U.S. patent number 3,904,119 [Application Number 05/422,094] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-09 for air-fuel spray nozzle.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Avco Corporation. Invention is credited to Sidney C. Watkins.
United States Patent |
3,904,119 |
Watkins |
September 9, 1975 |
Air-fuel spray nozzle
Abstract
A spray nozzle is disclosed for obtaining an air-fuel mixture
within the confines of the nozzle. Fuel is directed radially
outwardly from a central housing into a helical passage about the
central housing. Air passing in the helical passage between the
central housing and outer wall mixes with the fuel so that a
uniform mixture of fuel and air exits from the nozzle into the
surrounding area.
Inventors: |
Watkins; Sidney C. (Bridgeport,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Avco Corporation (Stratford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23673362 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/422,094 |
Filed: |
December 5, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/405; 60/737;
60/749; 60/748; 239/431 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
7/10 (20130101); F23D 11/38 (20130101); F23D
11/105 (20130101); B05B 7/0466 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F23D
11/38 (20060101); F23D 11/10 (20060101); F23D
11/36 (20060101); B05B 7/02 (20060101); B05B
7/04 (20060101); B05B 7/10 (20060101); B05B
007/10 (); B05B 007/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/399,403,405,406,425,429-431 ;60/39.74R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Kashnikow; Andres
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hogan; Charles M. Garfinkle; Irwin
P. Goodale; Eugene C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A spray nozzle for mixing fuel and air therein, said nozzle
comprising:
a cylindrical housing having an inner chamber on the axis thereof,
a plurality of circumferentially spaced helical vanes radially
extending outwardly from said housing, said vanes extending over
essentially the entire length of said housing, said chamber having
a fuel inlet and a plurality of fuel outlets, each of said fuel
outlets extending radially through said housing into the spaces
between said vanes;
a cylindrical wall mounted coaxially with said cylindrical housing,
said wall being spaced from said housing by said vanes, said vanes
contacting said housing throughout the entire length of said vanes
to provide a plurality of helical passages, each of said fuel
outlets communicating with a respective passage, said housing
having an air inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end, the
outlet end of said cylindrical wall being formed with a radially
inwardly projecting lip;
means supplying fuel to said chamber under pressure, whereby all of
said fuel flows radially into said helical passages; and
means for flowing air through said helical passages whereby all of
said fuel supplied to said chamber is mixed with air moving through
said passages, and mixed fuel and air exits from said outlet.
2. The nozzle as set forth in claim 1 further comprising restrictor
means in the inlet end of said central housing wherein fuel passing
therethrough is metered by said restrictor to insure uniform
distribution of fuel to the chamber.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to fuel atomizing nozzles, but
more particularly to air-fuel spray nozzles to provide a uniformly
atomized air-fuel mixture.
The use of air-spray fuel injection systems is widely known
particularly in the internal combustion engine field, where it is
important to insure that finely atomized fuel, at the correct
air-fuel ratio, is supplied to the engine for ignition. Gas turbine
engines, however, have similar requirements for ignition, but
somewhat less stringent requirements after ignition is achieved. In
one particular type of combustor it is necessary to supply a
fuel-air mixture of substantially constant richness ratio having a
uniform droplet size into the primary zone through an annular duct.
The means of fuel atomization must not allow any of the fuel
droplets produced to wet the walls of the duct, since wet walls
provide big drops that will sooner or later enter the combustor and
pass through it, largely unburnt. All prior type pressure atomizing
nozzles can achieve the level of atomization required, but some
fuel droplets will possess sufficient momentum to pass through the
airstream, and impinge on the duct walls. Streaky sprays, normally
acceptable, contain large drops which cannot follow the airstream,
and either impinge on the duct walls or enter the primary zone and
burn poorly, or not at all.
Accordingly, it is the object of this invention to provide an
air-fuel spray nozzle which permits the air and fuel to be mixed
within the space of the nozzle.
A further object of this invention is to provide an air-fuel spray
nozzle which will atomize the fuel for mixture with the air.
A still further object of this invention is to provide an air-fuel
spray nozzle which provides a uniformly distributed air-fuel
mixture exiting from the nozzle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides an improved air-fuel spray nozzle having
particular utility in gas turbine engines. The nozzle directs fuel
radially outwardly from a central housing into helical passages
formed between the central housing and outer wall. Air passing
through the helical passages mixes with the fuel therein such that
a uniformly distributed air-fuel mixture exits from the nozzle into
the surrounding area. Means are provided to equalize and insure
that an equal mixture occurs.
Other objects, details, uses and advantages of this invention will
become apparent as the following description of one exemplary
embodiment thereof presented in the accompanying drawings
proceeds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings show a present exemplary embodiment of
this invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a gas turbine combustor
incorporating the nozzle of this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the spray nozzle of
this invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a view of the nozzle with the outer wall removed to show
the vanes therein.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
Reference is now made to FIG. 1 of the drawings which illustrates
one exemplary embodiment of the improved air-fuel spray nozzle of
this invention, which is designated generally by the reference
numeral 10. The nozzle 10 is mounted within an air passage 11 of a
typical combustor generally designated as 13, the combustor 13
being mounted within the primary air flow path 15 of a gas turbine
engine upstream of the compressor turbine stage.
As particularly seen in FIGS. 2-4, the nozzle 10 comprises a
central portion or housing 12. An outer wall or cap 14 is secured
coaxially with the central housing 12 and is supported thereabout
by a plurality of helically extending vanes 16. The passageways
defined by the respective vanes 16 and outer wall 14 are open at
each end thereby providing an air passageway therethrough.
Fuel is supplied to the nozzle 10 through a suitable line 18 which
is secured by suitable means such as brazing or the like, to the
central housing 12. The housing 12 includes a restrictor 20 between
the fuel line 18 and an open fuel chamber 22. A cap or plug 24
seals the one end of the chamber 22. Extending radially outwardly
from the fuel chamber 22 and extending through the housing 12 is a
plurality of apertures or bores 26. The bores 26 provide
communication between the fuel chamber 22 and the helical air
passageways. As particularly seen in FIG. 3, a bore 26 is in
communication with each of the respectively helical air
passageways.
When fuel is delivered to the nozzle 10, the restrictor 20
equalizes such fuel supplied and meters the amount of fuel to the
fuel chamber 22. Fuel is transmitted radially outwardly through the
respective bores 26 into each passageway defined by the respective
vanes 16. The vanes form a helical passageway through the nozzle 10
such that air passing therethrough is caused to move in a rotary or
screw fashion. The fuel exiting from the bores 26 is atomized and
mixed with the air moving through the respectively helical
passageways thereby forming a swirling ring of air-fuel mixture in
the space defined by the end of the housing 12 and the inwardly
projecting lip 28 of the wall 14. Thus, an air-fuel mixture is
discharged from the orifice formed by the lip 28 into the turbulent
air in the passage 11 (FIG. 1) downstream of the nozzle where
further fuel break up and mixing occur.
It is thus seen that the nozzle provides for an initial mixing of
the air and fuel within the confines of the nozzle itself. The
air-fuel mixture that is discharged from the nozzle is less likely
to impinge on the walls of the combustor and is more easily mixed
with the added air in the airstream.
Accordingly, it is seen that the objectives hereinbefore set forth
have been accomplished.
While a present exemplary embodiment of this invention has been
illustrated and described, it will be recognized that this
invention may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced by
those skilled in the art.
* * * * *