U.S. patent number 3,899,206 [Application Number 05/414,719] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-12 for endless rope sling.
Invention is credited to Kitie Miura.
United States Patent |
3,899,206 |
Miura |
August 12, 1975 |
Endless rope sling
Abstract
Herein disclosed is a multi-layered endless rope sling made of
continuous nylon filament yarns. The endless rope sling comprises a
core including a plurality of substantially concentric layers,
which are consecutively braided from the nylon filament yarns in a
manner to cover one with another, and a sheath including at least
one substantially concentric layer which is consecutively braided
from the filament yarns in a manner to cover the outermost layer of
said core. A method of braiding the filament yarns into the endless
rope sling is also disclosed, which comprises the steps of braiding
the filament yarns into a rope of a predetermined length, bringing
the leading end of said rope into contact with the trailing end,
which is being braided, so as to form an endless rope, and
continuing the braiding operation so as to consecutively cover one
layer, which has been braided, with another which is being braided,
thereby forming the multi-layered endless rope sling. In order to
put the method into practice, the apparatus disclosed includes a
plate structure, which is formed with an opening for continuously
allowing a running endless rope under the braiding operation to
pass therethrough, and to which a structural member is removably
attached for allowing the manufactured endless rope sling to be
taken out from the opening, and a plurality of guide rollers for
guiding the running endless rope under a predetermined tension.
Inventors: |
Miura; Kitie (Gamagoori,
JA) |
Family
ID: |
27470183 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/414,719 |
Filed: |
November 12, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Nov 14, 1972 [JA] |
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47-114524 |
Nov 14, 1972 [JA] |
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47-114525 |
Nov 14, 1972 [JA] |
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47-114526 |
Nov 14, 1972 [JA] |
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47-114527 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
294/74 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D04C
1/12 (20130101); D07B 1/18 (20130101); D04C
3/48 (20130101); D04C 3/08 (20130101); D04C
3/36 (20130101); D07B 1/145 (20130101); D07B
7/165 (20130101); B66C 1/18 (20130101); D07B
2201/2088 (20130101); D07B 2201/2087 (20130101); D07B
2201/209 (20130101); D07B 2201/1096 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D04C
1/00 (20060101); D07B 1/18 (20060101); D07B
5/00 (20060101); D07B 1/02 (20060101); D04C
1/12 (20060101); D07B 1/00 (20060101); B66C
1/18 (20060101); B66C 1/12 (20060101); B66C
001/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;294/74,73 ;24/735A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Marbert; James B.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bucknam and Archer
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An endless rope sling comprising:
a core including a plurality of substantially concentric layers
which are consecutively braided from continuous filament yarns in a
manner to cover one with another; and
a sheath including at least one substantially concentric layer
which is consecutively braided from said continuous filament yarns
in a manner to cover the outermost layer of said core.
2. An endless rope sling according to claim 1, wherein said at
least one layer has its trailing end fixed in position to the
outermost layer of said core.
3. An endless rope sling according to claim 1, wherein the braiding
angle of the layers of said core with respect to the axis of the
endless rope sling is so determined at a small value as to prevent
material reduction in the tensile strength of the endless rope
sling as a whole.
4. An endless rope sling according to claim 1, wherein the braiding
angle of said at least one layer of said sheath is so determined at
a considerable value as to prevent sliding of said filament yarns
and deformation of the endless rope sling as a whole.
5. An endless rope sling according to claim 1, wherein said
continuous filament yarns are made of a thermoplastic synthetic
resin.
6. An endless rope sling according to claim 5, wherein said
thermoplastic synthetic resin is selected from the group consisting
of nylon, polyester synthetic resin and polyvinyl alcohol
resin.
7. A composite endless rope sling comprising:
a plurality of tightly bundled endless ropes each comprising a core
including a plurality of substantially concentric layers, which are
consecutively braied from continuous filament yarns in a manner to
cover one with another, and a sheath including at least one
substantially concentric layer which is consecutively braided from
said continuous filament yarns in a manner to cover the outermost
layer of said core; and
a sheath including at least one layer which is braided from
continuous filament yarns in a manner to cover said tightly bundled
endless ropes and which has its trailing end fixed in position to
its outer surface.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rope sling, and more
particularly to a multi-layered endless rope sling which has its
layers successively braided from continuous filament yarns. The
present invention further relates to a method of and an apparatus
for successively braiding continuous filament yarns into the
multilayered endless rope.
2. Description of the Prior Art
When it is intended to hoist or lower heavy weights with use of a
crane or hoist, it is a current practice to employ a steel wire
rope. With the recent increase in the weight and volume of the
article or object to be hung, the diameter and length of the wire
rope has accordingly increased to invite not only considerable
reduction in the fastening efficiency of the wire rope around the
article but also augmentation of the operator's fatigue. With such
increase, moreover, it is sometimes requested to hang an article
weighing more than 100 tons. It is, however, above the present
level of technology to manufacture a wire rope which can meet
sufficiently the particular requirement. Because the present
technology can hardly form an eye piece for a steel wire rope
having a diameter exceeding about 50 mm or 60 mm. Even with the
larger diameter of about 60 mm, however, the wire rope can hang at
the heaviest about 100 tons when the handing angle is 0.degree.
with four hanging points and with a safety factor of seven. On the
other hand, the latest crane can hoist an article weighing about
600 tons, and as such being the case a demand for hanging an
article of more than 100 tons does exist actually, which demand
cannot be satisfied in the least in respect of the hanging wire
rope.
Recently, a nylon belt sling has been developed as a promissing
rival of the steel wire rope. This nylon belt sling is made of
nylon filament yarns having a highly breaking or tensile strength,
and can be appreciated in its easy handling without resorting to
formation of the eye splice, which is concomitant with the steel
wire rope. The nylon belt sling can also be appreciated in its
excellent properties including excellencies in resistance to wear,
flexibility, stability and shock absorbability. One of the
strongest nylon belt sling available has dimensions of 200 mm width
and 12 mm thickness and a breaking strength of 80 tons. Thus, the
nylon belt sling of the strongest type can hoist an article of
about 40 tons, if the article is hung at four points and if a
safety factor of eight is assumed. When, therefore, it is intended
to hoist an article of about 100 tons, then the width of the belt
sling has to be about 500 mm or the thickness of the same has to be
about 30 mm. The belt sling of such enlarged cross-section is not
available, because the present industrial sewing machine can barely
manufacture a belt of about 300 mm width or of about 20 mm
thickness.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to
provide a rope sling which can hang a highly heavy article.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a
multi-layered endless rope sling which has its layers successively
braided from continuous filament yarns.
Still another object is to provide a multi-layered endless rope
sling of the above type, in which the inside layers forming a core
are braided from continuous nylon filament yarns at a small
braiding angle.
A further object is to provide a composite endless rope sling which
includes a plurality of tightly bundled endless ropes of the above
type and a sheath braided from the filament yarns to tightly cover
the bundled endless ropes.
A further object is to provide a method of consecutively braiding
the filament yarns into the multi-layered endless rope of the above
type.
A further object is to provide an apparatus for consecutively
braiding the filament yarns into the multilayered endless rope of
the above type.
According a major aspect of the present invention, an endless rope
sling is provided, which comprises a core including a plurality of
substantially concentric layers consecutively braided from
continuous filament yarns in a manner to cover one with another,
and a sheath including at least one substantially concentric layer
consecutively braided from the continuous filament yarns in a
manner to cover the outermost layer of the core.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a multi-layered endless rope
sling according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cut-away view showing a portion of the multi-layered
endless rope sling of FIG. 1 with its layeres being stepwise cut
away;
FIG. 3 is a partial section taken along the axis of the
multi-layered endless rope sling of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are similar to FIG. 1 but show modifications of the
multi-layered endless rope sling of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 1 but shows a composite endless rope
sling including a plurality of the multi-layered endless ropes of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 7(A) is a cross-sectional view showing the composite endless
rope sling of FIG. 6;
FIGS. 7(B) to 7(D) are similar to FIG. 7(A) but show the
modifications of the composite endless rope sling of FIGS. 6 and
7(A);
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatical view showing the overall construction of
an apparatus suitable for manufacturing the multi-layered endless
rope sling of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a partially cut-away top plan view showing a main body of
the apparatus of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing such a portion of the main
body of FIG. 9 as is removable according to the present invention
to allow the endless rope sling of FIG. 1 from an opening; and
FIG. 11 a simplified but enlarged view showing the removable
portion of FIG. 10.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made to FIGS. 1 to 3, in which an endless
rope sling according to the present invention is shown. Generally
indicated at reference numeral 10 is one embodiment of the endless
rope sling, which has its sheath terminating at such a portion as
indicated at reference letter e. This termination e is fixed in
position to a multi-layered core by a suitable heat treatment.
The endless rope sling 10 may be made of ten or more layers
including the sheath, but, in the present embodiment, it is
composed of a core having four layers 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d, and of
the outermost layer or sheath 10e, for illustrative purposes only,
as seen from FIGS. 2 and 3. These core-constituent layers 10a to
10d and the sheath 10e are manufactured by braiding a desired
number of continuous filament yarns, which are made of a
thermoplastic resin such as nylon. This braiding operation is
carried out such that the layers 10e, 10d, 10c and 10b cover,
respectively, the layers 10d, 10c, 10b and 10a. As shown in FIG. 2,
the braiding angle of angles of inclination of the filament yarns,
which constitute themselves into the inner layers 10a to 10d of the
core, with respect to the axis of the rope sling 10 is much smaller
than that of the filament yarns of the sheath 10e. More
specifically, the former angle or angles is desirably preset about
5.degree. to 20.degree., whereas the latter about 45.degree. to
60.degree..
As to these angles of inclination, it is well known in the art that
the breaking strength of a rope sling depends remarkably upon the
twisting pitch of the constituent filament yarns. For example, let
is be assumed that the breaking strength of steel wires assumes 100
when they are just bundled, and then the strength will be reduced
to 80 to 90 when they are twisted and braided into a single steel
wire rope. For a rope made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin
filaments, on the other hand, the reduced strength is about 50.
Taking such material reduction in the breaking strength due to the
fact that the filament yarns are subjected to twisting, it is
desirable that they should be inclined with respect to the axis of
the rope sling as slightly as possible.
In the present invention, therefore, the filament yarns of the
core-constituent layers 10a to 10d are arranged almost in parallel
with the sling axis, because the breaking strength of the rope
sling 10 is wholly given by the core. The braiding angle of the
sheath 10e is, however, at a normal value of about 45.degree. to
60.degree. so that the undesirable sliding of the filament yarns
and accordingly the resultant deformation of the rope sling 10,
both of which are otherwise experienced frequently, can be
prevented. With such large braiding angle, therefore, the sheath
10e cannot give rise to the tensile strength of the rope sling 10
as a whole, but can tightly retain the inner core layers 10a to 10d
and is contributable to stability in shape of the rope sling 10.
Although this sheath 10e may have one layer in the case where the
total number of layers of the rope sling 10 is less than five as in
the present embodiment, it is preferable that the sheath 10e has
two layers in the case where the total number of layers exceeds
five.
Indicated at reference letter s in FIG. 3 is an initial portion of
the innermost layer 10a of the core, at which portion s the
braiding of the present endless rope sling 10 is initiated. In more
detail, the filament yarns are braided at a slight angle with each
other to form the innermost layer 10a. After the braiding action
has proceeded to a predetermined extent, the initial portion s is
suitably inserted into and fixed to the braided portion of the
innermost layer 10a to afford the same a predetermined length to
the finally obtainable rope sling 10. The braiding action is then
further continued with use of the continuous filament yarns so that
the layer 10a may be covered with the second layer 10b. This second
layer 10b is then covered with the third layer 10c, and on and on.
The fourth layer 10d is finally covered with the outermost layer or
sheath 10e which is braided at a relatively large angle from the
continuous filament yarns. Although, in this instance, the sheath
10e has its termination e axially at the same position as the
initial portion s so as to give a uniform tensile strength to the
obtainable rope sling 10, it should be understood that the location
of the termination e can be varied. Since, in either event, the
present rope sling 10 is different from the conventional belt
sling, in which two or more sheets of cloth of a thermoplastic
synthetic resin filaments are placed one upon another to have their
ends sewed to each other, the rope sling 10 can have a
substantially uniform tensile strength.
In order to augment the tensile strength and to attain an increased
frictional effect, which is important to secure hanging of a load
by means of the rope sling 10, it is preferable that the rope sling
10 is subjected by the dipping method to a coating process of a
synthetic resin or rubber, after the braiding action has been
finished.
The endless rope sling 10 thus manufactured can be used as a sling
as it is, but may be modified for strengthening purposes in a
manner as shown in FIGS. 4 or 5. In a modification of FIG. 5, the
rope sling 10" is made to have its central portions arranged in
contact with each other such that the end portions are left in the
form of eyes or hanging loops 11. The central portions are tightly
covered with a thick woven fabric 12 which is adhered to each other
at its edges 12a, thus forming an annular sheath 12. In another
modification of FIG. 4, moreover, the rope sling 10' has its
central portions tightly wound with a rope 13, which may be made of
a similar material, before they are covered with the annular sheath
12.
In the following, the tensile strength of the present endless rope
sling will be tabulated in respect of the results which are
obtained with use of the Amsler tensile testing machine or by the
actual test using a crane.
TABLE
__________________________________________________________________________
Endless Rope Constituent Calculated Breaking 1/8/Safety Two Point
Four Point Diameter m/Weight Filament Yarns Strength Strength
Hanging Hanging Hanging (mm) (Kg)
__________________________________________________________________________
1260D .times. 10 .times. (10.08 Kg) 3 .times. 2 .times. 8 = (480
Yarns) 4.83 (tons) 6 Core Layers + 2 Sheath 58.0(tons) 43.5(tons)
5.4(tons) about 10 about 20 30 0.73 Layers (tons) (tons) 2880 Yarns
/ 29.0(tons) 1260D .times. 10 .times. 5 .times. 2 .times. 8 =
8.04(tons) 7 C.L. .times. 1 S.L. 116.2(tons) 87.15(tons)
10.89(tons) about 20 about 40 38 1.3 (tons) (tons) 2520D .times. 10
.times. 5 .times. 2 .times. 8 = 16.128(tons) 5 C.L. + 1 S.L.
161.28(tons) 120.96(tons) 15.12(tons) about 30 about 60 45 1.8
(tons) (tons) 1260D .times. 10 .times. 3 .times. 2 .times. 8 =
4.83(tons) 23 C.L. + 2 S.L. 222.6(tons) 166.95(tons) 20.8(tons)
about 40 about 80 58 2.2 (tons) (tons) 2520D .times. 10 .times. 5
.times. 2 .times. 8 = 16.128(tons) 9 C.L. + 2 S.L. 290.3(tons)
217.7(tons) 27.2(tons) about 50 about 100 62 2.6 (tons) (tons)
2520D .times. 10 .times. 5 .times. 2 .times. 8 = 16.128(tons) about
80 about 160 14 C.L. + 2 S.L. 451.4(tons) 338.5(tons) 42.3(tons)
(tons) (tons) 70 4.5 2520D .times. 10 .times. 5 .times. 2 .times. 8
= 16.128(tons) 580.6(tons) 435.4(tons) 54.4(tons) about 100 about
200 80 6.0 (tons) (tons)
__________________________________________________________________________
Note: 1. The breaking strength is at 75% efficiency. 2. The
strength calculation is based on the relation D/8 g, that is, the
yarn has a strength of 8 g per D (denier). 3. The strength of the
sheath layer or layers is not introduced into the calculation. 4.
The Equation "1260D .times. 10 .times. 3 .times. 2 .times. 8 =
4.83(tons) means that ten filament yarns of 1260D are doubled,
three of which are arranged together with for braiding operation
with use of eight pairs of paired bobbines. 5. The two or four
point hanging is carried out at a hanging angle of 0 degrees.
Turning now to FIGS. 6 and 7(A) to 7(D), generally indicated at
reference numeral 20, 20', 20" and 20'" are endless rope slings of
composite type, each of which includes a plurality of bundled rope
slings 10 of the first embodiment and a sheath covering them. As
shown in FIGS. 6 and 7(A), the composite endless rope sling 20 is
composed of three bundled rope slings 10.sub.1, 10.sub.2 and
10.sub.3 and of two sheath-constituent layers 21 and 21'.
These sheath layers 21 and 21' are formed by the later-described
braider according to the present invention, in which the bundled
rope slings 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.3 are tightly covered with braided
filament yarns to form a unitary structure. Since, in this
instance, the sheath layers 21 and 21' will not aid in increase in
the tensile strength of the composite rope sling 20, the braiding
angle may have a normal or relatively large value. Although,
moreover, the inner sheath layer 21' may desirably be dispensed
with, two-layer construction is preferable with a view to ensuring
tightening the rope slings 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.3 as well as
maintaining the desired shape.
Then, the termination E of the outer sheath layer 21 thus braided
is also fixed in position by the heat treatment. Moreover, the
obtained rope sling 20 as a whole is dipped into a bath so that it
is coated with a synthetic resin or rubber.
The filament yarns to be braided into the sheath may be made not
only of nylon but also of such a variety of materials as are used
in the filament yarns of the rope slings 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.3. In
other words, the cutting strength of the sheath can be so preset by
selecting a suitable material that its wear or cut can be a measure
of disposal of the rope sling 20 as a whole.
In a modification, moreover, the sheath layers 21 and 21' may also
be made of wound nylon ropes, that is, the three rope slings
10.sub.1 to 10.sub.3 are gathered to form a bundle, on which a
nylon rope is tightly wound and then is subjected to the coating
treatment.
In a still another modification, the sheath layers 21 and 21' may
further include an annular sheath of thick woven fabric covering
the wound rope.
With close reference to FIG. 7(A), the rope slings 10.sub.1 to
10.sub.3 are shown to be considerably separated from each other,
but actually they are so closely tightened as to have their
boundaries merging into each other. The composite rope sling 20' is
composed of four rope slings 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.4, as shown in FIG.
7(B). The other rope slings 20" and 20'" are, on the other hand,
composed of five and seven rope slings 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.5 and
10.sub.1 and 10.sub.7, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 7(C) and
7(D).
The testing results regarding the breaking strength of the present
rope sling, which were conducted with use of the testing machine
No. T - 687 by the Industrial Association of Cloth Rope of Aichi
Prefecture in Japan, will be presented in the following.
(1)
Sling-Constituent Rope 10
Number of Rope-Constituent Yarns
1260(denier) .times. 10(doubling) .times. 3(doubling) .times.
2(paired bobbins) .times. 8(pairs) .times. 5(core layers) =
2400(yarns)
Calculated Strength of Core
24.2(ton) (where strength per denier is 8 g and strength per yarn
is 10.08 kg)
Calculated Strength of Rope
48.4(ton)
Standard Strength (for Efficiency of 75%)
36.3(ton)
Diameter of Rope
29(mm)
Weight of Rope
0.64(kg)
Length of Rope
9.5(m)
Testing Results
Actual Strength: 39.4(ton) (Efficiency of 81.4%)
Elongation (for 1/3 cut):9.0(%)
(for total cut):14.5(%)
(2)
Rope Sling 20 with Three Ropes 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.3
Calculated Strength of Core
72.6(ton)
Calculated Strength of Rope Sling
145.2(ton)
Diameter of Rope Sling
54(mm)
Weight of Rope Sling
1.81(kg)
Length of Rope Sling
9.4(m)
Testing Results
Actual Strength: 112.5(ton) (Efficiency of 77.5%)
Elongation(for 1/3 cut):10.8(%)
(for total cut):16.0(%)
As is apparent from the above testing results, the actual strength
of the rope having five-layer core is as high as 81.4 percent of
its calculated strength, and the actual strength of the rope sling
20 having three ropes 10.sub.1 to 10.sub.3 is also as high as 77.5
percent of its calculated strength. It can also be appreciated that
the elongation is considerably small for the rope 10 and the rope
sling 20. Taking the progressive reduction in the strength
efficiency with increase in number of the core layers into
consideration, therefore, a rope sling having three or four ropes
which respectively has about five core-layers is more efficient
than a simple rope sling of larger diameter, which is made of much
more core-layers, for a load of the same weight.
The endless rope sling 20 can hang a load of about 56 tons, if the
hanging is carried out at four points and if the safety factor of 8
is adopted. This limit weight of hanging can be increased more if
the filament yarns of about 2560 deniers, if the sling-constituent
ropes are more than three as is shown in FIGS. 7(B) to 7(D), and/or
if the rope itself has more core-layers than four.
Turning now to FIG. 8, the method of manufacturing the endless rope
sling according to the present invention will be described with
reference to FIG. 8, in which a braiding apparatus is generally
indicated at reference numeral 30. A main body 31 of the braiding
apparatus 30 includes a plate structure composed of upper and lower
stationary plates 32 and 33, which are horizontally disposed at a
spacing from each other. This upper plate 32 is formed with a
plurality of openings which are positioned along a periphery of a
circle. A plurality of specially shaped plate members are disposed
in the openings of the upper plate 32 for defining inbetween two
passages which are undulating radially of the circle. In the
undulating passages are movably mounted a plurality of upright
spindles 34, on which a plurality of bobbins 35 are mounted for
feeding continuous filament yarns 36. These filament yarns 36 are
braided at a braiding point 37a into an endless rope 37, as shown.
For this purpose, a spindle transfer mechanism (which will be
detailed later) is interposed between the upper and lower plates 32
and 33 and is engaged with the spindles 34 for successively moving
the latter in the passages. In addition, a power transmission
mechanism is also interposed between the upper and lower plates 32
and 33 and connected with the spindle transfer mechanism for
actuating the latter.
Downstream of the braiding point 37a is a pulling pulley 38 which
is operative to pull the braided rope 37 in synchronism with the
angular speed of the spindles 34. The rope 37 thus pulled is guided
in the form of an endless rope by guide means which is also
disposed downstream of the braiding point 37a. This guide means
includes a plurality of guide pulleys 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46
and 47. More specifically, the pulling pulley 38 has a relatively
large diameter and is rotatably supported by a bracket bearing
which is mounted on a frame. To the end of a shaft of the pulling
pulley 38 is secured a gear which is driven through a chain by a
gear of a reduction gear mechanism 48. This reduction gear
mechanism 48 is driven through an endless belt by a prime mover or
electric motor 49.
With closer reference to FIG. 8, the method of braiding the
continuous filament yarns 36 into a multi-layered endless rope
sling in accordance with the present invention will be described in
the following. First of all, location of the guide pulleys 42 and
43 is accomplished in dependence upon a desired length of the
endless rope 37. These pulleys 42 and 43 are rotatably supported by
a movable stand 51, on the bottom of which rollers 52 are rotatably
mounted. These rollers 53 can run on two parallel rails 53 which
extend toward the main body 31 of the braiding apparatus 30. The
running operation of the stand 51 is carried out by a winch 54,
which is disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rails 53, as
shown at the lefthand side of FIG. 8. The guide pulleys 44 and 45
are, on the other hand, rotatably supported by a stationary stand
55. Thus, the endless rope 37 coming from the pulling pulley 38 is
led through the stationary guide pulley 41 to the guide pulleys 42
and 44, as shown by a solid line 37s. The tension to be applied to
the endless rope 37s can be maintained at a constant level by
moving the movable stand 51 and accordingly the guide pulley 42
toward and away from a frame 57 of the main body 31.
At the next stage, the bobbins 35, on which the filament yarns 36
made of nylon and having a suitable denier selected in accordance
with the desired diameter of the final rope and with the desired
number of the layers are wounded, are attached to the spindles 34.
Then, the leading ends of the filament yarns 36 are extracted from
the respective bobbins 35 and are bundled to be tied to the
trailing end of a flexible guide member or leading wire (not
shown). This wire has the same length as that of the final endless
rope. Then, the leading end of the wire is guided along some of the
pulleys 39, 38, 41, 42 and, 44 and is fed to a suitable take-up
mechanism (not shown). This take-up mechanism may preferably be
disposed in the vicinity of the main body 31. The leading wire may
also be manually taken up at the same speed as the pulling speed of
the pulling pulley 38.
After the above preparatory steps have been completed, the main
body 31 and the pulling pulley 38 are brought into operating
conditions, and the take-up mechanism is concurrently started at
the same speed of the pulling pulley 38. Thus, the filament yarns
36 are braided at the braiding point 37a at a predetermined
braiding angle into the innermost layer of the endless rope 37, by
the cooperation between the radially undulating horizontal
movements of the bobbins 35 and the upward pulling operation of the
pulling pulley 38, the detail of which will be described later. The
rope layer thus braided is led through the guide rollers to the
take-up mechanism.
When, moreover, the trailing end of the leading wire comes close to
the take-up mechanism, the operations of the main body 31 and the
take-up mechanism are discontinued to untie or cut the tied portion
between the leading wire and the ends of the filament yarns. Then,
the leading end 37e of the rope 37 is inserted into the braiding
point 37a through an opening, which is formed in the plate
structure of the main body 31, although not shown. After that, the
braiding operation is started again to cover the innermost layer
with an outer second layer of the braided filament yarns. More
specifically, the braided single layer is successively subjected to
the braiding action at the braiding point 37a, and is pulled by the
pulling pulley 38 through the guide pulley 39. Then, the single
layer is further guided to the guide pulley 47 by way of the guide
pulleys 42, 44 and 46, successively in this order. The final guide
pulley 47 is so disposed in the frame 57 as to guide the rope 37
upwardly to the braiding point 37a through the opening. Thus, a
desired number of layers can be consecutively braided from the
filament yarns 36 in a fashion to cover one with another.
In order to obtain a uniform braiding angle, it is necessary to
increase the pulling speed of the pulling pulley 38 for the outer
layer. As has been described, moreover, the tensile strength of a
braided rope is known to depend inversely proportionately upon the
inclination of the constituent filament yarns with respect to the
axis of the rope. With this in mind, the braiding angle of the core
layers should be as small as possible. Since, in this respect, the
braiding angle is known to be determined mainly by the relation
between the pulling speed of the rope and the running angular speed
of the bobbines, the former speed is increased and the latter speed
is decreased when the core layers are being braided. This control
of speed can be automatically accomplished in the present invention
by resorting to the reduction gear mechanism 48.
After a predetermined layers including at least one sheath layer
have been formed, the operations of the main body 31 and the
pulling pulley 38 are stopped. Then, the ends of the filament yarns
36 are cut at the braiding point 37a, and the winch 54 is actuated
to move the stand 51 toward the main body 31 so as to loose the
rope 37s. Then, a portion of the plate structure of the main body 4
31 is removed to allow the rope 37s to be taken out from the
opening of the main body 31. After that, the rope 37s is also taken
out from the pulleys 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 46 and 47. The cut end of
the outermost sheath layer is fixed in position to the next inner
layer by a suitable heat treatment or the like. The endless rope
thus manufactured is usually coated with a synthetic resin or
rubber so as to improve its fatigue allowance and to increase its
frictional force.
When it is intended to obtain a longer endless rope, on the other
hand, the guide pulleys 41, 42, 45, 43 and 44 are used in this
order in addition to the pulleys 38, 39, 46 and 47, as shown at two
chain lines 37.sub.M. For a longer endless rope 37.sub.L, the stand
51 is moved apart from the main body 31 to a position as shown at
51', and the rope 37.sub.L being braided is made to run along the
guide pulleys 41, 42', 45, 43' and 44.
The details of the present braiding apparatus, especially, the
construction of the main body 31 will now be described with
reference to FIGS. 9 to 11. As better seen from FIGS. 9 and 10, the
plate structure is composed of two portions Aa and Ab, the latter
of which can be removed from the former. The upper plate 32 of the
plate structure has a generally circular shape, whereas the lower
plate 33 has a generally rectangular shape excepting its removable
fan-shaped portion Aa. The plate structure is formed substantially
at its center with an opening 58, through which the endless rope
being braided is allowed to pass. With the portion Ab being
removed, the rope in the opening 58 can be taken out.
Before entering into the detailed discussion on the removable
portion Ab of the plate structure, the spindle transfer mechanism
and the power transmission mechanism will be described at first
with reference to FIG. 9. The upper plate 32 is formed with eight
openings which are positioned along a periphery of a circle (not
shown). As shown, peach-shaped plate members 59 are disposed in the
eight openings of the upper plate 32, thus defining inbetween two
passages 61 which are undulating radially of the circle. Eight
pairs of the spindles 34 carrying the bobbines 35 are arranged to
run in the undulating passages 61. As shown with a portion of the
upper plate 32 being removed, the power transmission mechanism
includes eight spur gears 62, to which eight circular plates 63 are
coaxially attached. Each of these circular plates 63 is formed with
four notches, in which the feet of the spindles 34 are retained so
that the spindles 34 can move in the passages 61. These paired
spindles 34 can be transferred from the notches of one of the
circular plates 63 to those of the other which is positioned
adjacent to said one of the circular plates 63. As is well known in
the art, the spur gears 62 and the circular plates 63 are driven by
a prime mover or an electric motor 65 which is mounted on a
platform 64. The driving power is transmitted by way of a pair of
belt pulleys 66 and 66', two pairs of meshing bevel gears 67 and 68
and 67' and 68', and a pair of spur gears 69 and 69'.
To the lower plate 33, on the other hand, is fastened by means of
bolts a pair of bracket bearings 71 and 71', to which a shaft 72 is
journaled. This shaft 72 is connected through an arm 73 and a
vertical shaft 74 to a handle 75. A lever 76 is made movable in the
direction of an arrow by the action of the handle 75, and has its
one end secured to the shaft 72 and the other secured to a shaft
78, which is rotatably supported by two bracket bearings 77 and
77'. To this shaft 78 is secured a pair of rocking arms 81 and 81'
which can bring a clutch 79 into frictional engagement by the
movement of the lever 76 so that the driving shaft (not shown) may
rotate.
Indicated at reference numeral 82 is an auxiliary rectangular table
which lies on the frame 57. The fan-shaped removable portion Ab can
slide on the table 82 to be removed. Indicated at numeral 83 is a
bracket bearing which is mounted on a table 84 for rotatably
supporting the not-shown driving shaft. Indicated at numeral 85 is,
on the other hand, a handle, by which the main body 31 can be
manually brought into operation when the filament yarns are broken
or when it is intended to repair the mechanism of the main body
31.
Turning now to FIG. 10, the removable portion Ab can be removed
from the plate structure or separated from the portion Aa such that
two of the peach-shaped plate members 59 are taken out integrally
with the spur gears 62 and the circular plates 63. At this instant,
some of the spindles 34 retained by the plate members 59 are taken
out together with the removable portion Ab. Although, in this
embodiment, the removable portion Ab is formed to have a fan-shape,
the shape itself should not be limited to the fan shape if it can
be separated with ease together with the plate members 59, the
gears 62 and the circular plates 63. If desired, such a removable
portion as above can be formed additionally in the portion Aa.
Indicated at reference numeral 86 are feet which are fastened to
the removable fan-shaped portion Ab of the lower plate 33 by means
of bolts or the like.
The removable construction of the portion Ab of FIG. 10 will be
described in more detail with reference to FIG. 11. To the lower
edges of the stationary portion 33a of the lower plate 33, are
secured a pair of plates 87 and 87' which have their facing edges
left free to provide guide surfaces for the removable fan-shaped
portion 33. To the upper edges of the portion 33a, on the other
hand, are fastened two pairs of "L"-shaped retaining members 88 and
88' and 89 and 89' which have their free ends facing each other, as
shown. The fastening of the retaining members 88, 88', 89 and 89'
is performed in a removable manner with use of bolts. Since the
retaining members 88, 88', 89 and 89' have their extensions free
and juxtaposed to the guide plates 87 and 87', two guide passages
for the removable portion 33 are formed, so that, when it is
intended to take out the endless rope from the central opening 58,
the portion 33 can be removed with the retaining members 88, 88',
89 and 89' being removed. The removable construction should not be
limited to the above, and a modification is conceivable, in which
the open edges of the stationary portion are formed with radially
extending grooves whereas the free edges of the removable portion
are formed with such radial protrusions as can be slidably fitted
in the grooves.
* * * * *