U.S. patent number 3,897,789 [Application Number 05/396,699] was granted by the patent office on 1975-08-05 for acupuncture apparatus.
Invention is credited to Stanley J. Blanchard.
United States Patent |
3,897,789 |
Blanchard |
August 5, 1975 |
Acupuncture apparatus
Abstract
Pulses of current are supplied to an acupuncture needle by a
pulse generator whose pulse-width, frequency and amplitude are
adjustably controlled, the pulse source having such high impedance
as to cause essentially the desired or adjusted current to flow
irrespective of the electrical impedance of the body between the
acupuncture needle and another electrode applied to the body, i.e.,
an adjustable nominally infinte-impedance pulse source. A common
pulse generator of adjustable frequency, pulse-width and intensity
is used for providing drive for separate output circuits to
energize plural acupuncture needles, respectively.
Inventors: |
Blanchard; Stanley J. (New
York, NY) |
Family
ID: |
23568301 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/396,699 |
Filed: |
September 13, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
606/189; 128/907;
607/62; 607/72 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61H
39/002 (20130101); A61N 1/32 (20130101); A61B
18/00 (20130101); A61H 2201/5005 (20130101); A61N
1/0502 (20130101); Y10S 128/907 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
18/00 (20060101); A61H 39/00 (20060101); A61N
1/32 (20060101); A61B 017/40 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2.1C,303.18,303.13,2.1E,2.1R,172.1,404,419R,420-422 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
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|
|
2498882 |
February 1950 |
Fizzell et al. |
3077884 |
February 1963 |
Bartow et al. |
|
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
997,670 |
|
Jul 1965 |
|
GB |
|
1,515,840 |
|
Sep 1965 |
|
FR |
|
Other References
Capperauld et al., "Acupunc. Anesthesia in China," The Lancet, Nov.
25, 1972, pp. 1136-1137. .
Brown, "Use of Acupunc. in Major Surgery," The Lancet, June 17,
1972, pp. 1328-1330. .
Matsumoto, "Acupunc. and U.S. Medicine," JAMA, May 15, 1972, Vol.
220, No. 7, p. 1010. .
Chisolm, "Acupunc. Analgesia," The Lancet, Sept. 9, 1972, p.
540..
|
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Cohen; Lee S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Martin; Paul S.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Acupuncture apparatus including multiple metal electrodes at
least one of which is a needle of about five thousandths of an inch
thick and about one-half inch to 6 inches in length for insertion
into a patient's body at an acupuncture point and electrical
energizing means for oppositely energizing said needle and another
of said electrodes, said electrical energizing means including
means for providing pulses to the needle in the frequency range
between a value approaching zero and 2,000 pulses per second, and
said energizing means having impedance means for regulating the
current supplied to said needle having a minimum impedance of about
1 megohm at the pulse frequency, whereby the needle is supplied
with essentially constant current which is affected only
secondarily by varied body-impedances of patients.
2. Acupuncture apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said
pulses are unipolar.
3. Acupuncture apparatus in accordance with claim 1, including
plural needles and wherein separate impedance means is included in
said energizing means for regulating the current pulses as
aforesaid to each of said plural needles.
4. Acupuncture apparatus in accordance with claim 1, further
including means for adjusting the impedance means selectively to
values ranging from a minimum of about one megohm as aforesaid to
many megohms, whereby the needle current is subject to deliberate
variation by the user of the apparatus with no more than secondary
modification of the current due to varied body-impedances of
patients.
Description
The present invention relates to apparatus for use in acupuncture
therapy and anaesthesiology.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Acupuncture represents a time-honored technique for treating
various ailments, both for curing certain ailments and for easing
or erasing pain. More recently acupuncture has been found highly
effective in anaesthesiology. In the practice of acupuncture, the
acupuncturist inserts one or more fine needles into the patient at
locations found by experience to be effective for treating each
condition. These locations are called acupuncture points. The
needle is fine, perhaps 0.005 inch or less in thickness, having a
round, triangular or other cross-section, and ranging in length
from about one-half inch to 6 inches. During and after insertion,
the acupuncturist vibrates the needle according to the empirically
established technique.
Electrical impulses have also been used in acupuncture, as an
alternative to manual vibration. Voltage spikes of various
frequencies and amplitude have been used, but with limited
success.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Pursuant to the present invention, acupuncture apparatus includes
what may be called constant-current or infinite-impedance means for
electrically energizing the acupuncture needle(s). The body
impedance may vary over a wide range, but the pulse source for the
needle, or for each needle, has such a high impedance that the
resulting current of each pulse is affected only secondarily by
variations in electrical impedance of the patient's body.
Essentially, it is the adjustment of the apparatus that determines
the current flow. A further feature is in controlling the duration
of the pulses, square-wave pulses in the illustrative apparatus, in
contrast to the simple spikes used heretofore.
The nature of the invention including the foregoing and other
features will be better appreciated from the following detailed
description of an illustrative embodiment shown in the accompanying
drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of illustrative acupuncture apparatus
incorporating features of the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram of the apparatus of FIG. 1,
modified to energize plural acupuncture needles.
GENERAL
An acupuncture needle may be energized by applying electrical
pulses between the needle and another electrode attached to the
body, either an area contact or another needle. Since the human
body acts as a volume conductor, current flows from one needle to a
reference electrode (a needle or other electrode) via a rather
broad front. The body impedance is quite complex, but may be
approximated by a resistance R.sub.1 in series with a capacitance
C.sub.1, the two shunted by another resistance R.sub.2. At the
frequency range here involved, the series-equivalent resistance
R.sub.1 and the reactance of capacitance C.sub.1 are approximately
equal and they vary inversely with the frequency. Resistance
R.sub.2 accounts for the finite d-c resistance related to the
electrolytic process that takes place at the electrodeelectrolyte
interface. This is a non-linear resistance which is a function of
the nature of the tissue in contact with the needle electrode. For
example, perspiration greatly affects the resistance of skin.
There is one of these electrode-body interface impedances R.sub.1,
C.sub.1, R.sub.2 for each needle. In addition, the stimulating
current may be altered by an equivalent bioelectric voltage and an
associated bioelectric equivalent impedance, which represents the
body tissue itself between two electrodes.
By making the source of pulses between the electrodes in the form
of a source of current pulses, the current level and the
corresponding degree of stimulation can be accurately controlled
and will not be affected by or dependent on the particular level of
body impedance among different patients or at various acupuncture
points of a patient. As an absolute concept, a current-pulse source
should have infinite impedance. A practical value of impedance of a
current-pulse source herein is only required to be so high in
relation to maximum body impedance that various body impedances
that may be encountered will not notably affect the resulting
current.
As extreme values, body impedance may be anything in the range of
1,000 to 100,000 ohms between an acupuncture needle and another
electrode, which may be another needle or an area contact to the
skin that is prepared for good conduction. Thus, a 1.0 megohm
source impedance would produce prescribed levels of current
stimulation within 10% regardless of body impedance. The 10% figure
and the impedance variations of 1,000 to 100,000 ohms are extreme
figures, so that a 1.0-megohm source impedance is perhaps higher
than is absolutely required, but it represents the order of
magnitude of the source impedance required.
In the illustrative apparatus in the drawing, the collector of a
base-driven transistor is used to provide this impedance.
Typically, the collector impedance is greater than 1.0 megohm. With
an appropriate emitter resistor it may be at least 1.0 megohm at
the maximum-current part of the operating characteristic and with
an emitter resistor of about 1,000 ohms. Where a low current level
of stimulation is desired, a 100,000-ohm emitter resistor may be
used. The resulting output impedance at low- and high-current
settings is:
Z.sub.o = Z.sub.c + .beta. .sup.. R.sub.e
where
Z.sub.c is the collector resistance, 1.0 to 2.0 meg;
.beta. is the current gain of the transistor, typically 50 to 100;
and
R.sub.e is the emitter resistor, being 1,000 ohms to 100,000 ohms
in an illustrative example.
Accordingly:
Z.sub.o = 2 meg. + 50 .sup.. 100,000 = 7 meg -- for a low-current
setting, and
Z.sub.o = 1 meg. + 100 .sup.. 1,000 = 1.1 meg -- for a high-current
setting.
In all settings, the impedance remains greater than the 1.0 megohm
level above.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows acupuncture apparatus
including a constant-current source of pulses 10 for oppositely
energizing a metal acupuncture needle 12 inserted into a patient's
body and another electrode 14 shown as an area contact to the
patient's skin (using a conductive gel, if desired) but which may
be another needle. Source 10 is nominally a constant-current
source, in that its impedance is not infinite in practice but is
merely a high order of impedance compared to the maximum body
resistance between electrodes 12 and 14. The pulses here are
unipolar squarewaves and they are of adjustable frequency, duration
(pulsewidth) and intensity.
An adjustable-frequency pulse generator 16, e.g., an astable
multi-vibrator with a manual frequency control 16a drives pulse
generator 18 having a manually adjustable pulse-width control 18a,
e.g. a one-shot multi-vibrator. The output is fed to an intensity
adjuster 20, e.g., a potentiometer 20a having a manual control 20b.
Intensity indicator 23 measures the pulse intensity. This is
converted into current pulses by current-pulse generator 22. This
advantageously takes the form of a base-driven transistor 22a
having an emitter resistor and a direct connection 22c from the
collector to needle 12. Direct-current supply 24 is connected
between resistor 22b and electrode 14. This supply also energizes
parts 16, 18 and 20 of pulse source 10.
D-C supply 24 is ideally battery-operated so as to enable the
apparatus to be free of connection to a power circuit which could
expose the patient to shock hazard. Moreover, because usual
economical sizes of batteries have inadequate voltage for the
presently desired maximum pulse intensity, d-c supply 24
advantageously includes an interrupter or inverter, a step-up
transformer and a rectifier and smoothing filter, this being a
conventional d-c to d-c step-up converter.
Portions of the pulse source 10 of FIG. 1 are shown in greater
detail in FIG. 2, adapted to energize plural acupuncture needles
separately. Potentiometer 20a is connected to the base of output
transistor 22a and to the base of transistor 26 which forms part of
intensity indicator 23, shown as a peak-reading detector. The
pulses appearing across emitter-follower resistor 28 are rectified
by diode 30 and stored in capacitor 32, and measured by a voltmeter
circuit.
The emitter of transistor 22a is selectively connected by selector
switch 36 to one of three current-range selecting resistors 22b-1,
22b-2 or 22b-3 which may for example be 1,000 ohms, 10,000 ohms and
100,000 ohms, respectively. These values typically impart an
internal impedance of from 1.1 megohms to 7 megohms as shown
above.
Collector connection 22c is provided for one needle, to be
connected to terminal 1. A second transistor 22a' also has a
base-drive connection to potentiometer 20a, and a separate
collector connection 22c' to terminal 2 for a separate needle; and
it has a corresponding cluster of emitter resistors 22b'.
Additional terminals 3 to N have respective current-pulse
generators. Electrode 14 is to be connected to line 38 which is
connected to the negative terminal of D-C supply 24, the rest of
the circuit being energized by the positive terminal of the D-C
supply.
The circuit described is advantageously energized by a 60-volt D-C
supply, being a relatively safe voltage even in case of component
failure. The pulses may be 0.5 to 100 milliseconds long, with a
repetition rate that may be adjusted as desired, from zero to 100
pulses per second and another range from 100 to 2,000 pulses per
second.
The reading of indicator 34 provides a direct measurement of the
output of potentiometer 22a. However, this is proportional to the
resulting current levels of needles connected to terminals 1, 2,
etc., where the corresponding emitter resistors 22b are selected in
the related output circuits.
The foregoing represents an exemplary embodiment for achieving the
purposes of the invention. However, it is readily susceptible of
variation in details and proportions within the skill of the art,
and consequently the invention should be construed in accordance
with its full spirit and scope.
* * * * *