U.S. patent number 3,899,891 [Application Number 05/435,446] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-19 for post-tensioned prestressed pile assembly.
Invention is credited to Robert B. Anderson, William F. Kelly.
United States Patent |
3,899,891 |
Kelly , et al. |
August 19, 1975 |
Post-tensioned prestressed pile assembly
Abstract
A post-tensioned prestressed pile assembly which includes a
plurality of vertically arranged, tubular driving shell sections
joined in end-to-end relationship. A combination pile driving point
and anchoring plug is connected to the lowermost shell section. A
tendon anchored to the combination driving point and plug extends
through the longitudinal axis of the shell sections and is held in
axial alignment by members located at intervals through the pile
assembly. The tendon passes through a live end anchor in a driving
head to permit jacking thereof for tensioning the tendon and
placing the pile assembly in compression.
Inventors: |
Kelly; William F. (New Orleans,
LA), Anderson; Robert B. (New Orleans, LA) |
Family
ID: |
23728437 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/435,446 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/251;
405/253 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D
5/58 (20130101); E02D 5/523 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02D
5/58 (20060101); E02D 5/52 (20060101); E02D
5/22 (20060101); E02D 005/30 (); E02D 005/58 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/53,53.5,53.62,56
;52/227,677 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,945 |
|
Feb 1956 |
|
AU |
|
74,077 |
|
Sep 1953 |
|
NL |
|
931,723 |
|
Mar 1948 |
|
FR |
|
40,938 |
|
Jan 1937 |
|
NL |
|
Primary Examiner: Wolfe; Robert L.
Assistant Examiner: Grosz; Alex
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Shlesinger, Arkwright, Garvey &
Dinsmore
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A post-tensioned prestressed pile assembly comprising:
a. a plurality of like, tubular shell sections arranged in vertical
end-to-end relationship,
b. each of said shell sections comprising a wall of uniform
thickness and a bore of uniform cross-sectional area,
c. the diameter of the bore of each of said tubular shell sections
being substantially greater than the wall thickness,
d. a combination pile driving point and anchoring plug,
e. said pile driving point and anchoring plug including a main body
section, the upper portion of which is reduced for insertion into
an end of the lowermost shell section and the lower extremity being
pointed for facility and driving the pile unit into the ground,
f. an anchor positioned in said main body section,
g. a head including a main body section, the lower portion of which
is reduced for insertion into an end of the topmost shell
section,
h. a live end anchor set in the main body section of said head,
i. tendon means extending longitudinally and centrally of the bores
of said shell sections,
j. one end of said tendon means being connected to said anchor
positioned in the main body section of said pile driving point and
anchoring plug,
k. the opposite end of said tendon means extending through said
live end anchor of said head, whereby said tendon means may be
jacked for placing said tendon means under tension and said pile
sections under compression, and
l. spaced alignment members disposed within the bore of the shell
sections and spanning the joints between adjacent shell
sections,
m. each of said spaced alignment members including an outer portion
in frictional engagement with the walls of said shell section,
n. each of said spaced alignment members further including an inner
portion having bore means through which said tendon means
extend,
o. each of said spaced alignment members further including means
connecting said outer and inner portions.
2. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. the diameter of the bore of each of said pile sections is at
least twice as large as the wall thickness of the pile
sections.
3. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. said tendon means includes a single tendon extending along the
longitudinal axis of the assembly between said combination pile
driving point and anchoring plug means and the live end anchoring
means of said head,
b. the bore means of the inner portion of said spaced alignment
means lying along the longitudinal axis of the assembly.
4. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. said tendon means comprise at least two tendons extending
longitudinally through the bores of said shell sections between
said combination pile driving point and anchoring plug and said
head, and
b. said bore means of the inner portion of each of said spaced
alignment members comprise at least two bores.
5. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. each of said spaced alignment members are of one-piece
construction.
6. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. said spaced alignment members comprise two sections, and
b. means for securing said sections together.
7. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. said spaced alignment members are of solid construction.
8. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. said spaced alignment members are of open construction to permit
passage of granular or cementitious material therethrough.
9. The pile assembly of claim 8, wherein:
a. each of said spaced alignment members comprise an inner circular
member,
b. said inner circular member having at least one bore through
which said tendon means passes,
c. an outer circular member in spaced, concentric relationship to
said inner circular member,
d. the outer periphery of said outer circular member being in
frictional engagement with the inner periphery of said shell
sections, and
e. spaced connectors joining said inner and outer circular
members.
10. The pile assembly of claim 9, wherein:
a. the bore of each of said spaced alignment members is coincident
with the longitudinal axis of said pile assembly.
11. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. the wall edges of each of said pile sections are uniplanar,
and
b. sealing means are interposed between opposing wall edges of
adjacent wall sections.
12. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. one terminal of each pile section is formed to provide an inner
annular recess and an outer annular flange of like size, and
b. the opposite terminal of each pile section is formed to provide
an inner annular flange and an outer annular recess, whereby pile
sections can be interfitted together, and
c. sealing means interposed between the edges of adjacent pile
sections.
13. The pile assembly of claim 1, wherein:
a. said pile sections are of different diameter, and
b. joint means connecting said different diameter pile sections
together.
14. The pile assembly of claim 13, wherein:
a. said joint means is a step taper member and comprises a main
body portion,
b. the upper part of said main body portion being reduced to
provide an upper portion adapted to fit within the end of one shell
section,
c. the lower part of said main body portion being reduced to
provide a lower portion adapted to fit within the end of the other
shell section.
Description
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTS
For many years, piles made of reinforced concrete have been precast
and driven into the ground by use of conventional pile driving
equipment. These piles are of solid construction, and are
accordingly relatively heavy in proportion to their strength. U.S.
Pat. No. 2,645,090 granted to William P. Kinneman et al. on July
14, 1953 discloses an improvement on the conventional arrangement
wherein a one-piece or sectional concrete pile is employed, which
pile is provided with a relatively small central bore extending
longitudinally through the pile. A prestressing cable passes
through the bore and is tensioned to place the pile in compression.
Although the Kinneman pile is not of solid construction, the walls
of the pile are, nevertheless, relatively thick in proportion to
the size of the bore, thereby rendering the pile very heavy and
difficult to handle, particularly where a sectional pile is to be
constructed.
It is an object of this invention to provide a pile assembly
comprised of a plurality of tubular shell sections of relatively
short lengths, which may be assembled together in the field, the
sections having a large bore extending through the pile, and
provided with a tendon passing axially therethrough and anchored at
both ends of the pile assembly, the tendon being adapted to be
jacked through the pile to place the tendon under tension and the
pile in compression.
Another object is to provide a pile assembly of the character
described wherein the diameter of the bore of each pile section is
substantially greater than the wall thickness thereof, thereby
providing a pile which is relatively light in proportion to its
strength and is readily assembled in the field to the desired
length by unskilled labor.
A further object is to provide a pile assembly of the character
described including members positioned within the bores of the pile
sections at intervals for maintaining the tendon in axial
relationship to the pile assembly.
Other objects are to provide a pile assembly which is of shell-like
construction which may be filled with concrete or other material
after driving, if desired; to provide a pile assembly wherein shell
sections of different diameter may be connected together by a step
taper joint, and to provide a pile assembly which may employ one or
more tendons extending therethrough as dictated by the prestress
requirements of the installation.
Other objects will be manifest from the following description of
the present invention taken in connection with the attached
drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, longitudinal, sectional view of a pile
assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention,
portions thereof being shown in elevation;
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view taken from 2--2 of FIG. 1,
looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary, longitudinal, sectional view of
the pile assembly of the present invention, showing to advantage
details of construction;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, sectional view of a step taper joint
constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, longitudinal, sectional view of a modified
form of the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, longitudinal, sectional view of another
modified form of the present invention, illustrating the use of
multiple tendons.
DESCTIPTION OF THE FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIGS. 1 TO
4
In FIG. 1, there is illustrated a pile assembly constructed in
accordance with the present invention which comprises a plurality
of like, hollow shell sections 16 of uniform diameter throughout
which are joined in end-to-end relationship. Shell sections 16 may
be of precast concrete, steel, plastic or any other suitable
material. Each section 16 includes a wall 20 of uniform thickness
and a longitudinal bore 22, the diameter of the bore being at least
several times larger than the wall thickness of the pile section.
This provides a pile assembly which is relatively light in
proportion to the strength thereof. In accordance with the present
invention, the sections are preferably of five to ten feet in
length and the thickness of the section walls one-half inch to
eight inches. Although larger diameter sections may be employed,
with pile driving equipment presently available, shell sections of
four inches to fifty-four inches in diameter are preferable.
In this form of the invention, gaskets 23 made of neoprene or other
appropriate material are interposed in the joints between adjacent
section walls, for effecting a tight seal therebetween.
As shown to advantage in FIGS. 1 and 4, the lowermost sections 16
of the present pile assembly is in interfitting engagement with a
combination pile driving point and anchoring plug 24 which includes
a main body section 26, the upper portion of which is reduced at 28
for insertion into an end of lowermost shell section 16. The lower
extremity of main body section 26 is pointed as indicated at 29 for
facility in driving the pile into the ground. The combination point
and plug may be made of concrete, steel, plastic or other
construction. Reinforcing means comprising steel mesh or the like
is indicated at 30.
A conventional concrete anchor 32 is positioned in main body
section 26. Anchor 32 may be constructed in accordance with U.S.
Pat. No. 3,703,748 and includes a tapered casing 34, the outer
periphery of which is provided with reaction flanges 36. Tapered
wedge segments 38 are positioned within tapered casing 34 and
grippingly engage the tendon 40 extending between the segments.
Tendon 40 may be of any desired size and may be of single wire or
multi wire construction.
Tendon 40 extends upwardly and axially through the pile assembly as
indicated in FIGS. 1 and 4, the tendon passing through combination
tendon centering and sectional aligning members 42 which span the
joints between adjacent shell sections. Tendon centering and
sectional aligning members 42 may be of concrete, metal, plastic,
wood or other suitable construction. As shown to advantage in FIG.
3, members 42 are preferably of open, wheel-like design, to permit
passage of concrete or other material from one section to another,
if desired. Each section includes an inner circular portion 44 and
a concentric, larger outer circular portion 46, portions 44 and 46
being joined by a plurality of spaced webs or connectors 48
radiating from inner circular portion 44. The inner diameter of
circular portion 44 is slightly larger than the diameter of tendon
40, thereby providing a bore or passage 50 through which the tendon
passes. The outer diameter of each member 42 is substantially equal
to the inner diameter of shell sections 16 in order to effect a
friction fit between members 42 and the shell sections. By placing
members 42 so that they span the joints between adjacent shell
sections, the sections are maintained in axial alignment. Of
course, if desired, members 42 may be solid and provided with a
central bore to accommodate the tendon.
The upper end of the pile assembly of the present invention is
provided with a head or driving block 52 which includes an upper
main body portion 54, the diameter of which is such that a portion
thereof overlies the upper edge of topmost shell section 16. Main
body portion 54 issues into a lower section 56 of reduced
cross-sectional area for fitting within topmost shell section 16,
the diameter of said lower section being substantially equal to the
internal diameter of the shell section. Head or driving block 52
may be made of concrete, steel or other suitable material.
Reinforcing means are indicated at 58.
In accordance with the present invention, a live end anchor 60 is
set in the central portion of head or driving block 52. Anchor 60
may be of any suitable construction such as set out in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,703,748 and includes a tapered casing 62 within which are
positioned tapered jaw segments 64, between which tendon 40 passes.
Reaction flanges are indicated at 66.
By virtue of the reduction of the cross-sectional area of head or
driving block 52, there is provided a shoulder 60 which overlies
the upper edge of topmost shell section 16 and is separated
therefrom by means of a gasket 62 which is preferably similar in
construction to gasket 23.
OPERATION
In use of the pile assembly of the form of invention illustrated in
FIGS. 1 to 4, the pile sections may be assembled in the field in
tendon centering and section aligning members 42 inserted at the
joints between the sections, preparatory to training the tendon
from anchor 32 through each successive tendon centering and section
aligning member. After the tendon is passed through live end anchor
60, any desired tension may be applied to the tendon to place the
pile sections in compression, following which the pile is driven
into the ground by convention pile driving means.
The prestress forces exerted by tendon 40 extend through the pile
casing while the pile is being driven and during the life of the
pile after it has been placed. If desired, concrete, sand or other
materials may be placed in the pile sections as required, and the
construction of tendon centering and section aligning members 42 is
such that the concrete or other material may flow therethrough into
the lowermost pile section.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIG. 5
In FIG. 5, there is illustrated a modified form of the present
invention relating to the use of a step taper joint 68 for
connecting shell sections 70 and 72 which are of different
diameter. Shell section 70 includes a circular wall 74 and a bore
76. Shell section 72 includes a circular wall 78 having a bore 80.
Just as in the form of invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, the
diameter of bores 76 and 80 is several times greater than the
thickness of walls 74 and 78.
Step taper joint 68 includes a main or central body section 82, the
upper limit of which is reduced in cross-sectional area to provide
an upper body portion 84, the diameter of which is substantially
equal to the internal diameter of shell section 70. This permits
interfitting engagement of upper body portion 84 within bore 76 of
shell section 70. By reducing the diameter of main body portion 82,
an annular shoulder 86 is thereby formed which serves as a stop to
limit the longitudinal movement of shell section 70 over step taper
joint 68. A sealing gasket 88 of neoprene or other suitable
material is interposed between the lower edge of shell section wall
74 and shoulder 86. The width of shoulder 86 is substantially the
same as the thickness of wall 74 so that the outer periphery of
main body section 82 is substantially flush with that of shell
section 74.
The lower part of main body portion 82 is reduced in
cross-sectional area to a greater extent than upper body portion 84
to provide a lower body portion 90, the diameter of which is
substantially equal to the internal diameter of bore 80 of shell
section 72, in order to permit interfitting frictional engagement
of the lower body portion with a terminal of shell section 72. An
annular shoulder 92 formed by main body section 82 and lower body
portion 90 serves as a stop to limit longitudinal movement of shell
section 72 over body portion 90. A sealing gasket is interposed
between the terminal of shell section 72 and shoulder 92.
Step taper joint 68 is further provided with a longitudinal axial
bore 96 through which a tendon 98 is adapted to pass, the bore
maintaining axial alignment of the tendon through the step taper
joint. Proximate the outer periphery of step taper joint 68, main
body section 82 is provided with reinforcing means 100 which may be
in the form of steel mesh or other suitable conventional
reinforcing materials. The length of main body portion 82 of step
taper joint 68 may be varied according to the needs of the
particular installation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIG. 6
In FIG. 6 there is illustrated a modified form of the invention
illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, wherein the pile assembly is formed of
a plurality of like shell sections 102 having wall portions 104 and
bores 106 through which a tendon 108 passes. In this form of the
invention, instead of providing a flush joint between adjacent
shell sections, there is provided a stepped arrangement for
insuring exact alignment of the sections when joined together to
form a pile assembly. For this purpose, one end of each wall
section is formed to provide an inner annular recess 110 and an
outer annular flange 112, the width of each of which is one-half
the thickness of wall 104. In like manner, the opposite end of each
pile section includes an inner annular flange 114 and an outer
annular recess 116, the width of both of which is equal to one-half
the thickness of wall 104. This permits ready inter-engagement of
adjacent pile sections as shown to advantage in FIG. 6. A suitable
gasket between the pile sections is indicated at 118.
In FIG. 6 there is also illustrated a modified form of a tendon
centering and sectional aligning member which is designated 120.
Member 120 is preferably of solid wooden construction and includes
an upper part 122 and a like, lower part 124, which are provided
with axial bores 126 and 128, respectively, for the passage of
tendon 108 therethrough. Parts 122 and 124 are located at the
terminal edge portions of adjacent sections 102 and are secured
together by nails or other suitable fastening means 130, so that
the member entity spans the joint between the adjacent sections.
Member 120 is in frictional engagement with the interior wall of
sections 102.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIG. 7
In FIG. 7, there is illustrated another modified form of the pile
assembly of the present invention. In this form, the assembly
comprises a plurality of pile sections 132 having a combination
pile driving point and anchoring plug 134 and a head or driving
block 136, all of which parts are similar in construction to that
set out in connection with the form of invention illustrated in
FIGS. 1 to 4.
In accordance with the modified form of the invention, there are
provided a plurality of tendons 138 and 140 which extend through
the pile assembly. Tendons 138 and 140 are secured at their lower
end to anchors 142 and 144 which are positioned in combination pile
driving point and anchoring plug 134. The upper ends of tendons 138
and 140 are secured to live end anchors 146 and 148 respectively,
which are held by head or driving block 136. Anchors 142 and 144
are similar in construction to anchor 32 and live end anchors 146
and 148 are similar to anchor 60.
Tendon centering and section aligning members are indicated 150 and
these may also be similar in construction to the equivalent members
42 in the form of invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4. In this
form, however, there is provided a pair of bores 152 and 154
through which tendons 138 and 140 are trained in order to insure
proper alignment thereof throughout the length of the pile
assembly. Additional tendons may be added to the pile assembly as
required by the particular installation.
The pile assembly of the present invention is of relatively
light-weight construction in comparison with its strength, and the
sectional arrangement thereof faciliates assembly of the pile in
the field by unskilled labor.
The present invention further lends itself to versatility in the
use of pile sections and tendons in a wide range of sizes in order
to meet the requirements of any given installation, and even to
permit the use of pile sections of different sizes in the same
installation. With the present invention, also, the tendon employed
for tensioning the pile assembly is constantly maintained in axial
alignment with the pile assembly in order to insure proper
compressive forces being exerted on the pile sections at all
times.
While there has been herein described and claimed the presently
preferred forms of this invention, it is understood that such has
been done for purposes of illustration only, and that various
changes may be made therein within the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *