet or the like and should be
sufficiently flexible so that upon being coupled together, it can
follow the contour of the terrain in which the system is installed.
Smaller, lighter construction equipment can be used in the
installation thereby minimizing to the greatest possible extent the
disturbance to natural features such as trees and top soil.
Infiltration from high water tables is completely eliminated thus
obviating the need for increasing hydraulic handling capacity for
treatment facilities above and beyond that previously calculated
for the sewage generating sites being serviced.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to
provide a new and improved low pressure sewage system which employs
grinder pumps of the type having semi-positive displacement
characteristics for first grinding and then pumping ground liquid
sewage slurry under pressure through low pressure sewage
distribution mains comprised by small diameter, non-corroding
piping that need only be buried under the frost line and/or buried
sufficiently deep to provide protection against damage, and can
follow the contour of the terrain of the community in which the low
pressure sewage system is installed.
In practicing the invention, a new and improved low pressure sewer
system having the above characteristics is provided which employs
self-priming, self-scouring grinder pumps having semi-positive
displacement characteristics as well as anti-siphoning protection
and that automatically correct for any problems that might arise
due to vagrant vacuum pockets that are produced or otherwise occur
in the low pressure sewage system, and further includes the use of
non-clogging redundant check valves installed in each of the sewage
generating system branches served by a grinder pump unit for the
reduction of start-up transient loads and water hammer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Other objects, features, and many attendant advantages of the
present invention will become better understood from a reading of
the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the
invention wherein like parts in each of the several figures of the
drawings are identified with the same reference character, and
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic, block diagram of a low pressure sewer system
constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention and which is installed in hilly terrain having elevation
characteristics illustrated by the elevation lines traversing the
drawing;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred grinder pump unit
used in the system and having semi-positive pump displacement
characteristics for grinding and pumping ground liquid sewage
slurry under pressure from each of the houses or sewage generating
sites identified in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a pump operating characteristic curve for the grinder
pump units illustrated in FIG. 2 and shows a preferred
straight-line semi-positive displacement "H-Q" flow versus
discharge pressure head operating characteristic curve of such
grinder pump units as compared to other types of pumps, for
example, centrifugal pumps;
FIG. 4 is a functional sectional view of a suitable division
isolation valve installation for use in the low pressure sewage
system of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combination
clean-out, air accumulator, air purging, air relief and system
excess pressure release station or installation suitable for use at
points indicated in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the lay-out of a
typical pressure sewer system in accordance with the invention in a
mixed community of residential and commercial buildings located on
terrain having the contour indicated by the elevation lines
labelled -520'-500'-520'-540'-560'-560'-540'-520' and which
represent the actual elevation of the land above sea level at the
points indicated. In typical community fashion, the residences and
commercial buildings are arrayed along each side of the
thoroughfare or street providing access to the residences and
buildings. The small squares labelled 1 are considered to be
individual family homes while the larger rectangular or "L" shaped
buildings are considered to be commercial offices, motels, light
manufacturing facilities, schools and the like. Each residence and
commercial building, school, etc., is considered to be a sewage
generating site and, hence, all have been identified by a reference
numeral 1. Each of the sewage generating sites 1 have toilets,
sinks, etc., installed therein in a conventional manner and which
are drained through drainage piping by gravity to a grinder pump
sewage unit (indicated by reference numeral 2 in FIG. 1 located in
the basement of the building. Alternatively, the grinder pump may
be located in a manhole outside the building in the event that the
building has no basement and in order that the grinder pump unit 2
be at the lowest point of the sewage generating site to insure that
all sewage generated in the building drains by gravity into the
collection tank of the unit.
FIG. 2 of the drawings is a partial sectional view of a suitable
grinder pump unit 2 for use with each of the sewage generating
sites 1 and has been described more completely in U.S. Reissue Pat.
No. Re28,104, issued Aug. 6, 1974, Richard C. Grace - Inventor; and
in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 305,712, filed Nov. 13,
1972, Richard C. Grace and Frank Van Luik - Inventors, entitled:
ANTI-SIPHON AND PUMP PRIMING FOR SEWAGE GRINDER PUMP, both of which
are assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, the
Environment/One Corporation of Schenectady, N.Y. For a more
detailed description of the construction and operation of the
grinder pump unit 2 reference is made to the above-mentioned
reissue patent and co-pending U.S. application. However, for the
purposes of the present disclosure, the following brief description
of a preferred form of the grinder pump unit 2 is believed to be
adequate.
The grinder pump unit 2 is comprised by an outer collection tank 10
which may be fiberglass, plastic, cement or some other similar,
preferably non-corroding, non-rusting material having a tank top 11
of similar material. Sewage collected in each of the sewage
generating sites is transmitted to the collection tank 10 through
the inlet pipe 12 which in conventional fashion is vented through a
vent pipe to atmosphere (not shown) for the plumbing system of each
sewage generating site. Thus, gasses which might accumulate within
the tank are vented to the atmosphere directly through the inlet
piping connected to the collection tank 10 or through a separate
vent. The tank top 11 has a central opening formed therein in which
a grinder pump core unit, designated generally by reference
numerals 13-29, is suspended, as described more fully in
above-referenced U.S. Reissue Pat. No. Re28,104.
The grinder pump core unit is comprised by a grinder 14 whose
suction inlet 13 is designed to be located a short distance above
the bottom of the collection tank 10 in a manner such that a
swirling motion provided to liquid sewage collected in the tank
causes scouring of the bottom of the tank thereby preventing
build-up or accumulation of solids on the bottom of the tank.
However, the suction inlet 13 is located a sufficient distance
above the bottom of the tank to prevent blockage by solids
entrained in the sewage collected in the tank. The ground liquid
sewage slurry passing through grinder 14 is sucked up and pumped
out under pressure by a semi-positive displacement pump shown
generally at 15. Pump 15 comprises a positive helical screw-type
pump employing a flexible boot with an internal helical surface
arrangement in cooperative working engagement with a rigid shaft
having an external helical surface, but of different pitch. The
discharge from the helical screw-type pump 15 is directly connected
to a discharge passage shown generally at 16. An outlet pipe shown
at 22 is for connecting the discharge passage 16 through a suitable
coupling 18 and interconnecting pipe 17 to a first check valve
means 23 located at the discharge side of outlet pipe 22 for
permitting fluid flow only in the direction from the outlet of the
pump through a second outlet conduit 24 to a receiving point (not
shown in FIG. 2) and to prevent backflow of pressurized liquid
slurry sewage into the grinder pump unit. A first venting conduit
19 is connected at one end to outlet pipe 22 intermediate the
discharge outlet from the pump 15 and the first check valve means
23. The remaining end of first conduit 19 is freely open to the
interior of collection tank 10 which, of course, is vented to
atmosphere through the inlet pipe 12. It is also possible to vent
separately the collecting tank 1 through a suitable vent pipe
connection (not shown) in a manner well known in the art. A second
differentially operable check valve means 29 is mounted within the
first conduit for passing gaseous fluids through conduit 19 and for
preventing the passage of liquid sewage slurry under pressure from
said one end connected to outlet pipe 22 through the open end 21.
The differentially operable check valve means 29 operates to pass
gaseous fluids in either direction through the first conduit 19 and
hence constitutes both a pump self-priming device as well as an
anti-siphoning device as explained more fully in the
above-referenced U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 305,712.
As noted above, the entire grinder pump core unit is suspended
within coollection tank 10 by a suitable mounting plate that
overlaps a central opening in the tank top 11 and is secured
therein by appropriate mounting bolts and nuts. The grinder pump
core unit is suspended in a manner such that its suction inlet 13
is located a short distance above the bottom of the tank to provide
scouring of the bottom of the tank as noted above. In the event
that the grinder pump core unit requires servicing, all that the
service man need do is to remove the mounting bolts and nuts and
lift the entire core unit out to thereby withdraw it from the tank
for ready access, cleaning, inspection and servicing.
In operation, liquid sewage supplied to the collection tank 10
through the inlet pipe 12 will rise to a certain critical level
where a level sensing electrical switch operatively coupled to and
actuated by a level sensing conduit 25 causes the electric motor
which drives grinder 14 and pump 15 in common to be actuated. This
results in grinding the liquid sewage and entrained solids into a
fine slurry that is pumped out under pressure through the discharge
outlet 16. In normal operation, the differentially operable check
valve 29 will be closed due to the pressure of the pumped liquid
sewage slurry while the check valve 23 will be opened thereby
discharging the liquid sewage under pressure into a collection main
such as those illustrated at 3 in FIG. 1.
Because gaseous fluids can flow in both directions past the
differentially operable check valve 29, liquid in the collection
tank 10 will be allowed to rise to a level within the pump 15 to
cause the pump to be primed before the motor which drives the pump
and grinder in common is turned on by the level sensing arrangement
25. The electrical controls and electric motor driving the pump and
grinder all are contained within a tightly sealed enclosure housing
which protects these portions of the grinder core unit from the
adverse effect of any gasses in tank 10.
In addition to the self-priming feature noted above and in the
further event of vagrant vacuum pockets forming in the low pressure
sewage system as can occur, for example, when there are long,
down-hill runs, the differentially operable second check valve 29
will allow removal of liquid sewage in the discharge conduit 24
down to the point of connection of the second conduit 19.
Thereafter, the differentially operable check valve 29 opens to
provide passage for venting air through the conduit open end 21 and
into the discharge line thereby breaking the vacuum. For a more
detailed description of these features, reference is made to the
above-noted U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 305,712.
FIG. 3 illustrates the "H-Q" semi-positive displacement pumping
characteristics of the grinder pump unit depicted in FIG. 2 of the
drawings and used with each of the generating sites 1 of the system
shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 3, the discharge from the grinder pump
tabulated in gallons per minute is plotted as the abcissa and the
head (pressure of the collection main into which the pump must
discharge) in feet of water, is plotted as the ordinate. From an
examination of this curve, it will be appreciated that the "H-Q"
curve of the grinder pump unit 2 employed in the system of FIG. 1
has as nearly vertical as possible discharge displacement
characteristic with increases in pressure head. It is desirable
that the H-Q curve be absolutely vertical, that is to say, it
possesses a positive displacement characteristic, and such a
characteristic is intended to be included in the more comprehensive
term "semi-positive." However, it has been determined through
experience that in order to provide a pump with solids handling
capability which it must have for the use envisioned, some falling
off of the H-Q curve from a strictly vertical characteristic, is
experienced. For this reason the pump is defined as possessing a
semi-positive H-Q displacement characteristic which, unlike
conventional centrifugal pumps, for example, does not have a
relatively low flow cut-off point and has the ability to pump
significant amounts of liquid at two, three or even more times its
normal design head. That is to say, a significant output flow will
take place within reasonable limits as long as the driving source
has power enough to operate the pump. It will be appreciated,
therefore, that the semi-positive displacement characteristics of
the grinder pump units 2 do not have a "shut-off" pressure head and
provide a significant discharge flow (in gallons per minute) at an
essentially constant rate regardless of the pressure head of the
sewage mains into which they discharge. This is in contrast to the
typical displacement operating characteristics of centrifugal
pumps, for example, which, as indicated in FIG. 3, allow the flow
or discharge to drop off substantially in the range of pressure
heads above approximately eighty feet of water.
In a system application such as depicted in FIG. 1 of the drawings,
where any number of the individual grinder pump units 2 may be
operating simultaneously, the pressure produced in the common
collection main can range 40% or more above design pressure head up
to quite high values of the order of 120 feet of water or higher,
for example. Since there is no practical, economic way in which to
control turn-on and turn-off of the separate, sewage level operated
grinder pump units to thereby control within restricted ranges the
pressure head of the common collection main, it is essential that
the pumps employed in such a system possess the semi-positive
displacement characteristic depicted in FIG. 3 so that they
continue to discharge a significant flow even during those
infrequent but inevitable conditions of operation when the overall
sewage system is stressed beyond its normal design head. Otherwise,
accumulative, multiple-"shut-off" of several pumps (assuming
conventional centrifugal type pumps are employed) might be
experienced under such circumstances. Even if centrifugal pumps are
designed to possess the relatively "steep" displacement
characteristic illustrated in FIG. 3, it can be demonstrated that
during peak flow periods many of such pumps attempting to operate
in a system such as in FIG. 1, could be "shut off". Repeated and
prolonged periods of operation of centrifugal pumps in a flow
shut-off condition can result in harmful vibration and generate
excessive heat from continued recirculation of water in the pump
possibly leading to failure or irreparable damage. Such a condition
is avoided in the system of the present invention by the employment
of grinder pump units 2 having semi-positive displacement
characteristics such as are illustrated in FIG. 3. It should be
noted at this point in the description, that while applicants have
disclosed a preferred form of semi-positive displacement pump,
there are other known forms of semi-positive displacement pumps
having solids handling capability which could be used in the system
herein disclosed.
In FIG. 1 of the drawings, the various component parts of the
overall low pressure sewage system are identified by the following
symbols and associated reference numbers:
(1) Sewage generating site (2) Grinder Pump (3) Small diameter,
non- corroding, non-rusting, pipe of appropriate diameter to handle
design flow and sufficiently flexible to follow contour of land (4)
Anti-ciphon valve (5) Combination clean-out, flushing station, air
purging, manual air release and air accumulator (6) Sectional
division valve (8) System control regulator valve (9) Redundant
check valve
From a comparison of the above list of symbols to FIG. 1 of the
drawings it will be appreciated that each sewage generating site 1
normally is connected to a low pressure sewage main 3 through its
grinder pump unit 2, an anti-siphoning valve assembly 4 (which
corresponds to the differentially operable second check valve means
19, 20, 21, and 29 in FIG. 2), a second or redundant check valve
means 9 and suitable piping of appropriate diameter together with
required connectors, elbows, couplings, etc. The redundant check
valve means 9 may be similar in construction to the first check
valve means 23 shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings and may comprise a
conventional, commercially available flapper-type check valve or as
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,664,775. The redundant check valve
means 9 preferably is inserted in the piping connection 24 to the
low pressure main 3 at a point between the discharge of the grinder
pump 2 on the output side of its associated outlet discharge check
valve 23 and the intersection of the connecting pipe with low
pressure sewage main 3. Preferably the redundant check valve 9 is
located substantially at the intersection of the connection to the
low pressure main 3 for reasons to be discussed hereafter. It will
be noted in FIG. 1 of the drawings, that not all of the associated
grinder pump units, anti-siphoning valve assemblies and redundant
check valves have been illustrated for each of the sewage
generating sites 1. This omission was for the pupose of
simplification of the drawings and in view of the belief that the
number indicated are sufficient to illustrate the concept to a
reader of the disclosure.
As described above, redundant check valves (9) may comprise any
conventional, commerical check valve, but preferably are fabricated
from a suitable, non-rusting, non-corroding plastic such as
polyethylene or polyvinylchloride (P.V.C.), A flapper-type check
valve construction is preferred and may, for example, be similar to
the flapper-type valve construction described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,664,775 issued May 23, 1972. The redundant check valve 9 is in
addition to the discharge outlet 23 which normally is included as
an integral part of the grinder pump core unit, and can be removed
along with the core unit for servicing. Under such conditions, it
will be appreciated that the redundant check valve 9 will serve as
a means for withholding pressurized sewage in the low pressure
sewage main 3 from flowing back into and flooding the collection
tank 10 unless a manually operated cut-off valve also is included.
Where the additional expense can be tolerated, it is preferred that
each sewage generating site be provided with a manual shut-off
valve similar in construction and operation (but of smaller size)
to the division or section cut-off valves 6 to be described
hereinafter with reference to FIG. 4. Such manual shut-off valves,
if used, would be placed in the piping connection between the first
check valve 23 on the grinder pump unit 2 and the point of
connection to the common low pressure sewage main 3 and may be
located on either side of the redundant check valve 9 but
preferebly on the main side. By the inclusion of the redundant
check valve 9 only a minimum amount of backflow of pressurized
sewage contained in the interconnecting pipe from the grinder pump
unit out to the low pressure sewage main, can take place whether or
not an additional, manually operated cut-off valve is provided (or
not used if provided). Normally, this amount of sewage readily can
be accommodated in the collection tank 10 while servicing of the
grinder pump core unit is to be carried out. Hence, it will be
appreciated that inclusion of the redundant check valve 9 also
facilitates maintenance and servicing of the grinder pump core
unit.
Another advantage obtained by the use of the redundant check valve
9 from a systems point of view occurs in the original installation
of the sewage main. Consider the case of a land developer who does
not want to build homes in a development all at the same time and
connect their respective grinder pump units to a low pressure
sewage main being installed to serve the homes. The low pressure
sewage main 3 can be run at relatively low cost and at locations
along the main where lots for homes are located, inlets to the main
can be installed with redundant check valves and capped.
Thereafter, as a home is built on a particular lot, its grinder
pump unit can be installed and connected through suitable outlet
piping to the appropriate preinstalled inlet to the main, the cap
removed, and the home placed in service all without disruption of
service to other homes served by the same main.
However, in addition to the above-discussed desirable features, the
inclusion of the redundant check valve 9 serves to reduce or
minimize the transient load placed on the grinder pump unit motors
during each start-up of the grinder pump unit when its sewage level
sensor actuates the motor. This rather unexpected advantage is
obtained by reason of the fact that the redundant check valve
serves for some definite time interval (determined at least in part
by the length of piping connection between the redundant check
valve 9 and the grinder pump unit 2 and the amount of air
(compressible fluid trapped therein) to withhold the instantaneous
pressure head of the low pressure sewage main 3 from being imposed
as a load on the grinder pump during start-up intervals while the
pump is starting and building up a sufficient pressure head to
cause the first outlet and redundant check valves to open and allow
a discharge flow of liquid sewage slurry into the common main 3.
This characteristic will be appreciated better from the following
discussion.
Assume, for example, that at a point in time when start-up of an
individual grinder pump unit is called for by its sewage level
sensor (which may be any random time), it is a time when a large
number of residences on the same main are using their facilities
and a considerable number of grinder pump units are discharging
into the common low pressure sewage main 3. Under such conditions,
the low pressure sewage main 3 will be operating above its normal
design pressure head, for example, to a value of 120 feet of water,
where its normal design head is 81 feet of water. Under these
circumstances, the redundant check valve 9 will withhold the 120
feet of water head as a load on the grinder pump upon its initial
start-up. Assume further that just prior to the pump-out period the
low pressure sewage main had been operating at the normal, design
81 feet of water pressure head. Under these conditions, the fluid
including liquid sewage entrained in the interconnecting pipe 24
between the redundant check valve 9 and the first discharge outlet
check valve 23 will be at the normal 81 feet of water design
pressure head. Finally, it should be noted that it is a
characteristic operating phenomenon observed with pressure sewer
systems that some air (a compressible fluid) gets entrained in the
connecting pipe (second conduit 24 between the first discharge
outlet check valve 23 and the redundant check valve 9. Some of this
trapped air is due to air trapped in the length of the outlet pipe
22 between first discharge outlet check valvee 23 and the point of
connection of the venting first conduit 19 following each operation
of the grinder pump. Upon the next start-up of the grinder pump,
some of this trapped column of air is compressed by the slug of
water discharged from pump 15 and upon opening of the first check
valve 23, is introduced into the fluid column in second conduit 24
between the first check valve 23 and the redundant check valve 9.
Thereafter, following initial start-up, the grinder pump will be
allowed to discharge into the second conduit 24 at the relatively
lower design pressure head of 81 feet of water while it is coming
up to speed and for the interval of time required for the pump to
build up sufficient pressure in the fluid (including the quantity
of air mentioned above) in the interconnecting pipe 24 from the
grinder pump discharge to the low pressure main 3 to cause the
redundant check valve 9 to open against the instantaneous full back
pressure of main 3 and to start discharging liquid sewage at the
higher pressure head into the common sewage main. It will be
appreciated therefore, that this characteristic of the system, made
possible by the inclusion of the redundant check valve, tends to
reduce or minimize to the greatest possible extent the transient
starting load on the grinder pump, thereby providing additional
protection against undesired stressing or overloading of the
grinder pump. It further minimizes or cushions mechanical shocks
due to water hammer in the system.
A further considerable advantage made possible by the inclusion of
the redundant check valves 9 in the low pressure sewage system is
that they allow the individual grinder pump units to see (i.e.,
have imposed on them) the lowest pressure head which occurred in
the common main 3 during the intervening period of time between
each operating interval of the grinder pump. To illustrate this
characteristic, consider again the example described in the
preceeding paragraph. After the grinder pump empties its collection
tank, it will cease pumping and the high 120 feet of water head
pressure in the common main will cause the redundant and first
check valves to snap shut upon the discharge presssure from the
pump dropping to a value less than 120 feet of water head.
Thereafter, during the night, for example, should the pressure in
the common main drop to a lower value, such as the design head of
81 feet of water or even lower, perhaps to 45 feet of water, the
redundant check valve 9 will open and allow the liquid slurry
sewage trapped in the interconnecting pipe 24 to discharge into the
now lower pressure common main. Thus, at the time of the next
start-up, the grinder pump will see the lowest pressure head
assumed by the common main 3 during the intervening time period
between its last operation and the time of start-up.
In order to assure that some air will be trapped in the second
conduit 24 (although this phenomenon occurs despite efforts to keep
it out), it is possible to modify the grinder pump structure in the
manner shown in dotted outline form in FIG. 2. In this proposed
alternative construction, an air accumulator in the form of a
vertically extending stand pipe 71 is connected to the second
conduit 24 at a point on the outlet side of the first discharge
check valve 23 but is located within the container 10. The air
accumulator stand pipe 71 is capped at 72 and may include a
clean-out plug 73 for cleaning the stand pipe should it tend to
clog. With this alternative arrangement, it will be assured that
some air always will be trapped in the vertically extending stand
pipe 71 thereby assuring the presence of a compressible fluid in
the length of interconnecting pipe 24 between the first outlet
discharge check valve 23 and the redundant check valve 9. As a
consequence, all of the above-noted advantageous operating features
of minimizing the initial or transient starting load on the grinder
pump as well as minimizing mechanical shock in the form of water
hammer, are attained.
As an alternate to the stand pipe construction shown in dotted
outline form in FIG. 2, the air accumulator 71 could be provided in
the form of a small tank connected to the second conduit 24 at some
point intermediate the first outlet check valve 23 and the
redundant check valve 9. In such an arrangement the air accumulator
tank would be provided with an expandable diaphragm dividing the
tank into two parts and having air trapped in back of the
diaphragm. During pump-out operation of the grinder pump or other
high pressure conditions arising in the second conduit 24, the
expandable diaphragm would compress the trapped air and provide
assurance that the fluid column extending between the discharge
outlet check valve 23 and the redundant check valve 9 would have
some compressibility.
Still a third alternative arrangement would be to include a small
controlled orifice leak at the point indicated by the clean-out
plug 73 of the dotted outline construction shown in FIG. 2. It will
be noted that any such leak would be contained within the
collection tank 10 so that liquid seeping through the leak would be
returned to the interior of tank 10. Because of the pressures at
which the system is designed to operate, the leak would tend to be
self-cleaning and would further assure the entrapment of air in the
stand pipe 72. As a matter of fact, it is possible to eliminate the
stand pipe 72 and use only the leak in its place provided some
means is included for returning leakage through the leak to the
interior of the tank 10. The leak would provide a controlled
orifice through which air would be siphoned into the second outlet
conduit 24 to thereby assure the presence of a compressible fluid
in the length of pipe between the two check valves during operation
of the grinder pump. During the static holding condition between
each operating period of the grinder pump, the controlled orifice
would allow some of the entrapped liquid sewage in the column to
leak back into the collection tank 10, again for the purpose of
assuring the presence of a small amount of air (compressible fluid)
in the liquid column between the two check valves.
All of the above-discussed alternative arrangements ordinarily need
not be included in a grinder pump installation, except where a
particular installation has exhibited a tendency to produce water
rattle and its associated mechanical shock to the system during the
initial start-up of the grinder pump and while it is coming up to
pressure. Under such circumstances, any of the above-discussed
alternative arrangements could be employed to further assure the
presence of a cushioning, compressible fluid in the output fluid
column extending between the discharge outlet check valve 23 and
the redundant check valve 9.
In cases where the water rattle problem is not too severe, it would
be possible to overcome any tendency to produce water rattle by
locating the first discharge outlet check valve 23 at a point
further along the discharge outlet piping system from the
interconnection of the first air venting conduit 19 so as to
maximize the length of the pipe column extending between the first
outlet discharge check valve 23 and the point of interconnection of
the air venting conduit 19. By constructing the anti-siphon/air
venting assembly in this manner a maximum cushioning column of air
(compressible fluid) will be introduced into the piping system
which will tend to cushion the impact effect of the discharge
column of wastewater liquid sewage as it is discharged from the
grinder pump 15.
While this last described feature of construction is more simple
and requires fewer parts, the inclusion of an air accumulator such
as shown in dotted outline form at 71 and 72 in FIG. 2, in addition
to providing the desired presence of a compressible fluid (air) in
the outlet piping between the two check valves, would further serve
to protect the grinder pump unit from backwardly traveling
mechanical shock waves that are produced in the low pressure sewage
piping systems by other components of the system. While the grinder
pumps are operating, externally produced mechanical shock waves,
perhaps produced by other grinder pumps coming on the line at the
same time, might be transmitted back through the piping system to
impact the flexible stator of an already operating grinder pump
unit. Such an impact, if sufficiently severe, could be the cause of
a stator failure due to blow-out. By including an air accumulator
as shown in dotted outline form in FIG. 2, or one which employs a
flexible diaphragm, controlled orifice leak, etc., protection for
the grinder pump stator is provided since the air accumulator would
absorb and dampen any such reverse mechanical shocks traveling
through the piping system.
The low pressure sewage mains 3 are sized in accordance with the
number and capacity of the sewage generating sites which a
particular section or division of the main must serve. Thus, in
FIG. 1, assuming that the final sewage disposal or collecting site
is shown at 31, then the section of the low pressure sewage main 3
depicted by the reference numeral 32 can employ a smaller diameter
pipe than, say, a section 33 or 34 which must accommodate not only
the flow from section 32 but from additional sections or divisions
of the system. Thus, the sizing of the low pressure sewage main is
determined by the number and capacity of the sewage generating
sites, the design pressure head and desired scouring velocity at
which it is desired that the system normally operate, the strength
of the piping or the conduit from which the mains are formed, its
ability to withstand negative pressure, a design margin for
insurance protection against over-pressures, along with
considerations for maintaining sufficient flexibility to allow the
main to follow the contour of the land in which it is installed.
For the most part, all of these considerations are used in
determining the sizing of particular sections of the low pressure
sewage mains 3. For the most part, polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic
piping of appropriate diameter to to satisfy the above
requirements, can be used in installing the main 3 and
interconnecting piping 24 to each grinder pump. The piping can be
installed in sections of 40 feet length or more just below the
frost line or sufficiently deep to protect it from the likelihood
of damage. While PVC plastic piping is preferred, other comparable
materials having the physical characteristics noted can be used
satisfactorily in fabricating the piping, couplings, joints,
valves, etc., used in the system.
In a preferred system as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings, it is
desirable that each section or division of the overall system which
are readily identified by reason of the planned layout or community
plot, be subject to cut-off and isolation for servicing through the
medium of installed sectional division cutoff valves. FIG. 4 is a
partially cut-away view of a preferred form of construction and
installation of a divisional cutoff valve. The valve itself is
shown schematically at 6 and may comprise any commercially
available manually operated gate valve or comparable device with a
smooth invert or bottom. The valve body 6 preferably is secured in
place on a concrete thrust block 41 and is disposed within a
cylindrically shaped pipe that extends vertically upward over the
valve 6 to the surface and is closed by a suitably heavy but
removable top 43. The gate valve 6 has an actuating member 44 which
is accessible through the removable top 43 by means of an elongated
wrench (not shown) that can be secured to the actuating member 44
and manually turned so as to open or close the sectional divisional
valve from the surface. Thus, it will be appreciated that where by
reason of servicing or other requirements, it is necessary to shut
off (or open) particular sections of the overall system, all that
is required is that the service man open the top 43 and, using an
elongated gripping wrench (not shown), selectively close or open
the sectional divisional valve 6.
In addition to the sectional divisional valves, it is desirable
that substantially each of the sections of the system include a
combination clean out, flushing station, air purging, air
accumulator and manual air release facility or installation to
facilitate maintenance and servicing. Each of these facilities or
stations are depicted by the pentagonal shaped symbols 5 and
preferably are installed at the ends of cul-de-sacs, the ends of
each block or section being serviced by the system, on one or both
sides of the sectional divisional valves 6, etc. FIG. 5 of the
drawings illustrates a preferred construction for such combination
clean-out, flushing, air purging stations or installations. As
shown in FIG. 5, the low pressure sewage main 3 is connected
through suitable couplings and elbow sections to a riser section
51, adapter 52, reducer 53 and nipple 54 to a manually operated
gate valve 55 which may have a second nipple 56 threaded to its
outlet side. The arrangement is installed in a sufficiently large
access pit formed in the surface of the ground and closed by a
removable cover lid of adequate strength to protect the
installation. With this arrangement, it will be appreciated that
any air trapped in the system will tend to rise into the upright
portion of the piping where it can be bled off at periodic
servicing intervals merely by opening the manually operated gate
valve 55. Further, by connection of the nipple 56 to a source of
high pressure air, it is possible to use the installation for air
purging. If it is desired to clean out the system by flushing with
water, routing, etc., the reducer 53 together with other parts
connected to it above the adapter 52 may be removed allowing
connection of a hose or pipe or insertion of a router or other
cleaning equipment for cleaning purposes. At certain locations in
the system it may be desirable to install two clean-out stations,
one on each side of a sectional divisional valve in order to
service the piping system in either direction from the divisional
valve in the manner depicted at 50 and 60 in FIG. 1 of the
drawings. the provision of such combination clean-out stations at
strategic points throughout the low pressure sewer system greatly
facilitates maintenance and servicing of the sewer system.
In reviewing FIG. 1, it should be noted that the amount of
installed piping is reduced to a minimum. This is for the purpose
of reducing installation costs by minimizing the amount of
trenching and damage to the ground surface as well as reducing the
labor content required in installing the system. If desired, the
low pressure sewage system readily could be modified to include
closed loops to facilitate bypassing of particular sections or
divisions of a section while still maintaining service to other
sections. In FIG. 1, for example, this could be achieved by
installing dotted line interconnections such as shown at 61 in the
upper left hand portion of FIG. 1, including the additional
sectional divisional valves 62. With such an arrangement, for
example, it would be possible to service any one of the residences
connected to the low pressure sewage main 35 by closing the
sectional divisional valves 46 and 47 and servicing through the
combination clean-out stations 58 and 59. Low pressure sewer
service would be maintained to the other sections otherwise served
through main 35 by opening the bypass connection sectional valve
62. Extreme caution should be observed while operating the system
in this mode, however, and any prolonged period of operation while
the bypass connection is in the system should be avoided. The
arrangement is included only to accommodate emergency repair and
servicing problems and should not be used for extended periods of
operation.
A similar result preferably is obtained with the system of FIG. 1
without requiring the permanent installation of the bypass
connection 61 and associated sectional divisional valves 62. This
can be achieved through the combination clean out installations or
stations 78 and 79 by connecting a portable hose or pipe between
these two combination clean out stations. When used in this manner,
a service man can make a jumper connection between the two
combination clean out stations 78 and 79 thereby maintaining sewer
service through the sections not requiring maintenance without the
need for a permanent installation or interconnection in the manner
depicted in dotted outline form. By thus designing the system to
provide for portable jumper interconnections of reasonable length
between the various combination clean out installations or
stationss 5, it is possible to achieve a considerable savings in
installed piping not to mention the savings in labor for
installation, disturbance to the ground surface and otherwise
unnecessary piping. This can be a considerable savings factor
particularly where a community is located in rocky terrain and
trenching costs are significant.
In addition to the above-discussed features, a well-designed low
pressure sewer system may include at particular high points in the
system such as depicted at 81, suitable air relief valves and/or
air and vacuum relief valves such as the commercially available
line of "APCO" valves manufactured and sold by the Valve and Primer
Corporation of Chicago, Illinois. It will be noted that the air
and/or vacuum release valve 81 is located at the crest of a hill in
the community between elevation lines of 560 feet and from this
crest there is a downward slope for the low pressure sewage main 34
on either side of the appurtenance. By the inclusion of an air
and/or vacuum release valve 81 at this point where it is not
unlikely and, if fact, quite predictable that vagrant air and/or
vacuum pockets will be formed, the device automatically will vent
any such air and/or vacuum pockets to the atmosphere upon their
occurrence thereby minimizing disturbances to the system.
It is further desirable that any well-designed low pressure sewage
system such as that shown in FIG. 1 also include a pressure
regulating device shown at 8 at some point in the system.
Preferably, the pressure regulating device 8 may comprise any
conventional, commercially available pressure regulator valve such
as those manufactured and sold by the Kennedy Valve Manufacturing
Co., Inc. or the BP 130 Bypass Control Valve manufactured and sold
by the Watts Regulator Co. These or other comparable pressure
regulator valves desirably would be inserted in at least that
common low pressure sewer main 34 which is connected to and feeds
sewage under pressure to the disposal site 31, and, if desired,
could be located in others of the sectional divisional mains where
it is desired to maintain sewage in the line particularly at the
end of downhill runs.
In addition to the above considerations, it may be necessary
(because of particularly abrupt or severe changes in terrain of a
community in which a system is being installed) to include as part
of the system a lift station such as depicted at 91. Normally, lift
stations are designed to handle large quantities of sewage and,
hence, must be installed at some point in the system where there is
a considerable accumulation of sewage under pressure to justify its
expense and use in the system. In the situation depicted by FIG. 1,
it will be assumed, for example, that in place of an elevation line
of say 520 feet, the elevation rises to, say, a level of 600 feet
at the disposal site 31. For such substantial increases in
elevation, which would overload the system above the design
operating heads of the grinder pump units employed in the system,
it would be necessary to include the addition of a lift station
such as is depicted in dotted outline form at 91 to lift the sewage
under pressure to the higher level sewage disposal site and further
processing.
From the foregoing description it will be appreciated that the
invention provides a new and improved pressure sewage system which
employs a multiplicity of separate, individually operating grinder
pumps of the type having semi-positive displacement characteristics
for first grinding and then pumping sewage under pressure through
low pressure sewage distribution mains to a disposal site. The low
pressure sewage distribution mains may be comprised by small
diameter, flexible, non-corroding pipes that need only be buried
under the frost line and can follow the contour of the terrain of
the community in which the system is installed. By reason of the
use of self-priming, self-scouring grinder pumps having
semi-positive displacement characteristics, it is assured that
positive outflow of sewage will always take place under
substantially all operating conditions that reasonably can be
expected to be encountered and irrespective of wide variations in
pressure head of the sewage main into which the individual grinder
pumps must discharge. In addition, the system provides automatic
anti-siphoning protection that corrects for any problems that could
arise due to vagrant vacuum pockets that are produced or otherwise
might occur in a low pressure sewage system and additionally
includes the provision of a non-clogging redundant check valve for
minimizing transient overloads on the grinder pump motors during
start-up as well as minimizing or relieving water hammer and
mechanical shock otherwise produced in the system by the grinder
pumps at start-up.
Having described several embodiments of a preferred low pressure
sewage system constructed in accordance with the invention, it is
believed obvious that other modifications, variations and changes
may be made in the system by those skilled in the art in the light
of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that
changes may be made in the particular embodiments of the invention
disclosed which are within the full intended scope of the invention
as defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *