U.S. patent number 3,902,508 [Application Number 05/420,554] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-02 for hair drying apparatus and method.
Invention is credited to Michael T. Sliman, Sr..
United States Patent |
3,902,508 |
Sliman, Sr. |
September 2, 1975 |
Hair drying apparatus and method
Abstract
Sections of wet hair on the head are rolled within, around or
onto a form or roller which carries an adsorbent element, package
or mass, either in a preheated or cool state. The adsorbent may be
in the form of molecular sieves or may be a desiccant such as
silica gel. In any case, a regenerative adsorbent is employed.
Adsorption of moisture from the hair takes place rapidly through
intimate contact of the hair with the foraminous wall of the
adsorbent container. The hair may be dried in much less time than
is required with conventional methods and damage to the hair due to
blown hot air is avoided. The invention offers a natural and gentle
drying process which is very rapid accompanied by some degree of
hair waving.
Inventors: |
Sliman, Sr.; Michael T.
(Farmington Hills, MI) |
Family
ID: |
23666952 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/420,554 |
Filed: |
November 30, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
132/226; D28/35;
D28/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A45D
2/46 (20130101); A45D 20/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A45D
2/46 (20060101); A45D 2/00 (20060101); A45D
20/00 (20060101); A45D 002/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;132/40,42,33R,37,9,7
;34/95,96 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McNeill; G. E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Weaver; D. Paul
Claims
I claim:
1. Hair drying apparatus comprising a foraminous hair coiling form
having a chamber for a mass of crystalline adsorbent and onto which
a section of wet hair on the head may be coiled in direct contact
with a foraminous portion of the form, said form consisting of a
flexible fabric envelope having plural compartments for said
crystalline adsorbent, and a flexible fabric sleeve element carried
by one end of the envelope adapted to receive a substantially rigid
hair roller element, and a cap formed separately from said form and
adapted to be worn on the head enclosing a plurality of the forms
with sections of wet hair coiled thereon and producing a drying
chamber common to the forms while excluding ambient moisture.
2. Hair drying apparatus comprising a foraminous hair coiling form
having a chamber for a mass of crystalline adsorbent and onto which
a section of wet hair on the head may be coiled in direct contact
with a foraminous portion of the form, said form comprising a
substantially rigid sleeve body having a bore and a foraminous
fabric compartmented envelope mounted on and surrounding said
sleeve body and containing said crystalline adsorbent in the
compartments thereof, and a cap formed separately from said form
and adapted to be worn on the head enclosing a plurality of the
forms with sections of wet hair coiled thereon and producing a
drying chamber common to all of the forms while excluding ambient
moisture from said chamber.
3. Hair drying apparatus according to claim 2, and said fabric
compartmented envelope comprising a sleeve element having plural
separated sleeve-like compartments and being telescoped over said
rigid sleeve body.
4. Hair drying apparatus comprising a foraminous hair coiling form
having a chamber for a mass of crystalline adsorbent and onto which
a section of wet hair on the head may be coiled in direct contact
with a foraminous portion of the form, said form comprising a
substantially annular sleeve-like fabric envelope containing said
mass of crystalline adsorbent, a substantially rigid sleeve-like
roller cage containing the fabric envelope and said adsorbent and
supporting and maintaining the shape of the envelope, said cage
having a bore adapted to receive a heating element, and a cap
formed separately from said form and adapted to be worn on the head
enclosing a plurality of the forms with sections of wet hair coiled
thereon and producing a drying chamber common to all of the forms
while excluding ambient moisture from said chamber.
5. Hair drying apparatus comprising in combination a plurality of
drier units each having a chamber means substantially filled with a
crystalline adsorbent, each drier unit adapted to receive a section
of wet hair on the head in coiled contacting relation with the
unit, each unit possessing a foraminous wall portion between said
chamber and said section of wet hair in contact with the unit, and
a non-porous moisture-impervious cap constructed as a separate
element from the drier units adapted to be worn on the head in
covering relationship to said plurality of units and sections of
wet hair and forming a drying chamber common to all of said units
while excluding ambient moisture from the common drying chamber
during the drying of hair by said units.
6. Hair drying apparatus according to claim 5, and each drier unit
comprising a generally cylindrical element having inner and outer
substantially concentric walls forming therebetween an annular
chamber filled with said crystalline adsorbent, each unit
additionally having imperforate end walls closing the ends of said
annular chamber, and at least the outer cylindrical wall being
perforated over a major part of its area.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many arrangements are described in the prior art pertaining to
drying hair on the head or to drying operations combined with other
hair treatments, such as curling, waving and body building. Some
such procedures involve the preheating of roller forms of various
types either by dry heating means or with steam, followed by
wrapping the hair sections around the preheated roller, clipping
and then waiting for the hair to dry or set. Typically, in a beauty
parlor, after the customer's hair is washed and put up in rollers
on the head, a drying time of as much as an hour is required and
considerable discomfort to the customer is involved due to the
blown hot air. It is also known that repeated hot air drying of
hair can seriously damage it, resulting in split ends, loss of
protein, oil and other vital constituents. Additionally, the
conventional hot air drying of hair at home or in a beauty parlor
substantially immobilizes the subject for a considerable length of
time.
Putting the hair up in preheated or unheated rollers without hot
air drying allows the subject to move about freely but requires an
unduly long time for drying, which is very unsatisfactory. Some
individuals sleep with the hair up in rollers but many find this
intolerably uncomfortable. In the day time, walking around with
one's hair in rollers or curlers is obviously undesirable.
At the present time, no commercially acceptable method or means for
hair drying, other than the above conventional procedures, is
available and there is a great demand and need for an improved,
safe, comfortable and rapid hair drying procedure which could be
employed in the home or commercial establishments. It is the
objective of the invention to fully satisfy this need by providing
an extremely simple and economical apparatus and method for drying
the hair which is easy to employ, rapid in operation in comparison
to known methods, safe and convenient. The essential elements of
the hair drying apparatus are indefinitely reusable following a
simple heat regeneration of the adsorbent element after each use
thereof. Extremely efficient adsorbents are employed for the sake
of minimum hair drying and adsorbent regeneration times at
temperatures which can be easily achieved without elaborate
equipment. For example, the adsorbent employed in the method can be
regenerated in a household oven or even in a popcorn popping
apparatus or with the heat produced by a large incandescent light
bulb within a suitable enclosure.
The invention structure may be provided in several different forms
or embodiments, several of which are compatible with well known
commercial heaters for hair rollers. The drying method in the
invention is somewhat more efficient when the adsorbent structure
is in a preheated state but may be satisfactorily practiced at room
temperature. In no case is excessive or uncomfortable heating far
above body temperature and likely to damage the hair required.
Other features and attributes of the invention will become apparent
during the course of the following description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view showing the head of a user of
the invention and illustrating generally how the apparatus is
employed in the method.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing one structural form of the
invention applied to a section of hair on the head.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the structure in FIG. 2 removed
from the hair and shown in an extended position suitable for
regeneration.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal cross section
through the structure in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partly in section, showing a modified
embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is an end elevational view of the structure in FIG. 5 with a
hair section wound upon it for drying.
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing a second modification of
the invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of the structure in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the same structure with
hair wound thereon for drying.
FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of a further modified form of the
invention.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the same.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings in detail wherein like numerals designate
like parts, the numeral 15 designates an elongated flexible body
portion or package containing an adsorbent and adapted to be
applied to a section of hair 16 in rolled or coiled form as
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The body portion 15 is formed of
foraminous fabric, such as woven fiberglass or other similar
durable heat-resistant material. The fabric employed could be
knitted or could be formed by other conventional non-woven
techniques. The main requirements are that the fabric or material
making up the body portion 15 be capable of holding and confining
the crystalline adsorbent material while being permeable to air and
possessing a relatively high degree of tensile strength and
resistance to heat and abrasion during repeated usages. Woven
fiberglass fabric is thought to be ideally suitable for making the
body portion 15 which is in the nature of a fabric envelope. While
dimensions are not critical, the overall flat length of the body
portion 15 may be approximately 9 to 10 inches and its width
approximately 21/2 inches for convenience of use.
The fabric body portion 15 or envelope is constructed with
stitching or the like to form a plurality of equally-sized
separated generally tubular transverse closed pockets or
compartments 17, each adapted to contain a filling or mass 18 of an
efficient crystalline adsorbent. Ideally, molecular sieves are
employed within the pockets 17 as the adsorbent and these molecular
sieves are crystalline metal aluminosilicates with the
threedimensional interconnecting network structure of silica and
alumina tetrahedra. The molecular sieves employed are manufactured
and sold by Pigments, Additives and Adsorbents Dept./Davison
Chemical Division/W. R. Grace and Co., 101 N. Charles St.,
Baltimore, Maryland 21203. Preferably, the particular molecular
sieves utilized are spheres designated Davison Grade 527 having a
nominal size 20-50 mesh U.S. Standard Sieves. This particular
adsorbent has the ability in the invention to completely dry the
hair in approximately twenty minutes or less. After each hair
drying use, the adsorbent is regenerated while within the fabric
envelope 15 by heat regeneration for approximately 4 hours at a
temperature of approximately 500.degree.F. This regeneration may be
carried out conveniently in a household oven or other convenient
heating device. After regeneration, the molecular sieves are
allowed to cool to a sufficiently low temperature somewhat above
normal body temperature so as to be comfortable to the user during
the next hair drying cycle. If preferred, the adsorbent may be
utilized to dry the hair at normal room temperature, but will be
somewhat more efficient if employed at slightly elevated
temperatures but not above the comfort range such as 120.degree.F.
approximately. The body portion 15 containing the molecular sieves
within the pockets 17 may always be prewarmed by the user before
use.
An alternative adsorbent slightly less desirable than the molecular
sieves may also be employed within the pocketed fabric body portion
15. This alternative adsorbent is silica gel, another regenerative
adsorbent, consisting essentially of amorphous silica. This
material is also available from Davison Chemical Division/W. R.
Grace and Co. as Blue Indicating Gel, Grade 42, Type RD, particle
size 6-16 (Tyler Sieve). Similar material is manufactured and sold
by Mc/B Manufacturing Chemists, 2909 Highland Ave., Norwood, Ohio.
Any good commercial grade of silica gel will satisfy the
requirements of the invention.
While silica gel has a considerably shorter heat regeneration time
than molucular sieves, namely, 30 to 45 minutes at about
300.degree.F., the hair drying time is somewhat greater than with
the molecular sieves, namely, about 30 minutes as compared to 20
minutes or less with molecular sieves.
At one end of the flexible body portion 15, an enlarged open-ended
fabric sleeve 19 is formed, and adapted to receive removably a
rigid tubular form 20, such as a conventional plastic or metal hair
roller. During use of the invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and
2, the form or roller 20 is slipped into the sleeve 19, see FIG. 4,
to provide a basic form for the hair section 16. The flexible body
portion 15 is then rolled or coiled around the cylindrical form
with the hair section 16 simultaneously rolled up therein between
the contacting generally concentric coils or layers of the
structure 15, as shown graphically in FIG. 2. A plurality of the
invention units are shown applied to the head of a user in FIG. 1,
with the individual units anchored temporarily to the head by any
conventional clip 21. When thus applied to the hair sections 16,
the latter are in intimate contact with the surfaces of the coiled
foraminous fabric envelope or body portion 15 containing the
efficient adsorbent 18. When the hair is quite wet immediately
following a shampoo and with the invention applied thereto in the
manner described after proper regeneration of the adsorbent, the
hair will be completely dried and ready for styling within about 20
minutes or less when molecular sieves are used and in a slightly
greater time approximating 30 minutes when commercial silica gel is
used as the adsorbent. The number of the invention units employed
by the user is somewhat optional depending upon the quality and
relative mass of the hair which must be dried, comfort and
convenience requirements and the individual wishes of the user. A
greater number of drying units, properly applied to a greater
number of carefully separated hair sections, will naturally result
in quicker and better drying than a fewer number of drying units
carelessly employed with excessively large sections of hair.
It should be mentioned in connection with the structure 15 that the
ends of the pockets 17 are closed and the entire fabric envelope is
closed so that the crystalline adsorbent will not escape. The
structure is very durable and may be reused for drying the hair
almost indefinitely. The adsorbent should be regenerated after each
usage to remove the adsorbate from the surfaces of the adsorbent
crystals.
Additionally shown in FIG. 1 is a required element of the
invention, namely, a cap 22 of loose-fitting fabric applied over
the head and covering all of the invention units and enclosing them
during the drying cycle. The cap is made of fabric which may
"breathe" by allowing the passage therethrough of some air. The
purpose of the cap is to exclude ambient humidity or moisture
during the hari drying process while confining the warmth within
the chamber formed by the cap and promoting the efficient
adsorption of moisture from the wet hair by the crystalline
adsorbent. Without the use of the cap 22, the drying process would
be much less efficient and seriously interfered with by surrounding
moisture-laden air.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show a modification of the invention wherein a closed
and compartmented flexible fabric body portion 23 in tubular form
is telescopically mounted upon an internal rigid cylindrical form
or roller 24 of metal, plastic, or the like. The element 23 may be
secured frictionally to the form 24 so as to embrace it snugly or
may be secured in any other preferred manner. The body portion 23
has separated pockets 25 similar to the pockets 17 and these are
filled with one of the previously-described crystalline adsorbents
26, as shown in FIG. 5. The cylindrical wall of the internal form
24 may be thick to form a heat sink, if desired, and the form has a
central bore 27 to receive a commercial-type heating element or
spindle. During usage for drying the hair, FIG. 6, the structure
shown in FIG. 5 has the hair section 16 rolled thereon in the
manner illustrated and the device may be clipped to the hair in a
conventional way. The hair section 16 is in direct contact with the
exterior of the adsorbent containing fabric structure 23 and the
adsorbent draws the hair moisture through the fabric and deposits
it onto the surfaces of the crystals to dry the hair in a rapid
manner. Basically, the mode of operation is identical in
both-described forms of the invention. The form shown in FIGS. 5
and 6 is somewhat more conventional in its mode of application to
the hair and perhaps a bit easier to use. The form shown in FIGS. 1
and 2, however, has the advantage of affording a greater contact
surface between the hair section 16 and the coils of flexible body
portion 15. However, both embodiments are highly efficient in
practice for drying the hair. The same requirement for regeneration
of the adsorbent described in detail in the previous embodiment
applies equally to the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6. The
construction of the form 24 with a thick wall to retain heat and
the bore or cavity 27 to slip over a heating element is ideal for
prewarming the unit.
FIGS. 7 to 9 show a third embodiment wherein a plastic or metal
form comprises end caps 28 and a small number of widely spaced
connecting bars 29, such as five or six bars. The form or roller
also embodies an inner sleeve 30 between the end caps 28 and spaced
radially inwardly of the bars 29. An annular prefabricated fabric
envelope or package 31, somewhat similar to the structure 23 but
without the necessity for separated compartments 25, is slipped
into the chamber defined by the bars 29 and sleeve 30, see FIG. 8.
The end caps 28 are removable for this purpose. The fabric envelope
31 affords an annular chamber for the adsorbent 32 between its
inner and outer fabric walls and the entire flexible package of
adsorbent is retained between the spaced bars 29 and interior
sleeve 30 with intervening portions 33 of the adsorbent package
disposed between adjacent pairs of bars 29 for direct contact with
hair 34, FIG. 9, wound about the structure in essentially the same
manner shown in FIG. 6. The same crystalline adsorbents requiring
regeneration described in the prior embodiments are used in the
form shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 with all of the attendant advantages.
The structure in these figures is also adapted to receive through
its central bore 35 a conventional heating element or spindle, such
as one of the popular commercial devices for heating hair
rollers.
FIGS. 10 and 11 show another embodiment of the invention wherein a
cylindrical hair form or roller embodies inner and outer concentric
foraminous sleeves 36 and 37 held in assembled relation by end caps
38 which are removable. The two sleeves may be metal or plastic.
Between them is a single annular chamber 39 adapted to be filled
with one of the described regenerative crystalline adsorbents 40.
This form of the invention eliminates the necessity for the
flexible fabric envelope. The hair 41 is simply wound about the
exterior foraminous sleeve 37 during the use of the device for
drying the hair. For regeneration, the entire assembly can be
placed in a heated chamber or oven.
It should be understood that the foraminous cap 22 shown only in
FIG. 1 must be worn for proper efficiency of drying in all forms of
the invention. It should also be understood that each form of the
invention is utilized on the head in plural units as illustrated in
FIG. 1.
While not illustrated in the drawings, a further structure
embodying the method could consist of a long flexible section of
non-woven soft fibrous material, such as cellulosic material,
capable of being coiled up into a supply roll and cut to length to
produce a strip somewhat similar to the flexible body portion 15.
Such strip material would have embodied within it in dispersed
relationship a multitude of crystals of either silica gel or
molecular sieves so that the strip would have distributed
throughout its mass a substantial amount of crystalline adsorbent.
The cut-off strips would then be coiled with the hair in a manner
similar to the showing in FIG. 2.
Prior to assembling and use, the adsorbent, the fabric body portion
and the rigid forming elements are washed with a glycerin base
wetting agent followed by thorough drying of the components. This
tends to increase the drying efficiency of the apparatus.
It is to be understood that the forms of the invention herewith
shown and described are to be taken as preferred examples of the
same, and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement
of parts may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of
the invention or scope of the subjoined claims.
* * * * *