U.S. patent number 3,902,486 [Application Number 05/392,341] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-02 for portable respiratory apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Felicien Jacquet. Invention is credited to Paul Guichard.
United States Patent |
3,902,486 |
Guichard |
September 2, 1975 |
Portable respiratory apparatus
Abstract
A portable nasal diffuser comprising a respiratory assembly
having a nasal mask to be worn over the nose, or two sleeves to be
inserted into the nostrils of a user, the assembly being provided
with two apertures constituting air inlet and outlet apertures
respectively. First and second respective valves are mounted at the
apertures, and the valves operate alternately during exhalation and
inhalation by the user, such that when one aperture is open the
other is closed. The outlet aperture communicates via the
respective valve with the atmosphere. A reservoir is connected to
the inlet aperture of the respiratory assembly by a flexible
conduit and the reservoir has an air inlet and contains filter
material for treating air admitted into the reservoir. Upon
inhalation, the valve associated with the inlet aperture is opened
and air is admitted to the reservoir and flows through the filter
material to the respiratory assembly and to the user. The filter
material is heated by a suitable energy source or by the body of
the user.
Inventors: |
Guichard; Paul (Nemours,
FR) |
Assignee: |
Jacquet; Felicien (Paris,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
27249942 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/392,341 |
Filed: |
August 28, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Aug 29, 1972 [FR] |
|
|
72.30599 |
Oct 19, 1972 [FR] |
|
|
72.37010 |
Jul 16, 1973 [FR] |
|
|
73.25957 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/203.22;
128/203.26; 128/206.15; 128/204.13; 128/206.11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
15/00 (20130101); A62B 23/06 (20130101); A61M
15/0018 (20140204); A61M 15/0016 (20140204); A61M
16/10 (20130101); A61M 16/0666 (20130101); A61M
16/107 (20140204); A61M 2205/3613 (20130101); A61M
2210/0625 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
16/06 (20060101); A61M 16/10 (20060101); A61M
15/00 (20060101); A62B 23/06 (20060101); A62B
23/00 (20060101); A61m 016/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/14N,142.3,146.3,146.4,146.5,146.6,147,192,198,200,206,207,211,212,145.5
;137/102,512.15,512.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Recla; Henry J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Haseltine, Lake & Waters
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Portable nasal diffuser apparatus comprising a respiratory
assembly including means for communicating with the respiratory
tract of a user and provided with two apertures, first and second
respective valve means at said apertures operating alternately
during exhalation and inhalation by the user such that when one
aperture is open the other is closed, one of said apertures
communicating via the respective valve means with the atmosphere, a
reservoir having an inlet and containing means for treating air
admitted into the reservoir, means connecting the reservoir to the
respiratory assembly at the other of the apertures thereof, such
that upon inhalation said valve means associated with the said
other aperture is opened and air is admitted to the reservoir and
flows through the treating means therein to the respiratory
assembly and to the user, and means for effecting heating of the
air supplied to the reservoir including means for enabling the
reservoir to be positioned proximate the body of the user to
capture heat therefrom, said treating means comprising a filter
substance and a housing containing said filter substance and having
openings for passage of air through said filter substance, said
means for communicating with the respiratory tract of the user
comprising a flexible nasal mask engagable over the nose of the
user, a hollow body of relatively small size coupled to said nasal
mask, said body including a first portion with said one aperture
therein, and a second portion connected to said connecting means,
said first and second valve means being supported in said body,
each said valve means comprising a flat member pivotably connected
in said body adjacent its respective aperture, said flat members
being disposed horizontally, said one aperture being disposed in
said one portion of said body below its respective flat member,
said connecting means extending below the other flat member, and
abutment means extending internally in said body proximate said
apertures to support the respective valve members in a position of
rest such that each valve member is movable in one direction only
to be opened.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for
communicating with the respiratory tract of the user comprises two
flexible tubular elements adapted for insertion into the nostrils
of the user.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said treating means
includes a volatile substance in said reservoir adapted for being
entrained in the air flow.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the flat members of the
valve means are joined together as a single element centrally
anchored in said body with free opposite ends constituting
valves.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means connecting
the reservoir to the respiratory assembly comprise a flexible
conduit.
Description
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to portable respiratory apparatus, and
particularly a nasal diffuser adapted to be worn by a user for the
purification of air for breathing. The apparatus is intended to
provide effective interception of germs, pathogens and noxious
gases to prevent their introduction into the respiratory tract of
the user, and to supply to the user the thus treated air also with
medicaments and/or fragrent substances and with a magnetic
charge.
The apparatus according to the invention comprises a respiratory
assembly including means adaptable to the openings of the
respiratory tract of a user and provided with two apertures, first
and second respective valve means at said apertures operating
alternately during exhalation and inhalation by the user, such that
when one aperture is open the other is closed, one of said
apertures communicating via the respective valve means with the
atmosphere, a reservoir having an air inlet and containing means
for treating air admitted into the reservoir, means connecting the
reservoir to the respiratory assembly at the other of the apertures
thereof, such that upon inhalation said valve means associated with
said other aperture is opened and air is admitted to the reservoir
and flows through the treating means therein to the respiratory
assembly and to the user and means for effecting heating of the air
supplied to the reservoir.
The means for effecting heating of the air can be any suitable
natural or artificial source of energy.
According to one embodiment, the reservoir is either disposed on
the skin or against the clothing of the user, to collect warm,
humid air from the human body at normal body temperature.
At the time of inhalation, the aperture communicating with the
atmosphere is closed by the associated valve means whereas the
other aperture is open to permit supply to the user of treated air
from the reservoir which is heated naturally by the human body. At
the time of exhalation the valve means for the discharge aperture
is opened to allow exhaled air to pass to the atmosphere while the
other valve means is closed to isolate the reservoir from the
respiratory assembly.
Advantageously, the reservoir contains a filter adapted to remove
from the supplied air all pollutant material in the form of solids,
liquids or gases which are suspended in the aspirated air. For
example, the reservoir can contain cartridges of cotton or
preferably activated charcoal. Additionally, the reservoir can
contain volatile aromatic oils or medicaments adapted for
preventative or therapeutic action of afflictions of the
respiratory tract including the throat, nasal passages, and the
chest, such as asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis and the
like.
The inhalation air which is at the temperature of the human body
without recourse to a separate artificial heat source, contains
natural water vapor which assures its indispensible hydration
within the human body. Additionally, thanks to the apparatus
according to the invention, it becomes possible to administer via
the respiratory tract, volatile medicaments for the treatment of
various conditions resulting from overwork, such as nervousness,
insomnia, depression or even psychoneuroses or cardiovascular
ailments.
The apparatus of the invention can be constructed of a lightweight
and economical material which is of minimum encumbrance and allows
it to be carried separately and even permanently without
substantially interfering with the freedom of movement of the user
and with minimum intrusion in appearance.
According to a particular embodiment the means adaptable to the
openings of the respiratory tract of the user comprises two
flexible tubular elements adapted for insertion into the nostrils
of the user, and/or a tubular flexible element insertable into the
mouth of the user. In the case where the flexible elements for the
nostrils and the mouth are used, the apparatus is employed under
conditions where the user must not eat, smoke or speak as for
example in highly polluted environments. In situations where the
pollution is less severe, the apparatus can employ only the
flexible elements for the nostrils, leaving the mouth of the user
free.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the means
adaptable to the openings of the respiratory tract of the user
comprises two flexible tubular elements adapted for insertion into
the nostrils of the user, a flexible nasal mask adapted for
engagement over the nose of the user. The nasal mask is constructed
of a flexible material, such as rubber or plastic, capable of
adapting itself to the shape of the nose or the user and secured in
place by means of suitable attachments, for example, by two elastic
bands passing behind the head and a further elastic band passing on
the front and fixed to the back of the head with the two other
bands. The respiratory assembly with the nasal mask can be fitted
onto the face of the user in sealing relation in order to prevent
direct penetration of ambient polluted air.
Advantageously, the flexible material of the nasal mask as well as
the material of all exposed parts of the assembly is of the same
color as the skin of the user. As a result, the mask and exposed
parts are not greatly intrusive in the appearance of the user. The
material can also be constituted of a transparent plastic.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken away and in
section, of a first embodiment of respiratory apparatus according
to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on line II--II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partly broken away and in section, of
a portion of a second embodiment according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a portion of a third embodiment including
a vertical conduit for conducting air to a nose-piece;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through the apparatus
of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI--VI in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment
wherein the air conduit extends laterally of the nose-piece;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a distributor employed in a
fifth embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken on line IX--IX in FIG. 8;
FIGS. 10 and 11 are sectional views of portions of sixth and
seventh embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken on line XII--XII of FIG. 13
showing a reservoir for the purification and modification of the
aspirated air;
FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken on line XIII--XIII in FIG.
12;
FIG. 14 is a bottom plan view of the reservoir of FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken on line XV--XV in FIG. 12;
and
FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken on line XVI--XVI in FIG. 12.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawing, therein is shown a respiratory
apparatus including a respiratory assembly or distributor
designated by reference numeral 1 and including a tubular member 2
having open ends with control valves 3 and 4 at these ends, which
open and close in alternation as will be explained later. Integral
with tubular member 2 are tubular sleeves or studs 5 and 6 adapted
for insertion into the nostrils of a user, and a tubular element 7
adapted for insertion into the mouth of the user. A flexible
tubular conduit 8 is engaged with the member 2 at the end thereof
with valve 4, and the free end of flexible conduit 8 is closed with
a stopper 9 to form a reservoir 10 at the bottom of the conduit. In
the reservoir 10 there is disposed material 11 for filtering or
purifying the air, such as cotton, which can be saturated with a
volatile substance such as a medicament or fragrent composition.
The wall of the reservoir 10 is provided with an aperture 12
through which air can be aspirated.
The assembly 1 is advantageously constructed of a plastic material,
the conduit 8 of flexible rubber, and the valves 3 and 4 of rubber.
The valves 3 and 4 are fixed at a point along their peripheries to
the tubular member 2 and the valves normally close the respective
ends of the member 2. During inhalation, valve 3 is applied against
the corresponding open end of member 2 to form an air-tight seal
thereat which prevents entry of ambient air therethrough, while
valve 4 is moved from its seat and opened under the flow of air
which has entered through aperture 12 and has been purified and
conditioned by the material 11 in reservoir 10. At the time of
exhalation, the valve 3 is opened to permit the expired air to pass
to the atmosphere, and the valve 4 is closed to isolate the
reservoir from the expired air.
According to a characteristic feature of the invention, the
reservoir 10 is adapted to be carried in the clothing of the user,
the only requirement being that the aperture 12 be positioned to
aspirate the warm, humid air coming from the human body. The
conduit 8 therefore, must be sufficiently flexible and long so as
not to interfere with movements of the user. It is to be understood
that the principle of the invention is applicable to the use of any
suitable portable heating source, battery powered for example, to
reheat the expired air.
Thanks to the small size and weight of the device, and its simple
construction, it can be carried permanently by people suffering
from respiratory ailments and the like. It can also be used by
bicycle riders, motocyclists, skiers and people allergic to cold
air. Its low cost and efficiency makes it suitable for preventitive
use against atmospheric pollution and air-borne communicable
diseases.
In the embodiment of FIG. 3, there is no tubular element for
insertion into the mouth of the user and the two nostril insert
members have been replaced by a nasal mask or nosepiece 13 of
flexible rubber, preferably of the same color as the skin of the
user. The nosepiece 13 is in sealing communication with an orifice
14 in tubular member 2 and the reservoir of the embodiment of FIG.
1 is replaced by a flat container 15, for example of plastic
material, in which are disposed replaceable cartridges filled with
an absorbant or filter material, such as activated charcoal. The
casing of the cartridges is constituted by a perforate material,
such as a metallic grid. The cartridges are secured between two
perforated flanges of which only one is seen at 17, the flanges
being respectively spaced at the top and the bottom of container
15. The flanges are made of a black rubber substance which is
permanently magnetized and is known in the art by the trademark
FERRIFLEX 3. The bottom of the container 15 is provided with at
least one aperture 18 through which air can be aspirated. In
periods of non-use, the aperture 18 is closed with a stopper 19. A
small tubular reservoir 20 containing a medicament or fragrent
substance 21 is fixed on the container 15 and closed by a removable
stopper 22. The reservoir 20 is adjacent conduit 8 and in contact
therewith and two openings 23 respectively formed in reservoir 20
and conduit 8 face one another and provide a sealed passageway for
air from the reservoir 20 to the conduit 8.
At the time of inhalation, air enters aperture 18, traverses the
cartridges 16 where the air is filtered and purified and then the
air passes into conduit 8 where it is supplied with medicament or
fragrent substance from reservoir 20 via holes 23.
The nosepiece can be held in position by means of elastic bands or
the like (not shown) which can engage around the head or be secured
to eyeglasses or secured behind the ears.
The respiratory assembly shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 represent a
modification of that in FIG. 2. The nasal mask 24 in FIGS. 4 and 5
is sealed around an assembly 25 which is made of a rigid plastic
material of relatively small size. The assembly 25 is formed with
two distinct sections by a separation element including a median
partition 26. At the right side of partition 26 in FIG. 5, said
element includes a vertical sleeve 27 which is sealably engaged
with the end of tubular conduit 28 which conducts air vertically.
The left side of partition 26 of the separate element is closed by
a wall with perforations 30 as best seen in FIG. 6.
On the median partition 26 there are pivotably mounted two rubber
valves 31 and 32 controlling the passage of air in the two sections
of the assembly. The separating element is formed with two
abutments 33 and 34 on its inner peripheral wall as shown in FIG.
5, and by reason of the disposition of these abutments, the valve
32 can be lifted from a horizontal position but not lowered
therebelow, whereas inversely, the valve 31 can be lowered from its
horizontal position but not raised. Advantageously, the conduit 28
can be connected by means of a seal 35 to a second conduit 36
connected to a reservoir or container as previously described or to
one to be described later. Due to this connection, the respiratory
assembly can be very easily coupled to or uncoupled from the
purification means.
The operation of this embodiment is clear from the disclosure and
is simple. Upon inhalation, filtered and pure air with addition of
medicaments, fragrent substances or the like travels through
conduit 28 and passes through the raised valve 32. Simultaneously,
valve 31 is applied, by the aspiration of the air, against abutment
33 to form a seal therewith. At the time of exhalation, the valve
32 is lowered thereby to seal off the purification reservoir and
the valve 31 opens to allow the expelled air to pass to the
atmosphere.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the respiratory assembly
is similar to that in FIG. 5, except for the construction wherein
the sleeve 27 extends from the assembly laterally. As a consequence
of this, the conduit 28 is adapted for being horizontally engaged
on the sleeve.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the respiratory assembly
which differs from that of FIG. 5 in that the nasal mask is
replaced by two tubular elements 37, 38, constructed of flexible
rubber for being introduced into the nostrils of the user. The
elements 37 and 38 are sealably engaged in two orifices of a cap
member 39 constructed of flexible rubber and mounted on the
peripheral wall 40 of a distributor member. By reason of the
flexibility of the cap member 39 and of elements 37 and 38, the
latter can be deformed and inclined in order to take the position
and form most suitable for maximum comfort of the user. The inhaled
air travels past the aspiration valve 32 to enter chamber 41 where
it is distibuted to the members 37, 38.
FIG. 10 shows a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 8 in which
the conduit 28 extends laterally from the cap member instead of
therebelow.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, there is shown a
modification residing in the construction wherein the two valves 31
and 32 are replaced by a single plate 42, constructed of rubber and
provided in the central portion with a flange 43 by which the plate
is anchored in a recess of complementary shape provided in the
median partition 44 of the distributor. The plate 42 is normally
horizontal and its free ends situated on opposite sides of flange
43, serve the function of aspiration and expiration valves. The
valves face respective abutments 47 and 48 which limit the movement
of the valves and on the surfaces of the valves opposite the
abutments there are formed ribs adapted to augment the rigidity of
the plate. The respiratory assembly is molded in four parts of
plastic material. To the assembly is sealably connected the end of
conduit 28 and tubular sleeve end 49 integrally formed with the
nasal mask 24. The respiratory assembly finally includes a cover 50
at its upper end which is perforated over its entire surface.
According to a further characteristic feature of the invention, the
reservoir in which the aspirated air is filtered and purified is
constituted by a container of narrow, curved form in a shape
capable of being fixed at the level of the belt of the user. Such a
container is illustrated in FIGS. 12-16. The container has a lower
wall 51 which is perforated over its entire surface as shown in
FIG. 14 and it is connected at its upper end to the conduit 28
which leads to the respiratory assembly. The container is closed on
its front face by means of a detachable cover 52. At the interior
of the container are mounted two cartridges 53, 54, each comprising
a housing 55, of a perforated material, for example, a metal
screen, or a perforated plastic material. The housings are filed
with a filter material 56, for example, activated charcoal
contained in woven cotton, or a cotton template, or a porous
material which is absorbent of benzene. These porous materials,
serving as filters and absorbents, are enclosed in a casing whose
walls are made of Ferriflex 3.
The cartridges are separated by a perforated plate 57 also
constituted of Ferriflex 3. Similarly, above the cartridges is
fixedly mounted another plate 58 of Ferriflex 3. The plates 57 and
58 are secured between slides 59 (FIG. 15) and 60 (FIG. 13) formed
on the container.
Above the cartridges 53 and 54, there is mounted a cartridge 61
adapted to provide a medicament or fragrant substance to the air
being fed to the user. The cartridge 61 is carried in a housing 62
which may be constituted as a metal screen, or a perforated plastic
material filled with woven cotton saturated with a volatile
medicament or fragrant substance. The cartridge 61 is provided with
ferrules 64 at its ends by which the cartridge can be fixed in
slides 65 formed in the container.
In utilization, the container is fixed at the level of the waist of
the user under his clothing, the conduit 28 exiting from under the
collar of his shirt and being adapted for being directly connected
to one of the respiratory assemblies previously described, or
indirectly connected thereto through the intermediary of a
coupling. At the time of inhalation, warm air previously expelled
enters through the perforated surface 51 of the container, passes
the filter cartridges 53 and 54 in which the air is purified and
then the plate 58 of Ferriflex 3 where it is charged magnetically
and finally the cartridge 61.
It goes without saying that numerous modifications and variations
of the embodiments disclosed hereinabove can be undertaken by those
skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of
the invention as defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *