U.S. patent number 3,902,040 [Application Number 05/437,979] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-26 for temperature compensating vehicle window heating system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Central Glass Co., Ltd., Niles Parts Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Tsutomu Ikeda, Masamitsu Nakano, Kazuyoshi Tokuda.
United States Patent |
3,902,040 |
Ikeda , et al. |
August 26, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Temperature compensating vehicle window heating system
Abstract
A vehicle window heating system for eliminating moisture
deposited on the surface of a vehicle window is provided with a
moisture detecting circuit having a temperature sensitive element
adapted to compensate for temperature-dependent variation in
impedance between a pair of dew-drop detecting electrodes. The
deposit of dew drops between the aforesaid electrodes lowers
impedance therebetween, whereupon moisture eliminating heating
means operates due to such lowered impedance. A decrease in ambient
temperature increases impedance, and the aforesaid moisture
eliminating heating means will not operate unless a more pronounced
dew depositing condition results. This device, however, compensates
for such a temperature-dependent variation in impedance and thus
may operate substantially in a temperature independent
dew-depositing condition.
Inventors: |
Ikeda; Tsutomu (Tokyo,
JA), Nakano; Masamitsu (Yokohama, JA),
Tokuda; Kazuyoshi (Tokyo, JA) |
Assignee: |
Central Glass Co., Ltd.
(Yamaguchi, JA)
Niles Parts Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
11871085 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/437,979 |
Filed: |
January 30, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Feb 7, 1973 [JA] |
|
|
48-14799 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/203;
73/335.05; 219/501; 219/522; 219/547; 340/501; 340/602; 52/171.2;
200/61.05 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N
27/048 (20130101); H05B 3/84 (20130101); G05D
22/02 (20130101); H05B 1/0236 (20130101); H05B
2203/035 (20130101); Y02B 30/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01N
27/04 (20060101); G05D 22/00 (20060101); H05B
3/84 (20060101); G05D 22/02 (20060101); H05B
001/02 (); E06B 007/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/202,203,219,522,547,509,501 ;52/171 ;340/234,235 ;73/336.5
;338/35 ;200/61.05 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bartis; A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lane, Aitken, Dunner &
Fiems
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A moisture preventive device for a window glass of an
automobile, which device has a pair of dew drop detecting
electrodes mounted on the surface of glass, a circuit for detecting
the variation in impedance between said electrodes and a moisture
preventive means operating by means of the output from said
detecting circuit, wherein the improvement comprises:
said dew drop detecting electrodes including a pair of electrodes
extending in parallel with each other and mounted in a position on
the window glass of an automobile which will not hinder the field
of view of a driver;
said detecting circuit being provided with a resistor bridge
circuit which incorporates said detecting electrodes therein, and a
differential amplifying circuit, one of whose input terminals is
directly connected to one of the detecting terminals of said bridge
circuit and the other of which input terminals is connected to the
other of said detecting terminals by way of a temperature sensitive
semiconductor diode exposed to the same ambient temperature as are
the detecting electrodes such that the variation in resistance of
said diode cancels out the variation in resistance between the
detecting electrodes caused by ambient temperature variation;
means for impressing A.C. voltage on said bridge circuit; and
said moisture preventive means being provided with heating means
for heating said window glass, switch means for connecting an
electric power source or said heating means and operating circuit
means for closing or opening said switch means by the output from a
differential amplifier.
2. A moisture preventive device for glass, as set forth in claim 1,
wherein said voltage impressing means is an oscillator and said
detecting circuit is connected to said oscillator by way of a
capacitor.
3. A moisture preventive device for glass, as set forth in claim 2,
wherein said oscillator oscillates A.C. voltage of a frequency of
100 to 1,000 Hertz.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a moisture preventive device for glass
which device automatically eliminates the moisture deposited on the
surface of glass such as windows of an automobile.
It is of supreme importance to insure good visibility for a driver
for the sake of safe driving of a vehicle, particularly of an
automobile. Accordingly, moisture prevention on a front windshield
as well as a back window is important, when backing an automobile
or for watching a following vehicle. The term "moisture preventive"
as used herein signifies the prevention of dimness or fogging of
glass caused by moisture or dew deposited thereon, as well.
Furthermore, the back window glass of an automobile is rarely
designed to extend in a vertical direction, and is in most cases
inclined, and accordingly particular consideration should be paid
to insure good visibility for a driver. Hitherto, an automatic
moisture preventive device is known, in which dew-drop detecting
electrodes are attached on the surface of glass for detecting a dew
depositing condition by using variation in impedance between a pair
of detecting electrodes and a heating device or warm air blowing
device mounted on a glass surface may be operated according to the
results of detection. However, such a moisture preventive device
suffers from disadvantages in that, if it is preset so as to
operate in a given dew depositing condition which is suited for a
warm environment, then it will not operate in a cold environment,
even if a considerable degree of moisture or dew is deposited on
the surface of glass. Conversely, if it is preset so as to operate
in a given dew depositing condition which is suited for a cold
environment, it is apt to operate in such a faint dew depositing
condition which would not hinder the safe in driving a warm
environment. This results in useless consumption of energy in
batteries.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a moisture
preventive device for glass which device may operate substantially
in the same dew depositing condition either in a cold environment
or in a warm environment.
It is another object of the invention to provide a moisture
preventive device for glass which device is simple in
construction.
The results of experiments made by the inventors reveal that the
temperature-dependent variation in impedance between dew drop
detecting electrodes is responsible for the variation in an
operating point of a moisture preventive device, the aforesaid
impedance being representative of a dew depositing condition.
According to the present invention, there is provided a moisture
preventive device for glass, in which there is used a temperature
sensitive element which is adapted to vary impedance depending on
varying temperature or vary its induced voltage, whereby the
aforesaid temperature sensitive element may compensate for
temperature-dependent variation in impedance to insure consistent
operation of a moisture preventive device substantially in a
constant dew depositing condition throughout cold and hot
environments.
The degree, to which the aforesaid compensation is accomplished may
be complete, or excessive. For example, when a car is started in
the winter or in a cold area, dew is apt to be deposited on the
window glass because of insufficient heating in the car and because
of the reduced environmental temperature in the car. Therefore, it
is advisable in heating the window glass prior to the deposit of
dew, for the temperature sensitive element to make an excessive
temperature compensation to prevent the deposit of moisture.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the following description regarding the specific embodiments
of the invention, when read in connection with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plot showing a resistance-versus-temperature
characteristic;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the construction of a
moisture preventive device for glass, which device embodies the
present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram representing one example of temperature
compensating means according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot showing a voltage-versus-current characteristics
of diodes at different temperatures; and
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing one example of a detecting
circuit and an operating circuit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown variation in resistance R
(M.OMEGA.) between a pair of detecting electrodes versus ambient
temperature T. As can be seen from this plot, the resistance
decreases with the decrease in temperature. In FIG. 1, logarithmic
scale is presented as an ordinate and an equally spaced scale is
indicated as an abscissa. If dew is deposited on the surface of
glass having a pair of detecting electrodes, a lowered resistance R
will result. On the other hand, if the falling of the resistance
below a preset value is employed to activate a moisture preventive
device, in the case of increased resistance due to the low
environmental temperature, the moisture preventive device will not
be operated, unless a marked dew deposition condition takes place,
where a constant preset value is used. To this end, according to
the present invention, there is provided a temperature sensitive
element which is adapted to vary the resistance or induced voltage
depending on varying temperatures, whereby the
temperature-dependent variation in resistance R may be compensated
for by means of this temperature sensitive element.
FIG. 2 shows the construction of an automatic moisture preventive
device for use with a window glass of an automobile. Shown at 10 is
a window glass and generally at 1 is a heating device which
consists of electrodes 1a and 1b which are bonded in the form of a
band to the window glass 10 along its opposite edges, and a
transparent, electrically conductive film 1c which covers the area
between the electrodes 1a and 1b. The electrically conductive film
1c is normally positioned in contact relation to the inner surface
of the window glass 10 thereon, but may be interposed between two
laminated glasses, acting as a heating means. Alternatively, a
plurality of lines or tapes, which are electrically conductive, may
be used in place of the aforesaid electrically conductive film
1c.
Attached to the lower edge of a window glass 10 but in a position
which will not hinder the field of view of the driver are a pair of
dew drop detecting electrodes 2 and 3. The dew drop detecting
electrodes 2 and 3 consist of a pair of electrodes which extend in
parallel and are spaced a small distance from each other.
Between the two electrodes 2 and 3, there exist electric resistance
and electrostatic capacity. Particularly, the electric resistance
varies depending on a dew depositing condition present in the
detecting electrode portion on a window glass, whereby an
electrical signal representing a dew depositing condition may be
issued. The element designated 4 is a detecting circuit adapted to
detect variation in impedance between the detecting electrodes 2
and 3, and shown at 5 is an operating circuit, at 6 a switch which
is adapted to pass or interrupt the flow of an electric current to
be supplied to the heating device 1 provided on the window glass,
from an electric power source 7.
With the aforesaid arrangement, if dew is deposited on the surface
of the window glass 10 and hence the glass becomes dim with dew,
then there will result a lowered impedance, particularly resistance
R between the detecting electrodes 2 and 3, whereupon the detecting
circuit 4 issues an output of a level commensurate with variation
in resistance R. If the level of the variation in resistance R
exceeds a predetermined value, the operating circuit 5 issues an
output to close the switch 6, whereby an electric current is
supplied to the heating device on the surface of the window glass
from the electric power source, such as a battery, to heat the
window glass, thereby eliminating dimness or moisture therefrom.
When the dimness or moisture is removed, the impedance between the
detecting electrodes 2 and 3 will be increased, whereby the
detecting circuit 4 as well as operating circuit cease issuing
outputs to thereby open the switch 6. By repeating this, the window
glass may be maintained free from moistened or dim condition.
The circuitry may be designed so that the detecting circuit 4
issues an on-output, when the resistance R between detecting
electrodes goes below a predetermined value, and that the operating
circuit 5 simply amplifies the aforesaid output to close the switch
6. Thus, the circuits 4, 5 and 6 may be modified to a desired mode,
as required.
As has been described, with such an arrangement, the resistance R
between the detecting electrodes 2 and 3 varies with the variation
in temperature. According to the present invention, there is
provided a temperature sensitive element for compensating such a
variation, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of a moisture
preventive device for glass in a cold environment, in an attempt to
cause a window glass heating device to be energized, when
substantially the same dew depositing condition results,
irrespective of cold and warm environmental conditions. There are
various kinds of temperature sensitive elements among which
thermistors and semiconductor diodes are particularly suitable.
FIG. 3 shows one example of an essential part of the detecting
circuit 4 which uses a semiconductor diode as a temperature
sensitive element. Shown at T1 and T2 are transistors constituting
a differential amplifying circuit and at R1 to R5 are resistors.
The detecting electrodes are connected to terminals t1 and t2, and
thus resistance R between detecting electrodes and resistors R1 to
R3 constitute a bridge circuit B.
A.C. voltage is impressed by way of a capacitor C across the
electric power source terminals t2 and t3 of the bridge circuit
from an oscillator, and the bases of transistors T1 PG,9 and T2 are
connected to the detecting terminals t1 and t2 therebetween. A
semiconductor diode D serving as an temperature sensitive element
is connected between the base of the transistor T1 and the
detecting terminal t1. Output comes from the terminal t6 connected
to the collector of the transistor T2, and D.C. voltage is
impressed on operating power source terminals t5 and t2 provided
for the transistors T1 and T2.
The operation of the detecting circuit as shown in FIG. 3 is as
follows: Suppose that the ambient temperature is maintained at a
normal value and that there is no deposited dew on the surface of a
window glass, yet in terms of the absence of a diode D, then the
bridge circuit B composed of resistors R, R1 to R3 is maintained in
equilibrium, and an electric current of a certain amount flows
through transistors T1 and T2. When dew is deposited on the surface
of glass under such a condition, the resistance R will be lowered,
with the result of the decrease in amount of electric current
passing through the transistor T1, while the electric current
passing through the transistor T2 increases, whereby the voltage
drop at the collector resistance R.sub.4 increases, and then the
aforesaid voltage serves as an output voltage for the detecting
circuit. The operating circuit 5 receives this output voltage and
closes the switch 6, when the aforesaid output voltage reaches a
predetermined value. When the window glass is heated and as a
result the moisture present on the surface thereof has been
eliminated, then the resistance R resumes the initial value and the
bridge circuit B is brought to an equilibrium condition to open the
switch 6.
Suppose that the ambient temperature decreases. In this case, the
resistance R is increased to a value higher than the normal value,
such that the bridge circuit B is maintained out of equilibrium in
a manner that the electric current through the transistor T1 is
increased and the electric current through the transistor T2 is
decreased. As a result, the bridge circuit B has to first come into
equilibrium and then out of equilibrium in a reversed direction,
before the switch 6 is activated, even if the resistance R begins
decreasing. This takes a certain period of time until a
considerable degree of dew is deposited, whereby the resistance R
is reduced. However, in the presence of a diode D, because the
characteristic of the voltage Vd impressed to the diode versus
electric current Id past the diode, varies depending on ambient
temperature as shown in FIG. 4, and because the resistance of the
diode increases as temperature goes down, the variation in the
resistance R caused by the fluctuation or variation in the ambient
temperature may be cancelled by the variation in resistance of the
diode D. In other words, the resistance of the diode D is increased
together with the increase of resistance R in a cold environment,
whereby the variation in the input current at the base of
transistor T1 may be suppressed to prevent variation in electric
current at the collector-emitter of the aforesaid transistor.
Taking into consideration the value of resistances R, R1 and the
temperature-dependent variation in resistance R, if the
resistance-temperature characteristic of diode D, number or type of
diode used and the resistance values of series and parallel
resistances are properly selected, then the variation in an
operating point of the aforesaid circuit due to the
temperature-dependent variation in resistance R may be exactly
compensated, undercompensated or overcompensated.
FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of the detecting circuit 4 and
operating circuit 5. In this figure, the similar reference numerals
denote similar parts throughout FIGS. 3 and 4. Shown at R6 is a
resistor connected in parallel with the baseemitter pass of
transistor T1 and diode D. Connected in parallel to the output
resistor R4 of the differential amplifier is a capacitor C1, while
the output from the amplifier is fed by way of resistor R7 to the
base of amplifying transistor T3. Connected in parallel between the
base and emitter of transistor T3 are a resistor R8 and a capacitor
C2, while resistors R9 and R10 are connected in series to the
collector thereof. The base of a transistor T5 adapted to control a
relay Ry is connected to the junction of the resistors R9 and R10,
while a diode D1 for absorbing a counter electromotive force is
connected to the relay Ry connected to the aforesaid collector.
Coupled with zener diode ZD connected between the base of the
transistor T4 and the ground, as well as coupled with resistor R11
connected in parallel between the base and the collector of the
transistor T4, the transistor T4 constitutes a constant voltage
circuit. On the other hand, transistors T6 and T7 constitute an a
stable multi-vibrator circuit MVC, coupled with resistors R12, R13,
R12 and R15 plus capacitors C3 and C4.
In this circuit, the multi-vibrator MVC oscillates to impress A.C.
voltage by way of capacitor C to the bridge circuit B, while the
differential amplifying circuit output, which is produced upon
decrease in resistance R between the detecting electrodes due to
the deposited dew, brings the transistor T3 in electrically
conductive condition by way of resistor R7, whereby the transistor
T5 is also brought into an electrically conductive condition. When
the conductivity of the transistor T5 reaches a predetermined
value, then the relay Ry is actuated to close contacts (not shown)
which constitute the switch 6 to supply an electric current to the
heating device 1.
The use of a capacitor for coupling the oscillator to the bridge
circuit renders the moisture preventive device more compact and
lighter in weight as compared with the conventional device using a
transformer. The frequency of A.C. voltage to be impressed on the
bridge circuit B is preferably in the range from 100 to 1,000
Hertz. In case the frequency is below 100 Hz, then special
electrolytic corrosion on detecting electrodes will be caused,
while if it is greater than 1,000 Hz, there will be a danger of
causing malfunctioning due to the influence of stray
capacitance.
As is apparent from the foregoing description, according to the
present invention that, the trigger level of the differential
amplifying circuit having a temperature sensitive element in its
detecting circuit is high in a cold environment and low in a warm
environment, such that the moisture preventive device of the
invention is best suited for the output condition of bridge circuit
including detecting electrodes. As a result, the moisture
preventive device may be operated under a constant dew depositing
condition, irrespective of the summer season and winter season,
daytime and early morning, or south and north of a country, thereby
insuring desired transparency for a window glass with improved
driving safety and savings in electric power.
The temperature sensitive element D may be connected other suitable
positions, besides those shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. While description
has been thus far directed to the window glass of an automobile, it
should not be construed that present invention is limited to the
aforesaid embodiments. The invention may be applied to window glass
in any type of vehicle or building for the prevention of moisture
thereon. In addition, the moisture preventive device of the present
invention a warm air blower may be used in place of the aforesaid
heating element.
It will be understood that the above description is merely
illustrative of preferred embodiments of the invention. Additional
modifications and improvements utilizing the discoveries of the
present invention can be readily anticipated by those skilled in
the art from the present disclosure, and such modifications and
improvements may fairly be presumed to be within the scope and
purview of the invention as defined by the claims that follow.
* * * * *