U.S. patent number 3,901,123 [Application Number 05/377,323] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-26 for cartridge feed and orientation system for rapid fire weapon.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Pacific Car and Foundry Company. Invention is credited to Laurence I. Jayne, Roland A. Magnuson.
United States Patent |
3,901,123 |
Jayne , et al. |
August 26, 1975 |
Cartridge feed and orientation system for rapid fire weapon
Abstract
An automatic weapon for use within a turret including means to
seal substantially all of the gases generated during use within the
weapon to prevent escape into the turret. The gun includes means to
feed the cartridges in an orientation perpendicular to the gun
barrel thus allowing use of a simple compact feed system, external
of the gun, in which changes in gun elevation do not twist the
ammunition feed belt and a means for ejecting the spent cartridges
forwardly through the armour at the same location through which the
barrel protrudes.
Inventors: |
Jayne; Laurence I. (Renton,
WA), Magnuson; Roland A. (Seattle, WA) |
Assignee: |
Pacific Car and Foundry Company
(Bellevue, WA)
|
Family
ID: |
26880830 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/377,323 |
Filed: |
July 9, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
185139 |
Sep 30, 1971 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
89/33.2;
89/33.25 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
15/00 (20130101); F41A 9/54 (20130101); F41H
7/03 (20130101); F41A 9/29 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
15/00 (20060101); F41A 9/00 (20060101); F41A
9/54 (20060101); F41A 9/29 (20060101); F41H
7/00 (20060101); F41H 7/03 (20060101); F41d
009/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;89/33R,33BB,33BC,33C,33CA ;42/16,17 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Seed, Berry, Vernon &
Baynham
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 185,139, filed Sept.
30, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. An ammunition feed system for an automatic weapon operated
solely by firing of the weapon, the feed system designed to feed
link belt ammunition from a remote supply to the rear of the weapon
with the axes of the cartridges engaging by hole link belt
perpendicular to the direction in which the cartridge enters the
breech port of the weapon, comprising:
a detachable, ready round holder mounted adjacent the feed end of
the breech port of the automatic weapon receiving the link belt
ammunition from a remote supply with the longitudinal axes of the
cartridges held by the link belt perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the breech port and barrel of the weapon, the ready round
holder including: (1) a first portion to receive a sequence of
linked together cartridges, (2) a second portion adjacent the first
portion receiving single cartridges, one at a time, as they are
stripped from the link belt, and (3) a fixed pivot adjacent the
first and second portions,
means moving the leading cartridge held in the ready round holder
from the first portion to the second portion without substantial
rotation about its longitudinal axis,
means stripping the lead cartridge from the link belt during
movement from the first portion to the second portion, and
means actuated by recoil of the weapon contacting the cartridge and
rotating it about the fixed pivot to a position substantially
parallel with the breech port of the weapon for movement into the
breech.
2. The ammunition feed system of claim 1 wherein the means moving
the cartridge from the first portion to the second portion
comprises a pair of pivoted arms actuated by recoil of the weapon
contacting the leading cartridge and, on recoil, moving the
cartridge.
3. The feed system of claim 2 including a pawl moved by recoil of
the weapon interacting with the link belt to move the linked
cartridges one at a time into lead position for movement to the
second portion.
4. The ammunition feed system of claim 1 wherein the ready round
holder includes an inclined camming surface adjacent the cartridge
after movement to the second portion, the cartridge moved along the
camming surface by the means rotating the cartridge about the fixed
pivot into position for insertion into the breech, and
resilient fingers mounted on the ready holder for contacting the
cartridge in position for insertion into the breech to hold the
cartridge until rammed by the bolt of the weapon into the breech.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Because of the need for keeping weight at a minimum and since space
is at a premium, a rapid fire weapon which is mounted upon a
vehicle requires special design considerations. In the past the
rapid fire weapon has been designed and tested in open air use
wherein space and venting of resultant gases presented no problem.
When the weapon is used in open air the wind takes care of any
exhaust gases and the pivoting of the weapon creates no major
problems since the ammunition feed may pivot therewith assuring a
relatively straight infeed.
Once the weapon is placed within a turret, however, there must be
provided some means to either eliminate the exhaust gas problem or
alternatively to remove it from within the turret. Further, once
the gun is mounted within the turret there is not sufficient space
to allow the ammunition to pivot with the gun. In prior
installations elaborate systems have been developed for feeding
ammunition to the weapon for firing. Normally, the ammunition is
fed in a continuous linkage from a storage box which is relatively
fixed. These ammunition feed systems have included elaborate guide
means causing the ammunition to enter the weapon at the proper
orientation. Traditionally the ammunition is fed from the side of
the gun with the axis of the shell generally parallel to the axis
of the barrel thereby requiring a bulky complicated external feed
system having a tendency to jam when the gun is fired in an
elevated barrel position.
Yet another problem which is inherent in a turret mounting, but
presents no problem when used in open air firing, is the
disposition of spent cartridges and/or link members. In the turret
mounted weapons currently in use there is provided, adjacent the
weapon, an opening, which may be sealed when not in use, whereby
the shells as spent may be ejected. The problem with the opening
within the side of the turret is firstly, that it is a weak point
within the armour system of the vehicle and secondly, it must be
substantially larger than absolutely necessary since the shells as
they leave the gun are normally spinning in an end over end
orientation therefore requiring a greater sized opening. Since the
gun is designed to move about a central pivot point and the
ejection port of the gun is not located above the pivot point, the
ejection port travels in a variety of arcs thereby ejecting spent
cartridges from different places within the turret. The continuous
movement of the weapon necessitates an even larger hole within the
armour for the exit of the spent cartridges.
As noted above, the weapons which are used within the turrets are
normally designed and tested in open air firing and then they are
simply mounted within a turret and expected to operate. For the
most part this has proved to be satisfactory excepting the
discomfort of the weapon operator and the unreliability because of
jamming. The times when the gun jams may be critical not only in
the terms of the particular encounter but may be extremely costly
in terms of loss of the vehicle or human life.
In an effort to obviate the above problems it is an object of the
present invention to provide an automatic rifle for turret mounting
wherein the feed system causes the ammunition to approach the gun
from the rear thereby saving space and complexity in the external
feed system and eliminating any jamming problem when the gun is in
an elevated position.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an
automatic weapon wherein the ammunition is fed into the weapon from
the rear thereby allowing the weapon to be placed further forward
in the turret resulting in more room inside the turret.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
automatic rifle wherein the exhaust gases formed during the firing
of the weapon are sealed within the gun itself and vented outside
of the turret causing little or no problems for the operator.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an
ejection system which causes the spent cartridges to leave the
turret in the direction of the barrel thereby requiring no
weakening of the vehicle's armour system and not necessitating
additional openings.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an
ammunition feed system wherein the ammunition approaches the weapon
at an orientation perpendicular to the barrel and during the
operation of the gun is automatically pivoted to the proper
orientation for feeding to the chamber for firing.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an
ammunition feed system wherein the links in the ammunition belt are
automatically stripped from a cartridge as it is moved into the gun
and the delinking means likewise serves as a gas sealing element
being normally closed. The delinking means is open only when
another shell is fed therethrough.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an
ammunition feed system wherein the transition from one type of
ammunition to another is rapid, does not require the wasting of a
round nor does it require the operator to handle a single loose
cartridge.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an
ammunition feed system portion which is removable and yet serves as
an integral element of the weapon when attached, causing the
ammunition to be properly oriented. The removable portion further
locks one end of the ammunition belt within this section such that
the operator need only remove the section in use and replace it
with another interchangeable section to change from one type of
ammunition to another.
It is still a further object to provide a spent cartridge ejection
system wherein the cartridge is automatically moved laterally off
the axis of the barrel during the counter recoil of the rifle and
ejected forwardly parallel to the barrel.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a gun
which is specifically designed for operation within a confined
turret area eliminating the problems normally associated with
turret installations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the general outline of the
inventive weapon mounted in a typical turret gun shield complete
with elevation trunnions.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the inventive weapon with the top
opened disclosing the relative location of the interior
workings.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the detachable ready round
holder.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view through the ready round holder as it
would be mounted within the weapon.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the ready round holder with portions of
the associated weapon phantomed in for clarity.
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the weapon showing the feed
system and the ready round holder in both its in-use and storage
position.
FIG. 7 is a sectional elevation showing the other side of the
ammunition feed system from that shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing the ammunition
delinking and gas sealing gates.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the weapon in full recoil
position with the portions broken away for clarity illustrating the
ammunition feeding mechanism.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view through the upper portion of the weapon
depicting the bolt rotation means.
FIG. 11 is an elevational section depicting the weapon in its
firing position and showing a spent cartridge being ejected.
FIG. 12 is an elevational section through the rear portion of the
weapon depicting the recoil compression spring.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the spent cartridge ejection
system.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view along lines 14--14 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the accelerator mechanism
incorporated in the ejection system.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged section through the ready round mechanism
showing the cartridge retaining means.
FIG. 17 is an enlarged view showing the cam mechanism for the
ejecting system.
FIG. 18 is a sectional view along lines 18--18 of FIG. 12 depicting
the bolt fingers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
As can be seen in FIG. 1 the automatic weapon comprises a main
housing 2 which encapsulates the automatic feed mechanism, the
firing mechanism and the ejection mechanism. As seen in FIG. 2 the
housing 2 has a cover 4 which is hingedly mounted and pivots
upwardly for easy access to the mechanism within the housing 2. The
gun is shown mounted by its mounting interface in a typical turret
gun shield 6. The shield 6 carries trunnions about which it and the
weapon can rotate to elevate the line of fire. The shield 6 closes
the opening through which the weapon must protrude for firing.
Secured to the back of the housing 2 is the ready round holder 8,
described in greater detail hereinafter, having extending therefrom
a plurality of cartridges 10 linked together for automatic feeding
to the weapon.
Extending forwardly from the housing 2 is the ejection tube 12,
barrel support 14 and the barrel 16. The barrel support 14 is fixed
to the front of the housing 2 and includes, as is known in the art,
bearings within the interior such that the barrel 16 may
reciprocate within the support 14 during the firing of the
weapon.
Referring now to FIG. 2 it can be seen that the gun is designed
such that the cover 4 of the housing 2 is hinged at 18 such that
the gun may be readily serviced without dismanteling the entire
weapon. As can be seen in this view the cover portion 4 of the gun
includes a pair of gear racks 20 for the accelerator pinions 22 as
described hereinafter. Further included within the cover are a pair
of cams 24 which will be described in greater detail with respect
to FIG. 9 but function to provide the initial motion to the
accelerator mechanism. Further, mounted within the cover portion 4
is a rod 26 which when the cover is in a closed position form a
stop to the forward movement of the upstanding firing pin actuating
lever 28 causing the hammer to strike the firing pin at the end of
the counter recoil. The firing mechanism will be described in
greater detail hereinafter.
WEAPON FEED SYSTEM
The weapon feed system includes as an essential element the
detachable ready round holder 40 as shown in isometric view in FIG.
3. The ready round holder includes a downwardly turned chute
portion 42 adapted to extend rearwardly as seen in FIG. 6 which
serves as a guide member for the cartridges 10 linked together as
they enter the ready round holder for eventual firing. The guide
chute 42 is rectangular in cross section of a size to accommodate
the shells in a parallel orientation and curves to a relatively
flat portion 44 which extends forwardly sufficiently far that when
the ready round holder 40 is mounted in the gun it guides the
linked cartridges 10 until they are controlled by other mechanisms.
The front bottom edge 46 has rectangular slots 47 cut therein to
allow passage of delinking mechanism as described hereinafter. It
is to be noted, in this view, that the top portion 48 of the lower
forward portion 44 of the guide tube is set back from the front
edge 46 thus allowing the upward movement of the cartridges 10 when
under control of the delinking mechanism. Integrally connected to
the uppeer forward portion 48 is a fixed pivot 50 which is mounted
within a guide and holding housing which includes curved shields 52
and 54 for guiding the cartridge 10 when moving from the delinked
position to the position where it will be rammed into the breech
80. The top 53 of the ready round holder 40 and shields 52 and 54
keep the cartridge 10 when being translated from one position to
the other under control. The top 53 of the ready round holder 40
has slots 56 which have upwardly biased resilient fingers 58 such
that a cartridge 10 when in the position to be moved to the breech
will be captured between the fingers 58 and the top surface of the
receptor trough 72 (FIG. 4) having a cammed surface and held in
position until moved in a forward direction as explained
hereinafter.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5 it can be seen that the cartridges
10 as fed into the ready round holder 40 come in on the lower level
guided by the forward portion 44 of the chute 42 and then are
lifted upwardly by the delinking mechanism, hereinafter described,
to a position as shown in phantom whereat a moving cam 70,
described in detail hereinafter, causes the cartridge 10 to pivot
about a fixed pivot 50 thus translating the axis of the cartridge
10 90.degree. and simultaneously camming it upwardly on the cam 70
to trough 72 to a position where it is lodged between the top
surface of the receptor trough 72 and resilient fingers 58. Once
the cartridge 10 is in the position shown in FIG. 3 it is moved
linearly by the bolt shown in phantom in FIG. 4 and rammed into the
breech whereat the bolt is locked and the shell fired.
The weapon is entirely loaded and fired by use of recoil energy,
part of which is stored in a spring as described in greater detail
hereinafter with reference to FIG. 12. As can be seen in FIGS. 6, 7
and 9, the rifle breach 80 is integrally connected to a downwardly
projecting side piece 84, on the left hand side looking down the
barrel of the gun, see FIG. 9, and a similar element 86 on the
right hand side. As the gun recoils since these two side pieces 84,
86 which are fixed to the breech will move with the barrel in a
rearward direction and later be returned to the firing position
which is forwardmost thus operating the mechanism hereinafter
described. As seen in FIG. 9, the weapon is in full recoil position
and side piece 86 is shown within a slot 88 in a relatively fixed
portion 89 of the weapon and which serves as a guide means assuring
proper linear motion of the side pieces and thus their interconnect
instrumentalities. Likewise, as seen in FIG. 9, both side panels 84
and 86 include a cam, 90 and 92 respectively, the purpose of which
will be hereinafter described. Centrally located of FIG. 9 is an
upstanding trunnion 94 which is a relatively fixed element secured
to the main gun support 89 and not moved with the recoil of the
rifle. A bell crank 96 is pivotally mounted to trunnion 94 and
includes a cam follower 98, best seen in FIG. 6, and has the other
leg pivotally attached to a feed platform 100. Secured to the upper
surface of feed platform 100 are a pair of trunnions 102, 104 which
are caused to move therewith. Mounted between the trunnions is a
cylindrical shaft 106 having mounted at either end thereof
delinking levers 108, 110. Delinking levers 108, 110 are rigidly
secured to opposite ends of cylindrical shaft 106 and thus move
simultaneously therewith. Delinking lever 110 extends forwardly, as
can be seen in FIG. 7, and has a cam follower 112 at the
forwardmost end thereof. Cam follower 112 is adapted to follow the
upper contours of cam 92 as seen in FIG. 7 and thus causing the
delinking lever 110 to pivot about an axis passing through the
center of hollow shaft 106. When the recoiling parts are moving
from the firing position, i.e. to the right as seen in FIG. 7, the
cam follower 112 will be forced downwardly following surface 113
thus lifting the after end 111 thereof forcing a live round up
through the delinking gates 204 as described hereinafter. It will
be obvious that the actual round handling end 111 of delinking
lever 110 will reach its uppermost position forcing the round
through the delinking gate 204 and then will retract because of
spring 122 pushing the cam follower 112 up against flat face 116 of
the cam 92. During the counter recoil of the rifle the cam follower
112 which is spring biased in an axial direction will contact the
tapered lip 118 which will cause the follower 112 to retract and
pass behind the downward projection 120 until it again reaches the
cam 92 at its forwardmost position as shown in solid whereat the
cam follower 112 will again return to its extended position and
under the control of cam 92. It will be apparent that when follower
112 passes behind the portion 120 of cam 92 it will tend to travel
in a straight line thus not causing the delinking mechanism to move
upwardly which would interfere with the operations of the weapon. A
platform 121 is formed upon an arm 130 to provide a base for the
spring 122 which is mounted between platform 121 and top 123 on
delinking lever 110 forces the cam follower 112 in an upward
direction. The feed mechanism further includes a rearwardly
extending arm 130 which has a cam follower 132 which follows the
bottom or straight surface of the cam 92 and thus is restricted to
a forward and backward linear motion. As noted above the spring 122
is mounted between the arm 130 and the delinking lever 110 whereby
the two are continuously forced in a diverse position except when
squeezed together by portion 120 of the cam 92.
In summary, driven by the movement of recoil, the projection 120 on
the cam will cause the delinking levers 108 and 110 to rotate about
the axis 106. Their ends 111 reach their upwardmost position
pushing a new round through the delinking gates 204 in time for the
moving cam 70, FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, to rotate the cartridge 90.degree.
to the ready position for ramming into the breech. The delinking
levers 108 and 110 are then allowed to return to their downward
position where they clear the mechanism on the return trip. It is
to be noted that the forward end of arm 130 of the feed platform
100 is guided by the groove 88 thereby confining it to the proper
linear motion. This arm 130 is supported by the attached cam
follower 132 which rolls on the straight cam surface 92, FIG. 7.
This arrangement allows the relatively high delinking force on the
delinking lever to be reacted by arm 130 and cam follower 132
bering against the guiding surface 92 of side plate 86. This
arrangement keeps stresses localized and eliminates deflection of
other elements which may cause mechanical interference. The outer
ends of the two arms 130 are interconnected by a rod 133. The rod
133 extends outwardly on both sides of the arms 130 to terminate in
flat sided projections 134 which act in conjunction with slots 136
further stablizing the outboard end of the feed platform.
Upon the upper side of the connecting rod 133 are a pair of
trunnions 140, see FIG. 9, having mounted therebeteen a feed pawl
142 which is integral with a downwardly projecting handle 146 which
is spring biased outwardly by spring 148 thus continually urging
the pawl 142 in an upward direction for purposes to be hereinafter
described.
Again referring to FIG. 9 it can be seen that the relatively fixed
portion of the gun which underlies all of the hereinabove described
mechanism is generally a continuous plate 180 with the exception of
a rectangular opening 182 which is necessary for the operation. It
is through this opening 182 that the links pass after the round has
been removed therefrom.
Referring now to FIG. 6 the rear end of the weapon is shown with
the ready round holder 40 in position for operation. As shown in
phantom there is a round ready for movement into the breech 80, and
the gun is shown in a full recoil position. In this position the
gun will move forward under spring pressure as described
hereinafter and the bolt 234, shown in phantom, will force the
round into the breech 80 whereat it will be fired. It is to be
noted at this point that the ready round holder 40 is shown in
proper position for operation but also included in this view in
phantom are a pair of latch mechanisms whereat the ready round
holder 40 could be stored, 40a and 40b. By allowing convenient
storage for the ready round holder 40 the operator need only pull
out the ready round holder 40, which is in the gun when the gun is
in a full recoil position move it either to the upper or lower
storage position, i.e. the one which is unoccupied and remove the
second type of ammunition from the other storage position and place
it in operating position. When the ready round holder 40 is in
operative position he releases the bolt 234 and commences firing.
The ready round holder 40 when in operative position is held from
motion relative to the gun by pin 59, FIG. 1, engging the hold 55,
FIG. 3. This pin 59 must be disengaged and handle 146 on the feed
pawl 142, FIG. 6, depressed to release the ready round holder 40
for removal from the gun. When the ready round holder 40 is in
position, operation of the extensions 130 upon the feed platform
100, which as noted above reciprocates in the fore-and-aft
direction, continuously feeds the rounds of ammunition to the
proper position for movement upwardly to the loading position by
means of the delinking levers 108, 110. It is to be noted that the
charging of the weapon is similar to those currently in operation
in that the recoil spring must be compressed but differing
therefrom in that the ready round holder 40 then need only be
placed in position and the weapon is ready for use.
The weapon moves from its forwardmost position to its rearwardmost
position under the force of the recoil after firing and then
returns by force of a spring compressed similarly by the recoil
after firing. Because of the bellcrank 96 which operates, as noted
before, upon a relatively stationary trunnion 94 the feed platform
100 and those automatically attached thereto are controlled by
follower 98 and the contour of surface 90 in the side piece 84. See
FIGS. 6 and 9 which are shown in full recoil position. The surface
90 is profiled so that there is a dwell period for the feed
platform 100 during the first part of recoil while delinking, as
described previously, is taking place. The slanted upward portion
of surface 90 then forces the follower 98 and bell crank 96 to move
the feed platform 100 forward. This forward movement of the feed
platform 100 causes the feed pawl 142, described earlier, to move
the linked ammunition into the gun one space. The term "space" as
used herein refers to moving a cartridge 10 forward one position.
On counter recoil the feed platform 100 returns the feed pawl 142
for the next round. The belt of linked ammunition is prevented from
backing up during this return stroke by the upwardly biased pawl 57
which is pivotally mounted to the ready round holder 40 as seen in
FIG. 16.
As noted above, once the ready round holder 40 is placed in
position the feed pawl 142 will automatically move the rounds one
at a time toward the delinking position and the delinking levers
108 and 110 will lift them through the delinking gates 80
hereinafter described and place them in position for rotation by
the moving cam 70 into alignment for ramming into the breech 80. As
can be seen in FIG. 6, when the ready round holder 40 is placed in
position it straddles the gate 204 and when the round is moved from
its linked position to its position for rotation whereat the axis
will be parallel to the gun barrel it passes through the opening
between delinking gates 204, see FIG. 7.
The opening between gates 204 is sealed during the majority of the
time to retain the gases within the chamber by means of a delinking
mechanism which is shown in detail in FIG. 8. As can be seen in
this figure the delinking mechanism comprises a pair of slidably
mounted gates 204 having downwardly depending edges 206. The gates
204 are secured to links 208 which are pivotally mounted at 210 and
held in a closed position by tension spring 212. When a round is
being forced through the delinking gate 204 the downwardly
depending edges 206 interlock with the links 208 spreading them
sufficiently far apart that the round can be forced upwardly out of
the link 208. As the delinking arms 111 lift the round upwardly the
round contacts the cams 114 (FIG. 6) opening the gate and the round
itself cams the gate far enough open such that it may pass
therethrough. Immediately after the round has passed through the
gate 204 they are again returned to their closed position thus
trapping any exhaust gas within the weapon itself.
WEAPON LOADING AND SHELL DISCHARGE SYSTEM
The mechanism is hereinabove described removes the live ammunition
from the link storage system and places it in proper position for
placement within the firing chamber. The mechanism for moving the
shell into the chamber and then removing the spent cartridge by
ejecting it is shown in FIGS. 10 through 13 and FIG. 18. As will be
recalled with regard to FIG. 9 a cam 184 is located upon the side
of the housing 2 and this cam 84 can again be seen in FIG. 10. A
complementary cam 185 can be seen on the opposite side of the
weapon in FIG. 10. The bolt 234 which, as is known, carries the
cartridge 10 to the breech 80 and therefor must move in a linear
direction from the time it picks up the cartridge 10 until it is
locked in place. To assure the absolute linear movement to prevent
jamming during rapid usage the bolt carrier 220 is moved for
movement between a pair of guides 222, 224 and the bolt 234 is
mounted for relative rotation therein. The bolt 234 is rotated
automtically to lock the bolt 234 within the breech 80 thus
preventing misfiring or rearward movement of the bolt 234 during
the actual firing. The bolt 234 is rotated by action of cams 184,
185 and cam followers 228, 230. Cam followers 228, 230 are mounted
upon the ends of a bolt rotation element 232 mounted for movement
transverse to the direction of the bolt 234 and including upon the
lower portion thereof a series of teeth 234 which interact with
teeth 236 upon the bolt. After the bolt has pushed the cartridge 10
into the breech 80, the two continue to travel together for a short
distance before reaching firing position. During this time the cams
184, 185 etc. cause the cam followers 228, 230 to move the rotation
element 232 thus rotating the bolt 234 and locking the bolt 234
within the breech 80. During recoil the reverse operation takes
place and the bolt 234 is thus unlocked and capable of moving in a
rearward direction for discharge of the spent cartridge.
EJECTOR SYSTEM
Referring now to FIG. 13 the ejector system can be seen. Mounted
along each side of the barrel 16 and placed to interact with the
racks 20 in the cover 4 are a pair of accelerator pinions 22
mounted on the ends of arms 252 which are pivotably secured to arms
254 which in turn are pivotally secured to the ejector mechanism.
At the pivotal joint between the arms 252, 254 there is an
outstanding cam follower 350 for inter action with the accelerator
cam 24 as shown in FIG. 9. During operation the accelerator pinions
22 and arms 252, 254 move from a flexed position as shown in FIG.
13 to a position whereat the arms 252, 254 are relatively straight.
Because of the great forces imposed when the weapon recoils,
referring now to FIG. 15, which is a view looking in from the left
of FIG. 14, it can be seen, the pinion gears 22 would be subjected
to a great deal of strain and either strip the pinion gears 22 or
the rack gears 20. The accelerator mechanism moves from its
position as shown in solid wherein the gun is ready for firing,
i.e. gun forwardmost to position B as shown in phantom wherein the
pinion teeth 22 first engage the rack teeth and then completely
rotating until it reaches the position C at the full recoil
position. In order to prevent the great stress upon the teeth 20,
22 the acceleartor cam 24 is introduced to interact with the cam
follower 350. During recoil the cam follower 350 following the cam
24 begins the downward motion of the arm 252 thus preventing the
excess strain upon the pinion 22. The rearwardmost end of arms 254
is secured to a trunnion 256 which is formed integrally with the
bolt carrier 220.
Mounted to the trunnion 256 and extending upwardly and forwardly
therefrom is a pusher member 258 for actually forcing the empty
cartridge down the discharge tube 12 as explained hereinafter.
Mounted for rotaty motion and extending through the trunnion 256 in
a direction generally parallel to the axis of the barrel is a rod
260 having on its rearwardmost end an arm and cam follower 262 and
at its forwardmost end the cartridge grasping elements. Cam
follower 262 is mounted to interact with cam 270 as shown in FIGS.
11 and 17 such that during the recoil of the weapon the cartridge
grasping elements are caused to rotate downwardly to grasp the
shell and during counter recoil upwardly to place the cartridge in
front of the follower or pusher 258. The cartridge grasping
elements as best seen in FIGS. 10 and 13 comprise a pair of opposed
jaw members 280, 282. 280 is journaled to the rod 260 with freedom
to rotate, but only when acted upon by sufficient force to over
come the drag of frictional spring brake 284 pressing against the
non rotating support housing 261. It is to be noted that the jaw
element 280 has an outwardly extending integral element 286 which
surrounds the jaw 282 which is movable between pins 288, 290.
Movable jaw 282 is connected eccentrically to shaft 260 by a pin
joint and arm 262. It can now be seen that when shaft 260 rotates
clockwise as seen in FIG. 13, arm 262 pulls jaw 282 downwards until
it grips a cartridge or until pin 288 contacts 280 if no cartridge
is present. The amount of pressure exerted by the jaw is controlled
by the amount of drag of spring brake 284. A counter clockwise
rotation of shaft 260 causes jaw 282 to move outwardly from jaw 280
until stopped by pin 290 thus releasing or opening the grip. The
jaws are rotated as a unit in either direction by the continued
rotation of shaft 260 after the initial lost motion which causes
gripping or releasing. It so happens in operation that when the
jaws rotate downward towards the empty extracted cartridge the jaws
open up. When they start back up at the start of counter recoil,
they grip and raise the empty cartridge and when the cam follower
262 contacts the inclined surface 270, FIG. 17, they release it.
The latter occurs at the instant the bolt 234 and attached jaws
carrying the empty case obtain their greatest forward velocity. The
momentum of the released cartridge case carries it forward and out
of the discharge tube 12. Pusher member 258 helps to make this
operation positive by providing impetus if the empty cartridge
slips in the jaws. In operation, at the beginning of the recoil the
bolt 234 is unlocked and then the accelerator arms 252, 254 are put
into motion causing the bolt 234 as well as the rest of the
attached ejection mechanism to move rearwardly at a more rapid rate
than the rest of the recoiling parts. The empty case is thereby
extracted from the chamber by extracting finger 351 which is
attached to the bolt 234, FIG. 18. Extracting finger 351 is spring
biased in such a way that it can spring outwardly to snap over the
rim of a cartridge that is chambered and also to push the extracted
cartridge laterally as it pulls it from the chamber. This causes
the opposite side of the cartridge rim to be caught under and
stabilized by a second finger 252 projecting from and rigidly
connected to the bolt 234. The cartridge case is thus held by its
rim in two opposing fingers 351, 352 that are oriented in such a
manner as to allow the spent cartridge to be slid out laterally by
the jaws 280 and 282, FIG. 13.
ENERGY CONSERVATION SYSTEM
Referring again to FIGS. 12 and 13, the recoil of the weapon causes
the compression of a pair of springs 300 located in bores in arms
222, 224. As the weapon recoils it moves to the position shown in
phantom in FIG. 12 and would be latched by interaction of the
downwardly depending ledge 302 interacting with the latch 304.
Latch 304 is urged upwardly to its latch position by spring 306
acting upon tab 308. For completely automatic operation, latch 304
will be held inactive and allow the weapon to automatically
recycle.
SUMMARY
As can thus be seen the hereinabove described weapon will prevent
gases from escaping into the turret, feeds in cartridges
perpendicular to the gun barrel to allow the use of a simple,
compact feet system, external of the gun, that does not twist the
linked ammunition belt when firing at different elevations, and
further, will discharge the empty shells forward through the same
opening in the turret armour through which the barrel
protrudes.
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