U.S. patent number 3,898,433 [Application Number 05/428,848] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-05 for label reading and writing on cylindrical container.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Science & Engineering, Inc.. Invention is credited to Herbert W. Sallet.
United States Patent |
3,898,433 |
Sallet |
August 5, 1975 |
Label reading and writing on cylindrical container
Abstract
A test tube with a label is axially fed into a label processing
machine and then rotated for label scan processing in the
circumferential direction. The machine comprises scanning label
processors including read and/or write means for extracting label
data or modifying the label data. A tube transport assembly in the
machine comprises means for guiding axial tube movement, locking
the tube in an axial position for label processing, precisely
aligning the tube with label processing equipment in the machine
and rotating the aligned test tube.
Inventors: |
Sallet; Herbert W. (Nabnasset,
MA) |
Assignee: |
American Science & Engineering,
Inc. (Cambridge, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23700627 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/428,848 |
Filed: |
December 27, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
235/435; 422/561;
235/454; 422/67; 422/915; 73/863.01; 422/50 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B07C
5/3412 (20130101); B01L 3/5453 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01L
3/14 (20060101); B07C 5/34 (20060101); G06k
007/14 (); G01n 011/00 (); C10g 037/04 (); G01n
031/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;235/61.11E,61.11D,61.11A,61.11R,61.9R ;360/2 ;23/253,259 ;73/53
;209/73 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cook; Daryl W.
Assistant Examiner: Kilgore; Robert M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hieken; Charles Cohen; Jerry
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for scanning an essentially cylindrical labeled
specimen container comprising,
rough guiding means for guiding said specimen container into a
scanning position through insertion movement along a direction
generally coincident with the nominal cylindrical axis of said
specimen container,
means for positioning said specimen container axially so that a
predetermined label portion thereof is at a predetermined axial
scanning position,
means for rollably driving and supporting said specimen container
for rotating said container about its nominal cylindrical axis to
effect circumferential scanning of said label portion,
means located at said axial scanning position for performing at
least one of reading and writing functions on the label portion
during said scanning,
wherein said rough guiding and positioning means form a container
rest which elastically yields from an initial axial position to
said axial scanning position upon axially pressing said container
against said rest until said axial scanning position is reached by
the said label portion of the container,
means for locking said rest in said axial scanning position and for
unlocking said rest and returning it from said axial scanning
position to said initial position for container ejection,
said driving and supporting means comprise at least one bearing
means having an axis parallel to the cylindrical axis of a
container positioned for scanning located adjacent the container
scanning position for exerting a reaction force against an inserted
and locked container.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein, said bearing axis
is aligned with said means for reading and/or writing.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein, said drive and
support means comprise a drive roller with an axis parallel to the
nominal cylindrical axis of a container positioned for
scanning,
said drive roller being located adjacent the container scanning
location for exerting a circumferential driving force against an
inserted container.
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3 wherein, said scan
processing means comprise read and write heads and corresponding
bearings aligned with each of said read and write heads,
said drive roller axis opposing said bearing axis across the
diameter of said container.
5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 further comprising,
means for forming a fixed chassis,
means for forming a movable chassis,
means for shifting the position of said movable chassis relative to
the fixed chassis,
and wherein
the said scan processing means and the container rest are mounted
on said fixed chassis, and
the said driving and supporting means comprise a drive roller
mounted on said movable chassis and said bearing means mounted on
said fixed chassis.
6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein,
the driving and supporting means further comprise a motor and power
train drive for said drive roller connected thereto and mounted on
said movable chassis therewith.
7. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein,
the said locking means comprise means defining a translatable and
pivotable locking recess which is arranged in relation to said
container rest to be moved into locking position by said rest upon
movement thereof to the said second position thereof and to be
translated out of locking position by an external force and means
for applying said external force.
8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein
said container rest comprises a pivotable lever arm and said recess
defining means are forwardly pivotable into locking position to
grasp the lever and rearwardly translatable for unlocking.
9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wherein the said locking
means further comprise
first spring means loadable by said rearward translation of the
locking element to provide resetting forward translation force
thereto,
and second spring means connected to said recess forming means and
loadable by movement of said rest to, and locking in, said second
position thereof to provide a resetting pivoting action to said
recess forming means upon unlocking of said rest and container
ejection.
10. Apparatus in accordance with claim 9 further comprising
means for forming a fixed chassis,
means for forming a movable chassis,
means for shifting the position of said movable chassis relative to
the fixed chassis,
and wherein
the said scan processing means and the container rest are mounted
on said fixed chassis, and
said driving and supporting means comprise a drive roller mounted
on said movable chassis and said bearing means mounted on said
fixed chassis.
11. Apparatus in accordance with claim 10 wherein
the driving and supporting means further comprise a motor and power
train drive for said drive roller connected thereto and mounted on
said movable chassis therewith.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to processing package
label data and more particularly concerns apparatus and techniques
for reading and/or writing label information on a cylindrical
container used in laboratory, clinic and hospital processing of
specimens from patients or subjects. The invention facilitates
automated processing of a test tube or other container with
reliable reading and/or writing apparatus that is relatively
economical and compact.
Accurate and fast labelling of specimen containers is of importance
in hospital, clinical, laboratory operations. Prompt analysis may
be of vital importance in some cases, and mislabelling of such
information as patient identification or tests to be performed may
produce serious consequences.
Accordingly it is an important object of the present invention to
expedite the handling of specimen containers while avoiding
erroneous label information.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a specimen
container handling unit for receiving a specimen container and
automatically reading and/or writing label information consistent
with one or more of the preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to carry out one or more of
the preceding objects with compact, portable relatively low-cost
apparatus suitable for use at a number of locations.
It is a further object of the invention to accommodate specimen
container tolerance variations consistent with one or more of the
preceding objects.
It is a further object of the invention to provide improved speed
of label processing consistent with one or more of the preceding
objects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, scan processing means, such as read and
write heads are utilized in combination with a container transport
assembly mounted on a fixed chassis. The container transport
assembly comprises rough guiding means for receiving an inserted
labelled cylindrical specimen container and guiding it through
axial movement (i.e. in a direction coincident with the container's
cylindrical axis) from an initial position to a scan processing
position, means for defining a scan processing position, means for
rotating the container past label reading and writing heads in a
scan processing operation, and means for subsequently releasing and
axially ejecting the specimen container back to its first position
to allow removal of the container.
The rough guiding and positioning means form a container rest which
is mounted elastically on the fixed chassis. The inserted container
is axially pressed against the rest which elastically yields in
response to such pressing until the container is fully displaced
from its first initial axial position to its second scanning
processing position. The rest is locked to maintain the container
in the second position.
Then a drive roller is moved into contact with the inserted
specimen container and at least one roll bearing is provided so
that the drive roller can rollably drive the container. The drive
roller and roll bearing axes are parallel to the container's
cylindrical axis. The scan processing means comprise one or both of
read and write heads of optical, thermal, electrical, magnetic,
chemical or mechanical types, which are located on the fixed
chassis in axial alignment with and adjacent to the label portion
of an inserted container. After completion of scan processing, the
rest is unlocked and it springs back to eject the container (wholly
or partially) and reset the container rest in the first position
for receiving a new container.
The container alignments involved in insertion, positioning and
circumferential scan driving for purposes of precision in
automatically reading and writing label data are controlled by the
apparatus rather than the technician and container ejection is also
controlled by the apparatus to prevent disturbance of apparatus
alignment or container breakage by the technician.
In a preferred form of the invention longitudinally elongated
bearing assemblies are aligned with each scan processing head for
lessening deviations from planned alignment which would otherwise
be caused by dimensional variances or differing degrees of
out-of-roundness of the specimen containers.
Drive roller means oppose the bearing assemblies across the
diameter of the cylindrical container. The drive roller means are
mounted on a chassis movable relative to a fixed chassis containing
the tube transport assembly. The movable chassis carries a drive
motor and means for coupling the drive motor and the drive roller
means. Bringing the movable chassis into a driving position where
the rotating drive roller means contacts the specimen container and
energizing the drive motor rotates the specimen container to effect
circumferential scanning. After scanning is complete, the movable
chassis returns to a nondriving position with the drive roller
means spaced from the specimen container. The longitudinal bearing
assemblies are very small and have a low inertia compared to that
of the assembly that rotates the specimen container. After the
movable chassis is shifted to the nondriving position, the specimen
container is ejected.
Numerous other features, objects and advantages of the invention
will become apparent from the following specification when read in
connection with the accompanying drawing the single FIGURE of which
is:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
a partially cutaway isometric view of apparatus according to a
preferred embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawing, processing apparatus for a test tube
T with a label L and a plastic cap C comprises a fixed chassis 10
containing a tube transport assembly, reading head 20, and writing
head 30, and a movable chassis 100. Only small portions of the
fixed chassis 10 are indicated in the drawing, the balance being
cut away for a clearer illustration of components of the fixed
chassis and the tube and other structure of the apparatus of a
preferred embodiment.
The movable chassis 100 is pivotably mounted on the fixed chassis
10. The movable chassis 100 comprises an upper plate 104 and a
lower plate 105. The two plates are interconnected by vertical
spacer rods 134, 135 and 136 at corners of the plates. A fourth
such rod may be provided at the fourth corner which is hidden from
view in this illustration. The vertical rod 135 forms a pivotal
mounting for the movable chassis 100. A solenoid 101, acting
against a spring 103, is operable to move the movable chassis 100
about the vertical pivotal axis formed through rod 135, shifting
the movable chassis forward or backwards as indicated by the
double-headed arrow AA. The tube transport assembly comprises
spaced vertical shafts 1 and 2 parallel to the axial or
longitudinal direction of tube insertion, each having a pair of
axially spaced bearings 3 thereon. Bearings 3 are arranged to
contact the inserted tube T at two spaced points along the
periphery thereof.
A stop lever 9 defines the resting place for the bottom of the
inserted tube T and comprises a flexible end portion 8 which is
adjustable through a screw 7 and nut 6. The lever 9 is movable
upwardly to a first position indicated by phantom lines by a
tension spring 5. The lever 9 may be depressed from its phantom
line position in the drawings to a second position shown in solid
lines by urging test tube T downward upon it to overcome the action
of spring 5. A dashpot damper 4 makes the lever motion an
elastically-yielding motion in either direction of movement. The
position of initial insertion of the test tube is indicated by the
phantom lines U defining the bottom of the test tube when it first
makes contact with the lever 9 in its first position. Further
downward insertion of the test tube depresses the lever until it
reaches the second position indicated by solid lines in the
drawing. The lever 9 is pivotable about a horizontal axis of pin 19
mounted from the fixed chassis 10. A limit switch 9LS is actuated
when lever 9 is in the first position.
A lever lock 11 is driven by a solenoid 12 against a solenoid
spring 13. The lock 11 is also pivotable about a horizontal axis of
pin 14 and has a cammed upper surface and a locking recess 17. Lock
11 pivots about pin 14 under tension from spring 15 secured to the
fixed chassis 10. As the lever 9 moves downwardly, the lock 11 is
initially tilted back to allow the lever 9 to contact the bottom of
recess 17. That contact followed by continual downward pressure on
tube T shifts lock 11 to the solid line position shown in the
drawing.
Tube ejection is caused by energizing solenoid 12 to pull lock 11
towards the solenoid against the action of spring 13. Spring 15
then pulls the upper part of lock 11 counter-clockwise about pin 14
to allow lever 9 to be pulled upward by spring 5, thereby partially
ejecting the tube T back to the position shown in phantom lines. A
limit switch 11LS (acting in cooperation with the cammed surface
16) is actuated when lock 11 is in the position shown in the
drawing.
A drive motor 106 and pulley 107 are mounted on the movable chassis
100, preferably from its lower plate 105, and are interconnected by
a drive belt 108. The motor output shaft has a pulley (not shown)
connected to the belt 108 which is sized to provide speed-reduction
from the motor shaft to the pulley 107. The gear 107 drives a drive
roller 110 via a vertical shaft 111. The drive roller 110 has a
pair of spaced elastomeric drive rings thereon for frictionally
engaging the tube T. When the movable chassis is pivoted about the
vertical axis through rod 135 by the action of solenoid 101, the
rings of the drive roller come in contact with the tube T.
Roller 110 extends slightly below the top plate 104 of the movable
chassis 100. The drive roller 110 is spaced longitudinally between
the spaced bearings 3 of each of shafts 1 and 2 and together with
such shafts and their bearings rollably supports tube T. When drive
motor 106 is energized, drive roller 110, bearings 3 and tube T
rotate to effect circumferential scanning of label L. Preferably
drive roller 10 is located axially between bearings 3 but above
half the axial distance axially spaced pairs of bearings 3 to help
insure positive drive of tube T.
The tube transport assembly comprises an upper guide 41 and a lower
guide 42 on the apparatus which serve to guide the tube down to
lever 9 as it is inserted and play no part in the precise alignment
preferred for actual reading and writing operations.
When the apparatus is locked in the position shown in solid lines
of the drawing, the label L is longitudinally aligned with a
reading head 20 and a writing head 30. The reading head 20
comprises a light source 22 and an array of electrooptical reading
elements (miniature photocells or phototransistors or the like) 23
mounted on a printed circuit board 24. Reading is done by
reflection, the boards 23 and 24 being in vertical planes
intersecting at a vertical line along the label L when in position
for being scanned. The reading elements 23 are aligned with
distinct horizontal channels or tracks on the label L.
The writing head 20 is preferably of the thermal writing type and
comprises a vertical array of electrical heating elements (not
shown) each aligned with a respective track of the label L. The
writing head 30 is initially spaced from the test tube T and
movable to a position adjacent to tube T by energizing solenoid 31
on the fixed chassis 10 to overcome the tension of spring 32. As
the tube is rotated past the writing head 30 one of the detecting
elements 23 senses a bar in one of the tracks which is used as a
synchronization signal and acts through circuitry (not shown) to
activate the solenoid 31 and move the writing head 30 into writing
position. Writing and reading operations are then conducted as the
tube T is rotated by drive roller 110 acting through its
drive-rings 109 and with the aid of the reacting forces provided by
bearings 3 on shafts 1 and 2. Preferably the scanning direction is
such that reading head 20 scans what writing head 30 has recorded
to verify that the information selected for recording is actually
written upon the label so that automatic readers associated with
later processing of the specimen container will correctly interpret
the recorded information.
The label 99 may comprise a thermosensitive paper laminated to a
polyester film backing or other laminates or single ply transparent
materials, known per se, having a thermosensitive side. The
thermosensitive side should face upwardly when the label is
inserted and the label should be reproducibly aligned with the
apparatus to register channel sections of the label with
corresponding channels of the reading and writing heads. The label
is driven in stepped increments past the reading and writing heads
by pulse motor 12 via the above described drive train.
Discrimination between darkened and undarkened portions of the
label is enhanced by limiting the light passing through the label
to photodetector elements of the reader to visible light
wavelengths, preferably blue. Since economical incandescent light
sources have a major portion of their output at infrared
wavelengths, blue filter block 82 is used to limit the light
transmission from the source to the label and detector to
essentially blue light. Blocking infrared light also prevents
photochemically induced label deterioration.
The reader may comprise a single linear light source in lieu of the
multiple light source elements shown. Alternatively, a single high
speed integrating detector, together with time sequenced multiple
light sources, may be used.
The specific logical circuitry for effecting reading, writing,
synchronization and actuation of the respective solenoids and
motors is not a part of the invention and may comprise any known
technique apparent to those skilled in the art. This logical
circuitry may use a signal provided by limit switch 11LS to
indicate tube T is properly seated and energize drive motor 106 and
solenoid 101 to initiate scanning. Reading head 20 could provide an
appropriate signal upon completion of scanning for de energizing
motor 106 and solenoid 101 while energizing solenoid 12 to end
scanning and eject tube T. The circuitry could respond to a signal
provided by limit switch 9LS when actuated by lever 9 to deenergize
solenoid 12.
The circumferential spacing between read head 20 and write head 30
in preferred embodiments of the present invention is preferably
within 0.0015 inches for a tube diameter variation of .+-. 0.010
inches. The arrangement of elements helps achieve the preferred
tolerances. The diameter of bearings 3 is preferably less than the
horizontal distance between each bearing and drive roller 110
corresponding to nominal tube T diameter. The reading head 20, that
is its detecting portion on circuit card 24, is directly above
shaft 2; the writing head 30 is directly above shaft 1. This
arrangement compensates for variations in test tube diameters
(including roundness flaws) by allowing the horizontal position of
drive roller 110 to vary in accordance with the diameter of a tube
being scanned. A hole 43 angled down towards label L is provided in
guide 41 to allow a technician to read man-readable information on
label L.
There has been described novel apparatus and techniques for rapidly
and reliably reading and writing label information carried by a
label on a cylindrical specimen container. The invention is
especially useful in a preferred system where information recorded
is immediately read out to insure that the information desired to
be recorded was actually written upon the label. Accuracy is
achieved despite variations in tube diameters. The apparatus may be
operated by relatively unskilled personnel. The apparatus is
operable over long intervals with relatively little
maintenance.
It is evident that those skilled in the art may now make numerous
uses and modifications of, and departures from the specific
embodiments described herein without departing from the inventive
concepts hereof. Consequently, the invention is to be construed as
embracing each and every novel feature and novel combination of
features present in, or possessed by the apparatus and techniques
herein disclosed and limited solely by the scope and spirit of the
appended claims.
* * * * *