U.S. patent number 3,904,116 [Application Number 05/539,867] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-09 for portable cordless sprayer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Disston, Inc.. Invention is credited to John E. Jones, Lynn D. Lineback, Charles F. Sherrill.
United States Patent |
3,904,116 |
Jones , et al. |
September 9, 1975 |
Portable cordless sprayer
Abstract
A portable cordless sprayer comprises a housing structure which
detachably secures to a liquid container. The housing structure
provides a handle which mounts a control switch. The housing also
supports a compartment which is suspended within the container and
houses a pump and batteries. The liquid is sprayed through a
conduit and nozzle arrangement which can be stored on the housing.
The pump has a bypass check valve and the nozzle has a shut-off
valve with operating pressures selected so that the pump will be
primed with the nozzle closed and before spraying commences and so
that the nozzle closes quickly when spraying stops. The liquid
container may be refilled when depleted. However, in the preferred
embodiment, the nozzle operates bidirectionally and the pump is
reversible which enables the pump to be used as a means to refill
the container to minimize contact with insecticides, et cetera.
Inventors: |
Jones; John E. (Danville,
VA), Lineback; Lynn D. (Danville, VA), Sherrill; Charles
F. (Danville, VA) |
Assignee: |
Disston, Inc. (Danville,
VA)
|
Family
ID: |
24152991 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/539,867 |
Filed: |
January 9, 1975 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/127; 239/332;
222/333; 239/532 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
9/0866 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
9/08 (20060101); B05B 009/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/127,124,302,375,532,332,571 ;222/333 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Mar; Michael
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Olive; B. B.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A portable cordless apparatus for disbursing a liquid under
pressure for spraying, and the like, comprising:
a. an integral molded housing having an upper horizontal
handle-shaped compartment, a base portion with an open bottom
appended below said handle compartment, and a lower cup-shaped
compartment having an open top end secured to and centrally of said
base portion;
b. a liquid container formed by side, bottom and top walls, said
top wall being formed to centrally mount said base portion and
having a central opening to receive said cup compartment for
suspension within said container during normal operation;
c. locking means for releasably locking said liquid container to
said base portion with said cup compartment so suspended;
d. a pump having a battery powered motor and mounted within said
cup compartment, said pump having an inlet pipe extending through
the wall of said cup compartment and terminating within said
container proximate said container bottom wall, having an outlet
pipe terminating externally of said housing, said pump further
having bypass piping connected to bypass fluid from the outlet side
of said pump to said container and including a check valve with a
ball free to move between open and close positions dependent on the
pressure developed at said pump outlet side;
e. battery means mounted in said cup compartment;
f. a manual control switch mounted in said handle compartment and
having connected wiring extending through said handle compartment
and base portion to said cup compartment enabling said switch to
connect said battery means to said pump motor and thereby operate
said pump;
g. circuit means mounted in said housing and adapting said battery
means to be connected to external charging means; and
h. conduit means connected to said outlet pipe and adapted to
disburse said liquid through a nozzle in some predetermined
pattern, said nozzle including a spring loaded ball check valve
therein, said bypass piping check valve and nozzle check valve
being designed with operating pressures such that said pump
operates through said piping and bypass valve until fully primed
and after priming develops sufficient pressure to open said nozzle
check valve and maintain said nozzle check valve open so long as
but only so long as said pump operates.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said conduit means
comprises:
a. a flexible conduit connected to said pump outlet pipe and
extending therefrom; and
b. a wand assembly providing a handle member, a rigid conduit
portion connected at one end to said flexible conduit, and a liquid
dispensing nozzle connected at an opposite end of said flexible
conduit for controlling the dispensing and spray pattern of said
liquid.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said locking means comprises
mating locking flanges formed respectively in said base portion and
on said container top wall and adapted to provide locking and
unlocking by partial rotation of said housing relative to said
container.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pump comprises a pair of
motor driven intermeshed gears, a pressure plate arranged to
contact one end of said gears and spring means arranged to maintain
said plate in said contact.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said pump comprises a
reversible pump, said nozzle is operable bidirectionally and said
switch is arranged to selectively connect said pump for operating
for either corresponding direction thereby enabling said container
to be refilled by reversing said pump and drawing fluid through
said nozzle.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said cup compartment comprises
a cup-shaped vessel adapted to be releasably secured to and within
said base portion and said container is adapted to be releasably
secured to and within said base portion with the respective
securement of the vessel being independent of the respective
securement of the container.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to sprayers and particularly to cordless,
battery-powered garden and yard sprayers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventional portable sprayers for dispensing liquids, e.g.,
insecticides, pesticides, and the like, have generally comprised a
manual air pump and an attached receptacle. Portable paint sprayers
have used A.C. driven pumps, compressed air tanks, and the like, as
a pressure source. More recently, cordless sprayers have appeared
in the market and which use battery-operated pumps under the
tradenames "Burgess", "Black and Decker", "Hudson", "Tudor" and
"Rockwell".
Typical prior art includes the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 1,411,513;
2,257,725; 2,651,545; 2,737,413; 2,752,200; 2,923,481; 2,969,809;
2,980,343; 3,002,599; 3,072,345; 3,140,830; 3,219,278; 3,524,593;
and 3,670,966.
The available cordless sprayers offer many advantages; however, an
optimum arrangement has not been achieved and there remain many
disadvantages such as poor weight balance, nozzle leakage, poor
refilling arrangements and substantial lack of versatility for the
many applications and conditions in which cordless sprayers can be
used.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention covers a cordless, battery-powered garden and
yard sprayer. The sprayer includes a balanced handle and housing
combination having a horizontally-disposed external recess and a
container or reservoir for liquid storage. The pump, motor and
batteries are stored in a cup-like compartment which is suspended
in the container. A spraying wand assembly employed in the
invention apparatus includes a flexible conduit having a rigid
terminal outer end nozzle portion. The flexible portion connects to
the reservoir, through a self-priming pump and reversible drive
motor arrangement and may be either coiled around the sprayer
housing in the mentioned recess with the rigid portion clamped to
the housing for spraying in such clamped position or may be used in
a fully uncoiled position. The spraying wand nozzle may be adjusted
for the type spray or stream condition desired.
A fluid discharge system which minimizes leakage includes a bypass
arrangement at the pump and a ball check valve at the nozzle
coordinated with respect to their operating pressures such that the
pump operates through the bypass until fully primed and after
priming, the fluid pressure opens the nozzle check valve and
maintains the nozzle check valve open so long as, but only so long
as, the pump operates.
In the preferred embodiment, the nozzle operates bidirectionally
and the pump is reversible. By reversing the motor direction, the
pump and nozzle can be used as a means of replenishing the fluid
supply. The nozzle has a hole near the spray end and a slidable
tube which can be moved rearwardly to expose this hole such that
the nozzle can be immersed in a liquid supply and draw replacement
fluid into the container.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the portable cordless sprayer of
the invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded pictorial view of the sprayer.
FIG. 3 is an elevation section view taken substantially through the
center of the sprayer with the wire leads having been omitted from
the view for clarity.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the sprayer with portions thereof cut
away for clarity and illustration.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation section view of the spraying
wand handle.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary side elevation view of the pump and bypass
ball check valve used in the sprayer.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side elevation section view of the pump and
reversible drive motor used in the sprayer.
FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of the container cup assembly used
in the sprayer.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of the container cup assembly used in the
sprayer.
FIG. 10 is a side elevation section view through the nozzle of the
preferred embodiment adapted both for spraying and refilling.
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary end elevation section view illustrating
the locking relationship of the container and housing and
illustrating the rigid tube clamp.
FIG. 12 is a side elevation section view through an alternative
type nozzle used for spraying only and slightly enlarged.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1, a
portable cordless garden and yard sprayer incorporating the
features of the invention is designated generally by numeral 10.
The sprayer includes a container 11 serving as a reservoir for the
liquid to be sprayed. Container 11 receives in a locking relation a
housing designated generally by numeral 12. A pump assembly
generally designated 13 receives a flexible tube 14 which in turn
receives a wand assembly generally designated 15 and a nozzle
assembly generally designated 16.
Referring particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3 for a description of
housing 12, left housing section 20 is designed to, when ready for
assembly, mate with right housing section 21 by means of screws 22
which mount in screw insets 23 provided in the left housing section
20. Housing 12 is preferably molded of lightweight plastic and
provides a substantially horizontal tubular compartment forming a
handle portion 24 as best shown in FIG. 3 and which provides room
for internal mounting of the control switch 25 and associated
wiring 26 (FIG. 2). Handle portion 24, made up of left and right
housing sections 20, 21, has a slot molded into each housing
section. Slot 29 of section 20 and slot 30 of section 21, when
plated together, mate and form an opening which receives switch
button 31 but retains button 31 within the opening as it slides
back and forth to its extreme positions. Button 31 rests against
the top inside wall of handle 24 and is held in a neutral,
non-operating position by guides 32, 33, 34 of section 20 and
similar guides 35, 36, 37, not shown, of section 21. Switch 25
mounts in position on guides 38, 39 of section 20 and similar
guides 40, 41 (not shown) of section 21. Button 31 is molded with a
hollow cavity which receives a coil spring 42 and a switch button
43 to which spring 42 connects. Switch 25 is a reversible switch
and can be actuated by pushing down on button 31 so that it clears
guides 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. Button 31 can either be pushed
forward corresponding to a spray position or pulled backward to a
refilling position.
Rearwardly of the handle compartment is a terminal 27 suited to
connect to an AC source through recharging unit 28 as shown in FIG.
2. Once all parts have been assembled within handle portion 24 and
screws 22 tightened into right housing section 21, wiring 26 is
allowed to extend from the bottom of housing 12. Handle portion 24
is designed to receive the flanges or guides 130, 131, 132 within
slots 133, 134, 135 of handle 24. A one-quarter turn of handle 24
locks container 11 in place.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a container cup 47 which is received by
guide slot 48 of section 20 and guide slot 49 (not shown) of
section 21. Cup 47 has an open top and is a molded plastic unit
with top flanges 50, 51 which slide fit into guide slots 48, 49.
Flange 51 has a slot 52 molded into flange 51 as more fully
described later in the description. Cup 47 is substantially
circular and is slightly tapered from the top to the bottom so that
it easily enters opening 17 in container 11 and as cap 47 slides
into opening 17 its contacting diameter increases and preferably
provides a tight seal between cup 47 and opening 17. Bottom 53 has
a pair of openings 54, 55 molded therein. Cavity 47a of cup 47 is
of sufficient depth and diameter to adequately house pump assembly
13, batteries 56, and wiring 58.
The description will now shift to a description of pump assembly 13
and how it is mounted within cavity 47a of cup 47. Pump assembly
13, see FIG. 7, is composed of a reversible drive motor 59 which
has motor leads 60, 61 extending from the base 62 of motor 59 and
connected by suitable wiring to the switch and battery. Motor 59
has a drive shaft 63 which extends therefrom and upon which a
washer or spacer 64 is mounted. Motor 59 has a raised boss 65 which
is received by a mating boss 66 molded as an integral member of a
pump base member 67. Pump base member 67 mounts on shaft 63 through
hole 68, see FIG. 2. A driven gear 69 is pressed onto shaft 63.
Base 67 has a stud 70 pressed into a hole 71 in base 67. A second
gear or idler gear 72 is then pressed onto stud 70. Pump housing 75
has a hollowed out cavity 76 which has a pair of grooved slots 77,
78 for aligning a pressure plate 79 of the same configuration which
is placed into cavity 76 and is brought to bear against the tops of
gears 69, 72. Plate 79 is constantly pressed towards gears 69, 72
by coil spring 80. Once housing 75 is in place, screws 81, 82 are
placed through holes 85a, 85b of housing 75 and holes 86a, 86b of
bottom plate 67. Screws 81, 82 are then tightened down in threaded
holes 87, 88, not shown, in drive motor 59. Gears 69, 72 are
relatively small and have relatively few gear teeth, e.g., 9 teeth
per gear. Pressure plate 79 and plate spring 80 complete the small
but highly efficient gear pump assembly.
Pump outlet 89 is molded as an integral part of pump housing 75.
Outlet 89 opens into cavity 76 so that as liquid is pumped through
gears 69, 72, it will be forced out into outlet 89 which passes
through hole 90 in right housing section 21. A second or by-pass
outlet 91 opens into cavity 76 so that should pump 13 not be
primed, pump 13 will prime itself since air will initially be
forced through outlet 91, through flexible tube 91a and back into
the container 11 until pump 13 is fully primed. Then, liquid will
be drawn into cavity 76 by pump 13 through pump inlet 95 and
through tube 96 into outlet 89. Further advantages will be pointed
up later in the description.
In both the preferred and alternate embodiments, the nozzle check
valve operating pressure and the by-pass piping check valve
operating pressure are selected such that until the pump becomes
fully primed insufficient pressure is developed to open the nozzle
valve. However, once primed the nozzle check valve opens and
remains open so long as the pump is energized. However, when the
switch is moved from "on" to "off" and the pump is electrically
disconnected, the nozzle substantially immediately shuts off and
prevents dripping and syphoning effects which have been experienced
with prior art devices and which can be hazardous with
insecticides, and the like.
FIGS. 2-4, 6-9, 10 and 12 illustrate the pump and nozzle
arrangements used in the invention. Two features of the invention
offer special advantages in actual use of the sprayer. One feature
allows the pump to be primed before any spraying commences and the
other feature provides for minimizing leaks and pressure losses in
the nozzle. With respect to priming, when the pump 13 is initially
started air only may be pumped and ball 116 (as seen in FIG. 10 for
the reversible flow embodiment) or ball 144 (as seen in FIG. 12 for
the non-reversible flow embodiment), as the case may be, is in a
closed seated position which prevents the escape of such air
through the nozzle. Just prior to pumping being started, ball 93
(FIG. 6) will be against its seat 94. However, once pump 13 is
operating, the air pressure forces ball 93 off seat 94 and towards
seat 94a which allows the air to escape around ball 93, through
seat 94a , through outlet 91 (FIG. 6) into return tube 91, into
tube 55 (FIGS. 2, 8, 9) and back into container 11. As the pumping
sequence continues, liquid begins to flow which increases the
pressure at the outlet of pump 13. This increasing pressure then
rapidly builds up and causes ball 93 to seat against seat 94a which
prevents further bypassing of air or liquid through tube 91a. As
pressure continues to rise, a sufficient pressure is eventually
developed to cause ball 116 (FIG. 10) or ball 144 (FIG. 12), as the
case may be, to open and spraying to commence. In both embodiments
the valve spring loading, the diameters of the respective balls
116, 144, and the diameters of the passageways of their respective
seats 115, 143 are purposely chosen so that a greater pressure is
required to open the respective nozzle than is required to maintain
it open. Thus, initial priming is achieved before spraying
commences and equally important maximum protection against leaks is
achieved with minimum pressure loss during operation. With these
objectives in mind, those skilled in the art may readily determine
appropriate spring loading, ball diameters and seat passageway
diameters to achieve the operation described. An extremely small
vent hole 97 is located in the top wall of container 11 and allows
air to get back into container 11 for venting purposes.
Once liquid is being forced through pump 13, through outlet 89 and
then into tube 14, the liquid is directed to the area to be sprayed
through flexible tube 14 which can be directed as required. FIGS.
2, 5 and 9 best illustrate wand 15 and nozzle 16. In addition to
being connected to outlet 89, it will be noticed that tube 14
connects at its other end to a rigid tube 100 (see FIG. 5). Rigid
tube 100 passes through handle 15 which is composed of left section
101 and right section 102 which are held together by screws 103,
104. Handle 15 is used when the user needs to spray an area where
the complete unit 10 cannot be used due to limited access, height,
etc. At the other end of rigid tube 100 is an angled portion 105.
Nozzle assembly 16 is secured to this end of tube 100 in a suitable
threaded manner. FIGS. 2 and 10 illustrate the preferred embodiment
of nozzle assembly 16. A collar 106 is slidably received by nozzle
body 107. Collar 106 has a pair of slots 108 which receive flexible
tabs 110 so that tabs 110 ride in slots 108. One side of body 107
is relatively flat so that when collar 106 is slid forward, a
passageway 112 is opened up between body 107 and the internal wall
of collar 106. Body 107 has a central bore 113 extending its entire
length. At a predetermined distance along the length of body 107 is
a hole 114 which extends through the walls of body 107 and opens
bore 113. As liquid passes through passageway 112 and down to hole
114, it is drawn through hole 114 into bore 113 and then back into
tube 14 until container 11 is filled with liquid. Bore 113 is of a
larger diameter at its forward end than at its rearward end 113a,
the two ends being separated by an angled wall 115. Angled wall 115
provides a seating surface for ball 116 so that liquid flow through
bore 113 and 113a can be sealed off by ball 116.
Ball 116 is spring loaded by coil spring 117 which rests against
ball 116. As previously explained, the operating pressure of spring
117 and the diameters of ball 116 and bore 113a are selected with
the priming-spraying sequence in mind. The diameter of the ball 116
and the diameter of the passageway, i.e., bore 113a , which it
closes are chosen such that the pressure to open ball 116 is much
greater than the pressure required to keep it open. In this way,
the pressure losses, once ball 116 has opened, are minimized and in
like fashion the pressure to initially open ball 116 is maximized.
Efficiency is gained in the described nozzle ball check design in
that a larger pressure is required to open ball 116 than that
required to keep it open. This means that ball 116 opens
reluctantly which gives maximum protection against leaks but once
it has opened when pump 13 starts, a fairly small pressure loss is
expended to keep it open.
The forward end of body 106 is externally threaded with threads 118
which allow nozzle body 119 to be screwed thereon by means of
mating internal screw threads 120. Nozzle body 119 also has a
central bore 121 which aligns with bore 113 and further provides
for a liquid path through nozzle assembly 16. The forward end 122
of nozzle body 119 is solid and prevents further forward flow of
liquid. An elongated hole 123 extends through end 122 of body 119
and communicates with bore 121 so that liquid coming through bores
113 and 121 is allowed to exit through hole 123. An angled groove
124 is cut into the forward end portion 122 of nozzle body 119.
A nozzle cap 125 is received by nozzle body 119. External threads
126 of nozzle body 119 and internal threads 127, not shown, of cap
125 mate so that cap 125 can be screwed down onto body 119. As
liquid is forced through bores 113 and 121 and exits hole 123, the
liquid is swirled around and is forced out through groove 124. The
liquid then exits nozzle assembly 16 through opening 128 in cap
125. The distance that cap 125 is screwed down on body 119
determines whether the liquid emerges as a spray or as a stream.
Adjustment of cap 125 adjusts the liquid pattern.
Handle 24 has a recessed area 18 molded therein so that tube 14 can
be wound around handle 24 and stored in recessed area 18. When tube
14 is wound as described, rigid tube 100 is clamped to unit 10 by
means of a suitable clamp 19 so that the unit 10 can be held in one
hand and operated as a fixed positioned spray. Another and more
usual operating position is that where tube 14 is unwound and wand
assembly 15 is held in the operator's one hand while the handle 24
is held in the operator's other hand.
An alternative arrangement of nozzle 16 is that of nozzle assembly
140 (see FIG. 12). This nozzle assembly is designed for spraying
purposes only and does not incorporate the refill feature of nozzle
16. For this application, the two-way control switch 25 can be
replaced by a one-way control switch and a unidirectional motor can
be substituted for motor 59. Nozzle 140 has a collar 141 which
receives rigid tube 100. Collar 141 has a central bore 142 which,
as in nozzle assembly 16, has a tapered portion 143 which seats a
ball 144 to cover bore 142a. Ball 144 is held in place against
tapered portion 143 by a coil spring 145 until pressure is great
enough to compress spring 145 and allow liquid to flow past ball
144. Nozzle body 146 is threadably secured to collar 141. A central
bore 147 aligns with bore 142 of collar 141. The operating pressure
of spring 145 and the diameters of ball 144 and bore 142a are
selected as previously explained such that the pump will be primed
before spraying commences and such that the pressure required to
force ball 144 open is substantially higher than the pressure
required to keep it open. Bore 147 receives spring 145 and retains
the same in place while permitting liquid to flow through bore 147.
Bore 147 terminates at elongated hole 148 as in nozzle 16. Liquid
exits bore 147 through hole 148 and travels over angled groove 149
of body 146. A nozzle cap 150 is threadably adjustably received by
nozzle body 146. Cap 150 has an opening 151 through which the
liquid exits.
In using sprayer 10, container 11 must first be filled with the
desired liquid. Using the preferred embodiment, nozzle 16 is set
for refilling by sliding collar 106 rearwardly on nozzle body 107
and by depressing switch 25 and moving it rearwardly which causes
motor 59 to be reversed and in effect reverses pump 13. This, as
previously described, allows liquid to enter passageway 112 and to
be drawn through nozzle 16 into container 11. Once filled, collar
106 is slid back to its forwardmost position. Unit 10 can now be
used as a sprayer by depressing switch 25 and moving it forward
causing motor 59 to drive pump 13 and draw liquid through pump 13
once it has primed itself. Nozzle cap 125 is adjusted so that the
desired spray pattern is achieved. By releasing switch 25, liquid
flow is stopped instantly without the usual dripping of liquid.
In using the alternative embodiment nozzle 140, sprayer 10 is
filled by removing housing 12 from container 11 and filling the
container 11 manually. Housing 12 can be removed from container 11
by a simple one-quarter turn of housing 12 which frees guides 130,
131, 132 of housing 12 from slots 133, 134, 135 of container 11.
Once container 11 is filled, guides 130, 131, 132 are aligned with
slots 133, 134, 135 and a reverse one-quarter turn is used to lock
the housing 12 in place on container 11. Tapered container cup 47,
as previously described, provides a tight seal between opening 17
and cup 47. Switch 25 is depressed, pushed forward and held in this
position so that pump 13 primes itself and then begins to spray the
liquid. Once switch 25 is released, it returns to its neutral or
off position and spraying ceases instantly without any dripping as
has heretofore been the case.
To generally illustrate the character of one embodiment of the
invention, motor 59 operated with a no load speed of 10,000 r.p.m.
and with a speed at maximum power of 5,000 r.p.m. Check valve balls
93 and 116 were 0.250 inches in diameter and nozzle check valve
springs 117 and 145 had a spring rate of 0.4lb./in. The diameter of
the opening 94 was 0.04 inches and the diameter of the bores 113a
and 142a were 0.200 inches, the pump gears were approximately 0.344
inches in outside diameter and 0.375 inches in length and with nine
teeth each.
* * * * *