U.S. patent number 3,902,045 [Application Number 05/334,446] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-26 for electric convection heater having a friction-type blower.
Invention is credited to Ingeborg Laing.
United States Patent |
3,902,045 |
Laing |
August 26, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Electric convection heater having a friction-type blower
Abstract
An electrical resistance convection heater has a friction-type
blower rotor comprising a plurality of spaced annular fins in the
form of a helix of substantially flat laminar material. The pitch
of the helix is so small that each turn of the helix approaches a
laminar annulus. The interior of the rotor forms an axial interior
air inlet whereby when the rotor is rotated by an electric motor,
air enters the interior of the rotor in an axial direction and
flows through the exterior of the rotor in a radial direction
through the spaces between the axially spaced rotor fins. A
stationary annular electric heating element is mounted coaxially
with respect to the rotor and located upstream thereof in the
direction of air flow through the rotor for heating the air flow.
The heating element may comprise a laminar metal strip in helix
form, the turns of which constitute a plurality of axially spaced
annular fins. In one embodiment such a heating element is arranged
so that the fins of the heating element are substantially coplanar
with respect to the rotor fins. Alternatively, the heating element
may be a strip corrigated in zig-zig fashion.
Inventors: |
Laing; Ingeborg (7141 Aldingen
near Stuttgart, DT) |
Family
ID: |
3519634 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/334,446 |
Filed: |
February 21, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
392/367; 338/58;
338/278; 338/280; 392/369; 415/90; 415/182.1; 416/4; 416/176 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24H
3/0417 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24H
3/04 (20060101); H05b 001/00 (); F24h 003/04 ();
F01d 001/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/366-371,374-376
;165/122,124,125 ;415/90 ;416/4,177,178,176 ;338/58,278 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bartis; A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pennie & Edmonds
Claims
I claim:
1. An electrical resistance convection heater having a
friction-type blower rotor comprising a plurality of axially spaced
annular fins in the form of a helix of substantially flat laminar
material where the pitch of the helix is so small that each turn of
the helix approaches a laminar annulus and where the annular
interior forms an axial interior air inlet whereby when said rotor
is rotated air enters the interior of the rotor in an axial
direction and flows to the exterior of the rotor in a radial
direction through the spaces between the axially spaced fins, a
motor for rotating the rotor, and a stationary annular heating
element mounted coaxially with respect to the rotor and located
upstream of the rotor with respect to the direction of air flow
through the rotor.
2. Heating appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that
the rotor fins are virtually frustoconical surfaces nested
concentrically with the rotor axis.
3. A heater according to claim 1 in which the heating element is
constituted by laminar strip metal formed sinuously in zigzag
manner and so as to have a generally hollow cylindrical shape
coaxial with the axis of the rotor, the surfaces of major area of
the strip lying substantially radially to the axis.
4. A heater according to claim 1 in which the motor is surrounded
by a wall which is itself surrounded by the heating element.
5. A heater according to claim 1 in which the motor is exposed to a
flow of cooling air for which passages are provided separately from
the flow of air heated by the appliance.
6. A heater according to claim 5 in which blower means are provided
for the flow of cooling air which flow of cooling air is
independent from the flow of air caused by the said rotor.
7. An electrical resistance convention heater according to claim 1
wherein said heating element comprises a laminar metal strip in
helix form with axially spaced turns wherein substantially plane
surfaces of the strip extend radially of the axis of the rotor.
8. An electrical resistance convection heater according to claim 7
having an axially extending insulative post supporting the metal
strip.
9. An electrical resistance convection heater according to claim 1
wherein the heating element is surrounded by the rotor.
10. An electrical resistance convection heater according to claim 1
having a spoke-like structure mounting said motor on one side
thereof and legs on the other side of said spoke-like structure
opposite said motor whereby air flowing into said rotor passes
around said legs and through the spoke-like structure.
11. An electrical resistance convection heater according to claim 1
having in addition a casing structure comprising disc-like parts
located axially exterior of said rotor and heating element with
said disc-like parts interconnected coaxially in parallel planes
and having axially extending bolts connecting said disc-like parts
near their outer peripheries to form a cage protecting said rotor
and said heating element and where one said disc-like part has an
opening therein through which air may enter the interior of said
rotor in an axial direction.
12. An electrical resistance convection heater according to claim
11 wherein one of said supports said disc-like parts motor.
13. An electrical resistance convection heater having a
friction-type blower rotor comprising a plurality of axially spaced
annular fins the annular interior of which forms an axial interior
air inlet whereby when said rotor is rotated air enters the
interior of the rotor in an axial direction and flows to the
exterior of the rotor in a radial direction through the spaces
between the axially spaced fins, a motor for rotating the rotor,
and a stationary annular heating element mounted concentrically and
substantially coextensively with respect to the rotor and located
upstream of the rotor with respect to the direction of air flow
through the rotor, said annular heating element constituting a
plurality of axially spaced annular metallic fins, said heating
element fins being substantially coplanar with respect to said
rotor fins.
14. A heater according to claim 13 in which a volute casing
surrounds at least the rotor so as to deliver the heated air
therefrom in a directed stream subtending substantially less then
360.degree. referred to the axis.
Description
THE PRIOR ART
Portable fan heaters have found a wide application in the
household, particularly for transition heating. A drawback of known
appliances is that they generate an objectionable air noise. The
fan system may be a noise source, and also so may the heating
element.
THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
An aim of the invention is a low-noise fan heater which is
effective and efficient. Further the rotary parts are such that the
requirement of physical protection is reduced.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In an air-heating appliance with a blower driven by an electric
motor, the invention resides in that the rotor is a friction blower
rotor, with annular axially-spaced fins constituting a cylindrical
figure of revolution and that a resistance heating element is
arranged coaxial with and upstream of the rotor so that the air
traverses this heating element before it is engaged by the annular
discs. It has already been proposed to arrange the heating elements
on the upstream side of a bladed centrifugal blower. This
arrangement has the disadvantage that the blower must pass a
greater volume and this results in lower pressure and delivery
coefficients as well as lower efficiencies. This latter
disadvantage is due to the fact that the Reynolds's number drops
with rising temperature and thereby the larger viscosity forces
lead to a worsening of the acceleration by the fan blades. For a
given rate of delivery, the blower has to be larger than if it were
to receive cold air, and of course it may have to be made of
materials of high hot strength.
Thus, in an appliance according to the invention, the acceleration
of the air is accomplished by virtually flat elements of continuous
profile which frictionally, use the viscosity of the air to
accelerate it tangentially. The friction between the elements and
the air in the boundary layers is the operative energy-conversion
force. This friction is a function of the air viscosity. The air
viscosity increases substantially with the increase of temperature.
Providing the fan downstream of the heating element uses the
increased viscosity of and raised temperature of the air to
advantage by providing an effective low-noise heating appliance.
This is in contrast to known appliances in which the temperature
effects lead to disadvantages.
The invention is described by way of example, with the help of
Figures.
FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically, in cross-section along the axis, a
heating appliance according to the invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B show, in two cross-sections at right angles to each
other, another embodiment of a heating appliance according to the
invention.
FIG. 3 shows, in a cross-section similar to that of FIG. 1, a third
embodiment of the heating appliance according to the invention.
FIG. 4 shows, in a diagrammatic cross-section, the possible
correlation of a blower according to the invention with the blower
casing parts which guide the air stream.
In FIG. 1, the motor 1 drives the hollow cylindrical rotor 3 via
the wheel disc 2. The rotor 3 consists of a large number of
virtually flat annular fins 4 which are preferably manufactured by
helically coiling an aluminium strip. Although speaking exactly,
there is only one fin comprised by a continuous helix of strip
metal, for practical purposes it can be considered as a plurality
of annuli and is described as such; indeed it may be desirable in
some cases to manufacture the rotor by assembling a plurality of
individual laminar annuli. The fins 4 are held axially spaced by
bolts 5 which are placed as nearly as possible at minimum radius of
the fin assembly, spaced by distance pieces (not shown). The
distance can be ensured, for example, by washers or flanges around
the bolt-holes in the fins 4. Room air is sucked in from below
along the arrow 7, all around the appliance. The casing consists of
the discs 11, 18 and 19 held assembled by bolts 24.
The resistance heating element 8 is also formed as a helical strip
of suitable metal having a large ratio of width to thickness. The
distance spacing of the helical turns is here maintained by
insulating posts 9. The heated air proceeds as indicated by the
arrow 10 into the inside of the rotor 3, and is thus engaged by the
fins 4 by way of friction forces in a manner already described. The
heated air is discharged with a radial velocity component indicated
by the arrow 22. Slots 12 are provided to give access for cooling
air for the motor 1. Furthermore, a cylindrical separating wall 13
is provided in the casing 19 protectively surrounding the motor 1.
Air is sucked through the apertures 12 as indicated by the arrow
14. It then cools the motor 1 and emerges through a frustoconical
slot 15 to be entrained and accelerated outwards as indicated by
arrow 17.
FIG. 2A shows another embodiment of the fan heater according to
FIG. 1 in which the heating element 20 is formed of strip
corrugated in zigzag formation. The major area of the heat
dissipating regions lies radially. In the rotor 3', shown in FIG.
2A, the fins 4' are so formed that their surfaces lie on
frustoconical nested surfaces concentric with the rotor axis. By
this means, the air flow which enters into the fan heater and
heated by the heating element during movement along radial paths
indicated by the arrows 28 is delivered from the rotor in flow
paths with an axial velocity component indicated by arrow 28".
Within the fan heater the heated air flows generally axially as
indicated by the arrow 28'. The cooling of the motor is
accomplished by means of an auxiliary blower carrying radial blades
16 by which air is conveyed through the aperture 12' as indicated
by the arrow 14' over the motor.
FIG. 2B shows a cross-section along the section line IIb-IIb of
FIG. 2A from which the radial arrangement of the resistance heater
20 can be seen. The air is sucked in radially from the outside as
indicated by the arrows 28. In FIG. 2A the motor 21 is attached to
the coverplate 23 which is mounted on the baseplate 25, as in FIG.
1, by bolts or studs 24 which may be so numerous as virtually to
form a protective cage.
FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically an embodiment according to FIG. 1 in
which, however, the heating element 8' comprising a helical strip,
on its posts 9' is located inside the rotor 3' and is substantially
coplanar with the rotor which comprises a helical strip 4. By this
modification the cylindrical wall 13 ceases to be necessary. The
motor 1' is attached to the annular floor portion 31 by spoke-like
arms 30. By provision of feet 32 extending downward from the
portion 31, the annular portion affords passage for the entry of
air to the inside space 33. Air flows axially into the rotor along
the path indicated by arrow 34, through inlet openings between the
arms 30 and then radially out of the rotor between the axially
spaced fins 4 along the path indicated by arrow 35.
FIG. 4 shows diagrammatically in cross-section an appliance
according to the invention in which the rotor 40 is arranged in a
volute casing so that the emerging air stream is directed as
indicated by the arrows 42 and 46. This formation may be applied
with simple design modification, to the earlier described
embodiments.
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