U.S. patent number 3,900,959 [Application Number 05/358,031] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-26 for combined infra-red and air flow drying for photographic film.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Enzo Breschi, Mario Williner.
United States Patent |
3,900,959 |
Breschi , et al. |
August 26, 1975 |
Combined infra-red and air flow drying for photographic film
Abstract
Photographic film is quickly and efficiently dried by a
combination of infra-red radiation sources and independent
non-heated air sources, which combination does not allow the film
to be damaged by the drying process.
Inventors: |
Breschi; Enzo (Savona,
IT), Williner; Mario (Savona, IT) |
Assignee: |
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
Company (St. Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
23408019 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/358,031 |
Filed: |
May 7, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
34/639; 392/356;
392/417; 392/421; 396/571; 219/388; 392/420; 430/944 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F26B
13/10 (20130101); F26B 3/283 (20130101); G03D
15/027 (20130101); Y10S 430/145 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F26B
3/28 (20060101); F26B 13/10 (20060101); F26B
3/00 (20060101); G03D 15/02 (20060101); F26b
003/00 (); F26b 013/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;34/4,7,17,18,23,41,155
;96/5R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Photography Its Materials and Processes, C. B. Neblette, Fifth
Edition, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., TR 145N4, 1952..
|
Primary Examiner: Myhre; Charles J.
Assistant Examiner: Anderson; William C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Alexander, Sell, Steldt &
DeLaHunt
Claims
What we claim is:
1. Apparatus for the drying of photographic film impregnated with
water, said apparatus comprising a drying chamber provided with an
inlet and outlet, at least one pair of nip rollers at least
partially within said drying chamber for conveying film, said
apparatus further characterized by
a. at least two infra-red radiation sources on each side of the
conveying plane of the film turned towards the conveying plane at a
distance of from 1 to 3 cm., said at least two radiation sources
having said at least one pair of nip rollers positioned between
them,
b. shields between all of said infra-red radiation sources and all
of said nip rollers which prevent them from heating said nip
rollers,
c. means for supplying air at the surfaces of the film at a
temperature of from 15.degree. to 35.degree.C, said sources
directed towards the said conveying plane and placed on both sides
of said plane, and
d. paths within said chamber for conveying air away from said
chamber after said air has been directed towards said conveying
plane.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which each of said paths for
conveying air away from said chamber are located adjacent to said
sources of air.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the non-heated air flow is
supplied at a rate sufficient that the film does not undergo a
temperature increase higher than 10.degree.C.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 in which each of said infra-red
radiation sources has a said source of air and a said path for
conveying air on each side of each said infra-red radiation
source.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 in which there are two said sources of
air and two said paths for conveying air about each said infra-red
radiation source.
Description
The present invention relates to a new method for drying a
photographic film impregnated with water and to devices suitable
for realizing such a method, particularly in radiography and
graphic arts.
It is known that a photographic film after exposure is
photographically processed, washed and then dried to remove the
water with which it is impregnated at the end of the processing.
Such a film can be dried either by placing it into drying cabinets,
where hot, dry air is blown, or by passing the film through a drier
consisting of a drying chamber provided with an inlet and an outlet
and conveying means at least partially placed inside of the
chamber. Said conveying means generally consist of rollers which
rotate on their axis, thus causing the film, placed in close
contact therewith, to move along a conveying plane formed by the
points of contact between the rollers and the film. In particular,
said rollers can be arranged in two opposite series in reciprocal
contact.
A drying device of the second type generally includes a fan which
conveys the air towards a heater and then along both sides of the
film passing through the drying chamber. The hot air flow dries the
film more quickly the higher is the temperature of the air blowing
on the film.
The heater can be a conventional resistor or any heat energy
source, such as for instance an infra-red ray source as described
in British Pat. No. 1,131,681.
A device of the above described type has particular limits and
drawbacks deriving from the fact that the photographic film is
damaged if heated up to high temperatures, such as for instance
over 60.degree.-70.degree.C. On the other hand, a drying device
loses a large part of its efficiency if lower temperature air flow
is used in order to avoid damaging the film. Such a device,
furthermore, has the drawback of requiring an idling time before
the air is heated up to the working temperature.
According to the present invention, we have now found a method
which allows photographic film to be dried rapidly and without any
excessive heating in drying devices including passages where the
film passes through a drying chamber as described above.
According to the present invention, we provide methods and devices,
particularly useful in radiography and graphic arts, which allow
the photographic film to be dried in a simple and low cost way,
with small overall dimensions, without the danger of damaging the
film and which are capable of drying the film without any need of
pre-heating the same devices.
According to the present invention, the passage of the photographic
film through the said drying chamber occurs in the presence of
infra-red ray sources which irradiate the film on both sides and in
the presence of sources (outlets) of non-heated air (fed by one or
more fans) which flows on both sides of the film. The speed of the
film, the length of the drying chamber, the power of the said
infra-red ray sources, the power and the delivery capacity of the
fan(s) feeding the said air sources, the temperature of the air and
the geometrical arrangement of the said sources are chosen so that
at the end of the passage the film turns out to be dry
substantially without having undergone any temperature increase
(such as for instance over 5.degree.-10.degree.C). The photographic
film is both irradiated with infra-red rays which cause water to
evaporate from the film and also struck by non-heated air jets
which remove the water vapor thus formed, and prevent a substantial
temperature increase of the film. The intensity of the infra-red
radiation and the rate of mass flow of the air should be reasonably
balanced so as to prevent any substantial temperature rise in the
film.
According to an essential feature of the present invention, the
infra-red ray and non-heated air sources are placed in such a
relationship that the air is not heated by the infra-red rays and
is therefore able to cool the film. According to a preferred
feature of the present invention, the infra-red ray sources have an
oblong shape and, according to the above mentioned feature, are
placed at a distance of 1-3 cm. from the conveying plane of the
film.
According to the present invention, the infra-red rays and the
non-heated air preferably have independent physically separated
sources so that the air is not directly heated by the infra-red
source. Non-heated air means air at room temperature, i.e., at a
temperature ranging from 15.degree. to 35.degree.C, preferably from
18.degree. to 23.degree.C.
According to the present invention, the said infra-red ray sources
are each preferably placed between two air sources. The infra-red
ray sources are preferably heated up only during the passage of the
film through the device of the present invention, thus allowing an
obvious saving of energy.
Briefly, the present invention concerns a method for drying a
photographic film impregnated with water, characterized in that the
film is irradiated with infra-red radiations and, at the same time,
struck by an air jet at room temperature to remove the moisture
from the film. The above-mentioned conditions with which the film
is both irradiated with infra-red rays and struck with air at room
temperature are such that the film is dried without undergoing any
substantial temperature increase.
The present invention further relates to a method for drying a
photographic film impregnated with water, including the passage of
the film through a drying chamber, characterized in that:
a. the passage of the film occurs in presence of infra-red ray and
non-heated air sources, which both strike the film;
b. said infra-red ray sources have an oblong shape and are placed
on both sides of the conveying plane of the film at a distance
ranging from 1 to 3 cm.;
c. the temperature of the air striking the film ranges from
15.degree. to 35.degree.C.
The present invention further concerns a drying device for a
photographic film impregnated with water of the type including a
drying chamber provided with an inlet and an outlet and conveying
means for the film at least partially placed in the said chamber,
characterized in that said chamber includes:
1. oblong-shaped infra-red ray sources turned towards the conveying
plane of the film and placed on both sides of the said plane at a
distance ranging from 1 to 3 cm.;
2. air sources at a temperature ranging from 15.degree. to
35.degree.C turned towards said conveying plane and placed on both
sides of said plane.
The present invention further refers to methods and devices for
drying a photographic film as described above, wherein the air and
the infra-red rays reach the film through separate outlets and/or
the drying conditions are such that the film undergoes a
temperature increase not higher than 5.degree.-10.degree.C. The
present invention substantially relates to methods and devices as
described in the present patent application.
A drying device according to the present invention can either be
usefully incorporated in an automatic processor for photographic
films for use in radiography or graphic arts or be used as a table
drier. If it is used as a table drier, the device of the present
invention should be further provided with a support plane and
squeezing rollers, as known to those skilled in the art. In both
cases, the speed of the passage of the film through the drying
chamber, the length of said chamber, the power of the said
infra-red sources and the power of the fan or fans, feeding the air
sources, will be from time to time chosen by those skilled in the
art, in using a device as described in the present invention,
according to the particular use intended.
The following table indicates preferred values of such parameters
according to three different constructions suitable for drying
X-ray films of the type which may be processed in an automatic
processor (such as for instance the applicant's radiographic film
of the R type).
TABLE
__________________________________________________________________________
Speed 1 2 3 0.9-1.1 cm/sec. 1.4-1.6 cm/sec. 2-22 cm/sec.
__________________________________________________________________________
Length of the drying chamber 5-8 cm. 10-15 cm. 15-20 cm. Power of
the infra-red lamps XXX-500 W - 1000 W XXX-1000 W - 1500 W XXX-1200
W - 1800 W Number of the lamps 2 2-4 4-6 Delivery capacity of the
fans 300-600 m.sup.3 /h 500-700 m.sup.3 /h 600-900 m.sup.3 /h Power
of the fans 50-60 W each 60-80 W each 70-100 W each
__________________________________________________________________________
The infra-red ray sources are quartz tungsten lamps, preferably at
a high temperature, with a color like those used for
photoreproduction systems, such as for instance of the Toshiba QIR,
13381 X of Philips, or Infra-Red of General Electric.
If the data quoted in the preceding table are compared with those
of the devices known prior to the present invention, the efficiency
of the methods and devices of the present invention are readily
seen. A drying device of the XD-304 type of the applicant has for
instance the following characteristics:
speed 0.8 - 1.1 cm/sec. length of the drying chamber 36 cm.
resistor power 3 KW fan delivery capacity 980 m.sup.3 /h fan power
175 W
A drying device according to the present invention, in a preferred
embodiment thereof, and referring to a few alternatives of the very
drying area, will be illustrated in the accompanying drawing,
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross-section view of a table dryer according to the
present invention in its preferred embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-section view of the drying
area of the dryer in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic cross-section view of a second
embodiment of the drying area.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic cross-section view of a third
embodiment of the drying area.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic cross-section view of a fourth
embodiment of the drying area; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic cross-section view of a fifth
embodiment of the drying area.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the device comprises: fans A and A.sub.1,
ventilation chambers B and B.sub.1, air sources D and D.sub.1,
pairs of feeding rolls C and C.sub.1, infra-red ray lamps E and
E.sub.1, a table G, a set of squeezing rolls H, a driving variable
speed motor F, all of which held within a casing L. The drying
chamber being indicated and defined by the ventilation chambers
themselves B and B.sub.1. The film collecting table is shown in
M.
In FIG. 2, the drying area is shown in a more detailed manner,
though in schematic form.
Lamps E, E.sub.1 are located between the pairs of feeding rolls C,
C.sub.1, and each lamp E, E.sub.1 is associated with a
substantially U-shaped cross-section reflector R, R.sub.1.
Preferably reflectors R, R.sub.1 may take a configuration having a
semi-elliptical cross-section.
The feeding rolls which are located between pairs of lamps, are
"shielded" by baffles DF, DF.sub.1 in order to avoid any possible
overheating of the corresponding feeding rolls, which would
harmfully affect the drying operation.
The characteristics of the FIGS. 1 and 2 dryer are as follows:
Speed 1 - 2 cm/sec. Lamp Power 1.2 KW Lamp Number 6 Drying Chamber
Length 13 cm. Total Fan Capacity 600 m.sup.3 /h Total Fan Power 160
W
By making an X-ray film, impregnated with water, such as for
instance that of the R type of the applicant, pass through the said
dryer at a speed of 2 cm/sec., the film is perfectly dried without
having undergone any remarkable temperature increase in comparison
with the entrance temperature.
Referring to FIG. 4 the outlets of fans A, A.sub.1 are fed by
conducts, not shown, to pressure chambers G, G.sub.1, from where by
means of openings L, L.sub.1 which straddle reflectors R, R.sub.1,
air is thrown against the film passing through rolls C,
C.sub.1.
In this way cooling of reflectors and effective shielding of the
rolls C, C.sub.1 from lamp E, E.sub.1 thermal radiation are
obtained.
Referring to FIG. 4, with the same references as previously used,
outlets of fans A, A.sub.1 are fed through conducts not shown, to
delivering pipes M, M.sub.1 coupled, on the side facing the film
passage plane, to slit ejectors or nozzles N, N.sub.1. It is to be
said that in this embodiment air is blown between the walls of
reflectors R, R.sub.1 and the walls of rolls C, C.sub.1.
In this case too, besides the action on the film to be dried, there
is an effective cooling action on reflectors R, R.sub.1 and rolls,
C, C.sub.1 as well.
In FIG. 5, with the same references as above, the air coming from
fans A, A.sub.1 is fed through conducts to chambers Q, Q.sub.1 from
where it is directed against both the rolls C, C.sub.1 and the
film. This arrangement is the most effective for a good cooling of
rolls C, C.sub.1.
In FIG. 6, an alternative to the structure of FIG. 5 is shown,
wherein within chambers Q, Q.sub.1 U-shaped baffles are included
indicated in T, T.sub.1 in order to shield the walls of rolls C,
C.sub.1 and prevent the possible deposition of air-borne particles
on the surfaces thereof.
A drying device according to the present invention can be usefully
incorporated in an automatic processor for films suitable for
radiography. In such device, after having undergone the various
processing steps (development, fixing and washing), the film is
directly introduced into the drying chamber (realized with a screen
like that of FIG. 1) and dried. The characteristics of such a
device depend upon the characteristics of the automatic processor
in which it is incorporated and above all upon the processing
speed. For a speed of 1.6 cm/sec. (corresponding to a processing
cycle of 90", as known to those skilled in the art), the other
characteristics are preferably the following:
length of the drying chamber 10 - 14 cm. power of the infra-red
lamps 1500 W number of the lamps 4 delivery capacity of the fans
400-600 m.sup.3 /h power of the fans (each) 60-80 W
* * * * *