U.S. patent number 3,903,702 [Application Number 05/358,310] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-09 for revetment structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Dytap Construction Holdings Ltd.. Invention is credited to Samuel Alan Appleton.
United States Patent |
3,903,702 |
Appleton |
September 9, 1975 |
Revetment structure
Abstract
The invention provides a system of interfitting concrete units
for surfacing revetments or other ground liable to erosion. Each
unit is provided with cavities to retain earth on the finished
surface and has a special outline shape such that opposite
longitudinal sides are reflections of each other. This is claimed
to avoid any tendency for the units to rotate when subjected to
stresses in the finished structure. The units may optionally be
provided with sockets into which dowels may be fitted to further
prevent dislodgement of any one unit.
Inventors: |
Appleton; Samuel Alan (Taunton,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Dytap Construction Holdings
Ltd. (EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10165649 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/358,310 |
Filed: |
May 8, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
May 9, 1972 [GB] |
|
|
21600/72 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/20; 52/608;
D25/115; 404/41 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02B
3/14 (20130101); E01C 9/004 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01C
9/00 (20060101); E02B 3/14 (20060101); E02b
003/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/37,38,35
;404/34,41,39,37,29 ;52/608,609,590 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
465,097 |
|
Aug 1951 |
|
IT |
|
676,764 |
|
Aug 1952 |
|
GB |
|
520,563 |
|
Apr 1940 |
|
GB |
|
456,670 |
|
Apr 1950 |
|
IT |
|
Primary Examiner: Wolfe; Robert L.
Assistant Examiner: Grosz; Alex
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Norris & Bateman
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A revetment or earth facing structure laid directly on the earth
comprising a plurality of interfitting units to form a flexible
mattress and including means defining cavities therethrough which
are filled with said earth to stabilize and retain said revetment
on said earth, said units being similar to one another, said units
interlocking after assembly to substantially minimize rotative
shifting of units adjacent any units subjected to a rotative,
shifting force caused by earth movement, each of said units being
of generally rectangular configuration and being formed by a series
of interconnected ribs which taper towards the upper face of said
unit, said unit having two parallel longitudinal edges and a
central longitudinal axis, each of said edges having a projection
centrally located on one half thereof, a recess, similarly
dimensioned, centrally located on the other half thereof and a
space provided between each projection and recess to form cavities
between said units assembled into a revetment said unit having a
total length of twice its breadth plus a relatively small allowance
for joint thickness, each projection having sides which slope to a
point of the projection farthest from the axis, each recess having
sides which slope to a point of the recess nearest the axis, the
projections and recesses interfitting with recesses and prpjections
respectively of identical units to form said revetment, the
projections and recesses on one said edge being reflections in the
axis of the projections and recesses respectively of the other
edge, the projections and recesses of said each of said units being
provided with sockets receiving linking members for transmitting
forces between adjacent units in a direction perpendicular to the
plane of said revetment, whereby any heaving or shifting in the
earth with resultant movement of units adjacent any one unit will
cause substantially only non-rotative shifting of such one unit
thereby substantially negating breaking up of the interfitting
structure of the identical units forming said revetment.
2. A Revetment Structure according to claim 1 in which the
projections and recesses are `V` shaped.
3. A Revetment Structure according to claim 1 in which the
projections and recesses are `U` shaped.
Description
This invention relates to building materials suitable for the
construction of revetments for the protection of slopes from
erosion and for the formation of hardstandings and other earth
surfacings, e.g. for vehicles.
It has previously been proposed to face ground surfaces with a
matrix of interfitting masonry units provided with cavities which
retain earth to give a natural appearance. Known interfitting units
intended for this purpose have however, not found widespread demand
and this is believed to be due to (a) high cost of manufacture (b)
necessity for the costly process of grouting or otherwise fixing
the blocks together to prevent dislodgement and (c) tendency for
the blocks or joints between the blocks to dislodge or fracture
during assembly or when the finished structure is subjected to
shear forces in and perpendicular to the plane of the
structure.
It is an aim of this invention to provide a novel combination of
features which reduce the severity of the aforementioned problems
and enable stable surfacings to be assembled quickly and
inexpensively.
According to the invention, there is provided a masonry unit whose
edges have laterally projecting and depressed recess portions
arranged to interfit with corresponding portions on identical units
to form an interfitting structure and which are formed with
cavities to retain earth on the finished structure, one
lingitudinal edge of the unit being a reflection of the other
longitudinal edge about a longitudinal axis of the unit.
By providing opposite longitudinal edges as reflections of each
other any tendancy for the block to rotate and become dislodged
when subjected to shear forces is reduced.
The raised and depressed portions are preferably simple `V` or `U`
shapes and are optionally provided with sockets adapted to receive
linking members for transmitting forces between the units in a
direction perpendicular to the plane of the finished structure
thereby reducing the possibility of dislodgement. The Linking
members may take the form of short dowels each tapered from a
central position towards its ends and they fit into correspondingly
tapered sockets in the masonry units.
A preferred construction is a concrete moulding formed by
interconnected ribs defining cavities between them. By providing
the ribs with a taper towards the upper or front faces of the units
the area of concrete exposed on the finished surface after the
cavities have been filled with earth is minimized. The tapered
shape of the ribs also facilitates striking the units out of their
moulds during manufacture.
Each longitudinal edge has a laterally projecting portion centrally
located on one half thereof and a laterally recessed portion
centrally located on the other half. This particular outline shape,
the exact nature of which will become more apparent from the
following description has been found to be particularly
satisfactory with regard to forming a stable and flexible
"mattress" on the ground surface.
By constructing the unit so that the shorter sides are
approximately equal in length (after allowing for a joint
thickness) to the said sections it is possible to assemble a
revetment having some of the blocks at right angles to the others.
This can be an advantage when finishing the edges of the
revetment.
In order that the units may engage in a proper manner all the
raised and depressed portions are of a similar shape which can
advantageously be a shallow `V` or `U`. If a `V` shape is used it
preferably defines an angle within the range of about 140.degree.
to 90.degree. for maximum strength combined with effectiveness in
the transmission of shear forces.
The invention will now be particularly described by way of example
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of an exemplary embodiment
of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a view from underneath of the embodiment shown in FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is an elevation of the far end of the embodiment as shown in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 and 5 are plan views of alternative embodiments; and
FIG. 6 shows an assembly of blocks all constructed in accordance
with the invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 there is shown a generally
rectangular precast concrete unit whose top face 1 is defined by a
latticework of interconnected slightly tapered ribs which serve to
retain soil on the finished revetment. The exact formation of the
ribs is not a critical feature and possible alternative designs are
shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
Cavities 2 are provided between the ribs with further spaces 3 on
the longer edges and corners of the unit. These spaces 2 and 3 all
extend through the entire thickness of the unit.
Lateral projections 4 and depressions 5, all have a similar `V`
shape are spaced around the unit as shown and it is notable that
the basic outline is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis X -- X
(see FIG. 2). In particular the longitudinal edges of the unit are
reflections one of the other about the X -- X axis. This symmetry
enables identical units to be assembled in staggered relationship
and also reduces tendency for the unit to turn when subjected to
stresses in the finished structure.
Each of the two longer sides can be divided into two sections of
length 1/2 plus a joint thickness j between the two sections as
shown on FIG. 2 and this dimension (1/2) is equal to the length of
each of the shorter sides. The advantage of this will be apparent
from FIG. 6 which shows how one of the units can be fitted at right
angles to the others. It should be noted that FIG. 6 is intended
only to show the laying pattern of the blocks and does not show the
internal cavities.
It is not essential for the spaces or cavities between the ribs to
penetrate completely through the units and in one possible
construction the spaces extend only through one quarter of the
thickness of the unit.
As will be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, each laterally projecting and
laterally recessed portion 4 and 5 is provided with a socket in the
form of a small tapered hole. To give improved stability in the
finished structure small dowels (not shown) of nylon or other
similar synthetic material are inserted into these sockets during
assembly. The dowels are tapered to co-act with the taper of the
sockets and may be constructed so as to separate each block
slightly from the next to give added flexibility.
* * * * *