U.S. patent number 3,902,621 [Application Number 05/494,554] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-02 for tamperproof closure with grippable handle.
Invention is credited to Walter E. Hidding.
United States Patent |
3,902,621 |
Hidding |
September 2, 1975 |
Tamperproof closure with grippable handle
Abstract
A tamperproof cap structure, including a cap, a locking ring and
a handle are provided for use with a bottle or similar container
having one or more teeth fashioned adjacent a reduced bottleneck.
The cap structure locking ring is provided with one or more pawls
positioned to mate with the container neck teeth to prevent the cap
from being unscrewed from the container. Frangible connectors which
rigidly connect the locking ring and cap can be broken if
sufficient unscrewing torque is applied to the cap; and the broken
connectors and dropped ring provide visual evidence that tampering
has at least been attempted. The ring is also provided with a
handle which can be grasped to rip the ring away from the cap.
Permanent distortion of handle S-members and breakage of the
frangible handle web provide another indication of attempted
tampering.
Inventors: |
Hidding; Walter E. (Barrington
Hills, IL) |
Family
ID: |
23964949 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/494,554 |
Filed: |
August 5, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/252; 206/807;
215/254; 215/216; 215/365 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
41/0414 (20130101); B65D 41/3409 (20130101); B65D
2401/25 (20200501); Y10S 206/807 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
41/34 (20060101); B65D 41/04 (20060101); B65D
041/34 (); B65D 041/38 () |
Field of
Search: |
;206/807
;215/7,9,216,252,254 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dixson, Jr.; William T.
Assistant Examiner: Bernstein; Bruce H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Olson, Trexler, Wolters, Bushnell
& Fosse, Ltd.
Claims
The invention is claimed as follows:
1. A tamperproof cap for use with a container having a threaded
neck portion and at least one external tooth, said cap comprising:
an internally threaded cap body; an interrupted tamperproof ring
having a plurality of circumferentially spaced, radially inwardly
extending, triangularly shaped pawls for locking engagement with
said container tooth in a first direction of rotation; breakable
connector means coupling said ring to said cap body, said connector
means being joined to said pawls for holding one of said pawls in
engagement with said container tooth, the interrupted ring
terminating in two spaced apart ends; and a handle attached to the
ring adjacent the interrupted ring ends, the handle including a
deformable, reversely bent S-member attached to each ring end,
mounted radially outwardly of the ring, and terminating in a free
end, a pull tab member extending between the S-member free ends,
and a frangible web member extending between at least one S-member
and the pull tab, whereby the frangible member is permanently and
visibly broken and at least one S-member is permanently and visibly
deformed when the pull-tab is pulled with more than a minimum
force.
2. A tamperproof cap according to claim 1 wherein said S-members
are torsionally and tensionally stronger than the frangible
members, thereby encouraging breakage of the frangible members and
deformation of the S-members when the pull tab is pulled with more
than a minimal force.
3. A tamperproof cap according to claim 1 wherein said S-members
are torsionally and tensionally stronger than any of said connector
means thereby encouraging breakage of the connector means when
continued pulling effort is applied to the handle in excess of a
minimal force.
4. A tamperproof cap according to claim 1 wherein said frangible
web member extends between and is connected to both S-members and
said pull tab.
5. A tamperproof cap according to claim 1 wherein said frangible
member is formed to provide directions for use to a handle
puller.
6. A tamperproof cap according to claim 1 wherein said S-members
are each attached to a respective ring end, lie adjacent said ring,
and extend away from the opposite ring end and opposite S-member to
compactly configure the handle.
7. A tamperproof cap according to claim 1 wherein said handle
member lies in a plane adjacent a bottom surface of said ring, and
wherein said connector means lie in a plane adjacent the top of
said ring.
8. A tamperproof cap according to claim 7 wherein said cap body is
provided with an unknurled annular base, and wherein said connector
means extend between said base and said pawls.
9. A tamperproof cap according to claim 1 including frangible means
interconnecting one bend of said S-member and said ring, said
frangible member operating to encourage said S-member to lie in a
plane substantially coplanar with the bottom of said ring and being
breakable when said pull-tab is pulled with more than said minimum
force.
10. A tamperproof cap for use with a container having a threaded
neck portion, a radially extended collar portion below the neck
portion, the collar radial extension being interrupted by at least
one recess, and at least one external container tooth located in a
predetermined position on said container, said cap comprising: an
internally threaded cap body; an interrupted tamperproof ring
having a radially inwardly extending, triangularly shaped pawl for
locking engagement with said container tooth in a first direction
of rotation and riding over said container tooth in a second,
opposite direction of rotation, said pawl being spaced apart from
said ring interruption by a predetermined amount to locate said
ring interruption adjacent said container collar recess, breakable
connector means coupling said ring to said cap body, said connector
means being joined to said pawl for holding said pawl in engagement
with said container tooth whereby to insure breaking of said
connector means and releasing said ring from said cap body upon
rotation of said cap in said first direction, the interrupted ring
terminating in two spaced apart ends, and a deformable, partially
frangible handle attached to the ring radially outwardly of and
adjacent the interrupted ring ends and located adjacent said
container collar recess when said pawl engages said container
tooth.
11. A tamperproof cap according to claim 10 wherein the handle
includes: a deformable, reversely bent S-member attached to each
ring end, mounted radially outwardly of the ring, and terminating
in a free end; a pull tab member extending between the S-member
free ends; and a frangible web member extending between at least
one S-member and the pull tab, whereby the frangible member is
permanently and visibly broken and at least one S-member is
permanently and visibly deformed when the pull-tab is pulled with
more than a minimum force.
12. A tamperproof cap according to claim 11 including frangible
means interconnecting one bend of said S-member and said ring and
lying in a plane substantially coplanar with the bottom of said
ring and said S-member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to bottle closures, and more
particularly concerns tamperproof caps which positively indicate
the results of mishandling or tampering, yet which can be easily
used by even inexperienced personnel.
Container closures previously have been offered which include
screw-on caps and integral cap locking rings designed to prevent
removal of the cap from the container without damage to the ring
and the ring-cap connection. Some of these devices are disclosed in
copending U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 437,778 filed Jan. 30,
1974, and in Crisci et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,540,818. In these
devices, when the cap is unscrewed from the container, the locking
ring is broken away from the cap. A visual indication of at least
attempted tampering or opening is thus provided.
Some container closures of this general type have additionally
included second or alternate means for disconnecting the locking
ring from the cap and the container. One such device is that
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,560,428 to Miller; there, a pull
handle is connected to the locking ring to permit the ring to be
partially or completely ripped away from the cap and container.
It is the general object of the present invention to provide a
novel bottle closure cap and associated locking ring and handle
device at low cost which will positively signal the occurrence of
attempted or actual tampering.
It is another object of the invention to provide a tamperproof cap
structure having a cap locking ring removal handle which can be
easily used, even by persons unfamiliar with such devices. A
related object is to provide a container cap, locking ring and cap
handle structure wherein tampering actions break parts of the
handle, thereby providing positive and relatively dramatic visual
evidence of tampering. Another related object is to provide a
tamperproof cap structure having a cap locking ring removal handle
which folds out to accommodate full insertion of a human finger for
easy, positive, quick handle and locking ring removal.
Another object is to provide a cap structure which can be opened to
provide access to the container contents either by unscrewing a cap
to break away a locking ring or by using a handle to rip the
locking ring away from the cap.
Yet another object is to provide a cap structure of the described
type which is inexpensive and relatively easy to manufacture.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent
upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference
to the drawings. Throughout the description, like reference
numerals refer to like parts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view showing the bottle-type container
and the novel closure cap, locking ring and handle;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view showing the bottle, the cap, the locking
ring and the handle as they appear when aligned with a bottle
collar for removal of the locking ring and handle from the
bottle;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially in the planes of
line 3--3 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary top plan view showing the bottle and cap
structure as they appear when the cap handle is being pulled to
rupture portions of the cap structure in preparation for removal of
the locking ring;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary top plan view similar to FIG. 4 but showing
the cap structure as it appears when rupture of cap parts and
relatively full extension of the cap handle has occurred;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the cap structure and bottle
similar to FIG. 1 but showing the cap structure as it appears after
the handle has been extended and as the cap locking ring is being
removed; and
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view showing details of the
structure by which the cap and cap locking ring are formed and held
together.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
While the invention will be described in connection with a
preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended
to limit the invention to this embodiment. On the contrary, it is
intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents
as may be included within the spirit and scope of the
invention.
Turning more specifically to FIG. 1, a cap structure 10 is shown.
Here, the cap structure 10 can be generally considered to include a
cap portion 11, a locking ring 12, and a handle 13 all secured,
directly or indirectly, to a container 14, which may take the form
of a milk jug or similar object. It is contemplated that the
illustrated cap 11, the locking ring 12 and the handle 13 will be
originally formed as a single piece by injection molding or other
known method from a suitable resinous plastics material such as
polyethylene or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. Knurling or
vertical ribbing 15 is fashioned on the outside sidewall of the cap
11 as an aid in transmitting full turning torque to the cap by a
user. The container bottle 14 may also be formed of suitable
resinous plastics material; and the bottle has a reduced neck
portion 16 which includes an extension 17 having formed thereon an
external or male cap-securing thread 18 for mating with an internal
or female helical screw thread 19 inside the cap. Below the
extension 17, a suitable number of triangular ratchet teeth 20 are
fashioned. While a single ratchet tooth may be employed, the
illustrated preferred embodiment provides a number of such teeth
arranged in several spaced apart ratchet tooth sections, as seen
particularly in FIG. 2. Below these teeth 20, a collar portion 23
extends radially outwardly. In the illustrated embodiment, this
collar is interrupted by two diametrically opposed recesses 25 and
26.
To lock the cap structure 10 on the container 14, a number of
circumferentially spaced, triangularly shaped pawls 30 are provided
on the inside surface of the locking ring 12, and are positioned to
extend radially inwardly so as to engage one or more of the
container ratchet teeth 20. When the cap structure 10 is turned
clockwise, as shown in FIG. 2, to assemble the cap structure on the
container the locking ring pawls 30 ride over the container ratchet
teeth 20. To facilitate this overriding motion, the locking ring 12
includes relatively thin sections 31 disposed between the
relatively thick teeth 30; when overriding motion occurs, these
thin sections 31 flex to permit temporary radially outward
extention of the pawls 30. It is also to be noted that the bottle
male thread 18 and the cap internal female thread 19 are formed
with appropriately oriented mating helices so that clockwise motion
of the cap 10 screws or turns the cap 11 into closed assembly with
the container bottle 14. Thus, initial attachment of the cap end to
the bottle container 11 requires only a simple screw-down motion.
However, counterclockwise, unscrewing retrograde motion of the cap
structure 10 (once it has been assembled upon the bottle) causes
the pawls 30 of the locking ring 12 to engage the bottle teeth 20;
this pawl-tooth engagement prevents more than a minor retrograde
unscrewing motion without causing damage to the cap structure
10.
A connecting device couples the locking ring 12 to the cap 11, and
transmits the cap-retaining action of the locking ring 12 to the
cap 11. Here, this connecting means takes the form of individual,
spaced connectors 33 which individually join the pawls 30 to an
unknurled cap base, as illustrated particularly in FIG. 2. The
connectors 33 are oriented to extend outwardly in extended chordal
relationship to the cap 11 between the cap and the larger-diameter
locking ring 12. So oriented, the connectors 33 provide both
frangible connections between the cap 11 and locking ring 23, and
also define pivot points about which the pawls 30 can rock as they
pass over the ratchet teeth 20 during screw-on assembly of the cap
10 and bottle 14. Conversely, the breakable connectors 33 hold the
respective pawls 30 in engagement with the container teeth 20 when
the cap 11 is turned in an unscrewing or opposite direction, and
prevent the pawls 30 from riding out of engagement with the ratchet
teeth 20 under such conditions.
It is a feature of the invention that these connectors 33 provide
one indication of bottle tampering, as well as acting as cap-ring
force transmitters. When it is desired to gain access to the
contents of the container 14, the cap 11 is grasped and rotated in
a counterclockwise unscrewing direction, as can be envisioned from
FIG. 2. This motion causes the bottle thread 18 and cap thread 19
to cooperate in slightly unseating the cap 11 from the bottle 14.
However, rotation of the cap 11 in this unscrewing counterclockwise
direction brings the pawls 30 into engagement with the bottle teeth
20. Upon application of sufficient unscrewing torque to the cap 11,
at least some of the connectors 33 are broken, and the ring 12 may
partially or completely drop away from the cap 11 to rest around
the bottleneck. These damaged connectors 33 and the dropped
position of the ring 12 provides one indication that the container
has been opened. After opening, the ring 12 may be fully stripped
away from the container and removed, if desired. The cap 11 is, of
course, used as a reclosure device.
In accordance with the invention, the tamperproof cap is provided
with structure which permits the ring 12 to be ripped away from the
cap 11 in a quick and easy manner by even inexperienced users.
Further, the novel cap structure provides a second or alternate
indication of at least attempted container tampering or opening. To
this end, the ring 12 terminates in two spaced apart ends 36 and 37
which are located on the ring circumference with respect to the
pawls 30 so as to be aligned on opposite sides of the container
collar recess 25, as illustrated particularly in FIG. 2. At each
ring end 36 and 37 there is fashioned a deformable, reversely bent
S-member 38 and 39, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment,
each S-member can be considered to originate in a radially
outwardly extended curve 41 or 42, respectively, and to terminate
in a reversely bent inwardly extended folded curve 43 or 44,
respectively. An arcuate pull tab member 45 extends between the
S-members, and here has generally the same dimensional appearance
and cross-sectional shape as the S-members 38 and 39.
It is a feature of the invention that the S-members 38 and 39 and
handle 13 are encouraged to lie in the same plane as a bottom
surface 46 of the ring 12. To this end, a thin, frangible flashing
member 47 can be formed in the plane of the ring bottom surface 46
to interconnect the ring 12 and one curved 43 and 44 of each
S-member 38 and 39, respectively. This frangible flashing is broken
when the handle 13 is pulled as illustrated in FIG. 5.
Extending between the S-members 38 and 39 and the pull tab 45 is a
frangible web member 48. In the illustrated embodiment, this
frangible web member 48 is formed in the shape of letters spelling
out the word "pull," thus providing directions for use of the
device to an inexperienced user. It is within the purview of the
invention that fanciful designs or alternate words could also be
formed within this frangible web member. When the S-members 38 and
39, the pull tab 45, the flashing member 47 and the frangible web
48 are arranged as illustrated, the entire handle 13 is stored in a
compact, neat fashion adjacent the container neck 16.
Sequential reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 will show the method by
which the cap 11 is freed for removal from the container 14. First,
as illustrated in FIG. 4, the pull tab member 45 is grasped, and
then is pulled in a direction generally radially outwardly from the
cap 11. This action breaks any flashing member 47 which may be
present and the frangible member 48, and may permanently deform the
S-members 38 and 39 as shown in FIG. 5. It is a feature of the
invention that the damage to at least the frangible member 48 is
highly visible and the permanent torsional deformation of the
S-members 38 and 39 is also apparent. This visible damage signals
any subsequent observer that attempted or actual container
tampering or opening has occurred.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the S-members
38 and 39 are formed with sufficient cross-sectional area and are
otherwise of sufficient strength to be torsionally and tensionally
stronger than the connectors 33, thereby encouraging breakage of
the connectors 33 and not the S-members or pull tab when continued
pulling effort is applied to the handle 13. Thus, breakage of the
frangible member 48 and any flashing members 47 occurs with some
extension of the pull tab 45, and breakage of the ring connectors
33 occurs as further extensive effort is applied to the handle 13.
After the handle 13 is extended a sufficient distance, as
illustrated in FIG. 6, it can be pulled up and over the cap 11 to
rip away the ring 12 from the cap 11 and the container 14 to
present a neat container appearance. To assist and encourage this,
the container collar recess 25 located adjacent the handle 13
permits the user to slip his finger within the S-members 38 and 39
and the pull tab 45, to more easily pull the lock ring 12 and
handle 13 away from the cap 10 and container 14.
As indicated above, it is another feature of the invention that the
handle 13 lies in a plane substantially coplanar with the bottom
surface 46 of the ring 12, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The connectors
33, however, lie in a plane adjacent the top of the ring 12,
thereby permitting a torsional or camming force to be applied to
the connectors to increase the ease with which they are broken, as
can be envisioned by reference to FIG. 6.
It will be apparent from the foregoing description that there has
been provided a tamperproof closure that is of particular advantage
in both use and manufacture. The drawings and the foregoing
description are therefore not intended to represent the only form
of the invention in regard to the details of its construction and
manner of use. Changes in form and the proportion of parts, as well
as the substitution of equivalents, are contemplated as
circumstances may suggest or render expedient; and although
specific terms have been employed, they are intended in generic and
descriptive senses only and not for the purposes of limitation, the
scope of the invention being delineated by the following
claims.
* * * * *